HOG的opencv实现学习笔记，以及图像特征提取笔记-自用

# Specify the parameters for our HOG descriptor

# Cell Size in pixels (width, height). Must be smaller than the size of the detection window
# and must be chosen so that the resulting Block Size is smaller than the detection window.
cell_size = (6, 6)

# Number of cells per block in each direction (x, y). Must be chosen so that the resulting
# Block Size is smaller than the detection window
num_cells_per_block = (2, 2)

# Block Size in pixels (width, height). Must be an integer multiple of Cell Size.
# The Block Size must be smaller than the detection window
block_size = (num_cells_per_block[0] * cell_size[0],
              num_cells_per_block[1] * cell_size[1])

# Calculate the number of cells that fit in our image in the x and y directions
x_cells = gray_image.shape[1] // cell_size[0]
y_cells = gray_image.shape[0] // cell_size[1]

# Horizontal distance between blocks in units of Cell Size. Must be an integer and it must
# be set such that (x_cells - num_cells_per_block[0]) / h_stride = integer.
h_stride = 1

# Vertical distance between blocks in units of Cell Size. Must be an integer and it must
# be set such that (y_cells - num_cells_per_block[1]) / v_stride = integer.
v_stride = 1

# Block Stride in pixels (horizantal, vertical). Must be an integer multiple of Cell Size
block_stride = (cell_size[0] * h_stride, cell_size[1] * v_stride)

# Number of gradient orientation bins
num_bins = 9        


# Specify the size of the detection window (Region of Interest) in pixels (width, height).
# It must be an integer multiple of Cell Size and it must cover the entire image. Because
# the detection window must be an integer multiple of cell size, depending on the size of
# your cells, the resulting detection window might be slightly smaller than the image.
# This is perfectly ok.
win_size = (x_cells * cell_size[0] , y_cells * cell_size[1])

# Print the shape of the gray scale image for reference
print('\nThe gray scale image has shape: ', gray_image.shape)
print()

# Print the parameters of our HOG descriptor
print('HOG Descriptor Parameters:\n')
print('Window Size:', win_size)


print('Cell Size:', cell_size)
print('Block Size:', block_size)
print('Block Stride:', block_stride)
print('Number of Bins:', num_bins)
print()

# Set the parameters of the HOG descriptor using the variables defined above
hog = cv2.HOGDescriptor(win_size, block_size, block_stride, cell_size, num_bins)

# Compute the HOG Descriptor for the gray scale image
hog_descriptor = hog.compute(gray_image)

注意在使用前，需要将RGB图片转换为灰度图
原因是：

1. 识别物体，最关键的因素是梯度（SIFT/HOG），梯度意味着边缘，这是最本质的部分，而计算梯度，自然就用到灰度图像了，可以把灰度理解为图像的强度。
2. 颜色，易受光照影响，难以提供关键信息，故将图像进行灰度化，同时也可以加快特征提取的速度。

学习传送门：
HOG 特征提取算法 实践篇-Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG)
图像处理之特征提取
模式识别之特征提取算法
HOG特征（Histogram of Gradient）学习总结
图像去噪经典算法（均值滤波，高斯滤波，双边滤波，中值滤波
DoG (Difference of Gaussian)角点检测
OpenCV-Python——第27章：SURF特征点提取算法