Android学习——蓝牙通讯

 

蓝牙

蓝牙，是一种支持设备短距离通信（一般10m内，且无阻隔媒介）的无线电技术。能在包括移动电话、PDA、无线耳机、笔记本电脑等众多设备之间进行无线信息交换。利用“蓝牙”技术，能够有效的简化移动通信终端设备之间的通信，也能够成功的简化设备与Internet之间的通信，这样数据传输变得更加迅速高效，为无线通信拓宽道路。

注意：Android 2.0 引入蓝牙接口，在开发时，需要真机测试，如果需要数据传输，还需要两台机器，另外蓝牙下哟硬件支持。

蓝牙设备操作

权限：

打开蓝牙的方式有两种：

//第一种方法，打开蓝牙设备（提示对话框）
Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);
startActivity(discoverableIntent);

//第二种方法，打开蓝牙，静默打开
BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter=BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
bluetoothAdapter.enable();

搜索蓝牙设备

//开始扫描蓝牙设备
BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter2=BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
bluetoothAdapter2.startDiscovery();

关闭蓝牙设备

BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter1=BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
bluetoothAdapter1.disable();

 

蓝牙通讯案例

 

MainActivity.java

package com.example.bluetooth;

import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

import java.util.Set;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
    private Button open, close,button_scan,button_server,button_client;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        open = findViewById(R.id.open);
        close = findViewById(R.id.close);
        button_scan = findViewById(R.id.button_scan);
        button_server = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_server);
        button_client = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_client);
        open.setOnClickListener(this);
        close.setOnClickListener(this);
        button_scan.setOnClickListener(this);
        button_server.setOnClickListener(this);
        button_client.setOnClickListener(this);

    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()){
            case R.id.open:
                /*//第一种方法，打开蓝牙设备（提示对话框）
                Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
                //打开本机蓝牙发现功能
                discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);
                startActivity(discoverableIntent);*/

                //第二种方法，打开蓝牙，静默打开
                BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter=BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
                bluetoothAdapter.enable();
                break;
            case R.id.close:
                BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter1=BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
                bluetoothAdapter1.disable();
                break;
            case R.id.button_scan:
                //开始扫描蓝牙设备
                BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter2=BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
                bluetoothAdapter2.startDiscovery();
                Log.i("tag","开始扫描蓝牙设备");
                Set set=bluetoothAdapter2.getBondedDevices();
                for (BluetoothDevice bd:set){
                    Log.i("tag","name:"+bd.getName());
                    Log.i("tag","address:"+bd.getAddress());
                }
                break;
            case R.id.button_server:
                Intent intent = new Intent(this, ServerBluetoothActivity.class);
                startActivity(intent);
                break;
            case R.id.button_client:
                Intent intent1 = new Intent(this, ClientBluetoothActivity.class);
                startActivity(intent1);
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
}

ServerBluetoothActivity.java

package com.example.bluetooth;

import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothServerSocket;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.util.UUID;

public class ServerBluetoothActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static final int CONN_SUCCESS=0x1;
    private static final int CONN_FAIL=0x2;
    private static final int RECEIVER_INFO=0x3;
    private static final int SET_EDITTEXT_NULL=0x4;
    private static Button button_send;
    private static TextView textView_content;
    private static EditText editText_info;
    BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter=null;//本地蓝牙设备
    BluetoothServerSocket serverSocket=null;//蓝牙设备Socket服务端
    BluetoothSocket socket=null;//蓝牙设备Socket客户端

    //输入输出流
    PrintStream out;
    BufferedReader in;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_server_bluetooth);
        setTitle("蓝牙服务端");
        textView_content= (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView_content);
        editText_info= (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText_info);
        button_send= (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_send);
        init();
    }

    //创建蓝牙服务器端的Socket
    private void init() {
        textView_content.setText("服务器已启动，正在等待连接...\n");
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                //1.得到本地设备
                bluetoothAdapter=BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
                //2.创建蓝牙Socket服务器
                try {
                    serverSocket=bluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord("text", UUID.fromString("00000000-2527-eef3-ffff-ffffe3160865"));
                    //3.阻塞等待Socket客户端请求
                    socket=serverSocket.accept();
                    if (socket!=null){
                        out=new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
                        in=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
                    }
                    handler.sendEmptyMessage(CONN_SUCCESS);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    Message msg=handler.obtainMessage(CONN_FAIL,e.getLocalizedMessage());
                    handler.sendMessage(msg);
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    //防止内存泄漏 正确的使用方法
    private final MyHandler handler = new MyHandler(this);
    public  class MyHandler extends Handler {
        //软引用
        WeakReference weakReference;

        public MyHandler(ServerBluetoothActivity activity) {
            weakReference=new WeakReference(activity);
        }

        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            super.handleMessage(msg);
            ServerBluetoothActivity activity=weakReference.get();
            if (activity!=null){
                switch (msg.what){
                    case RECEIVER_INFO:
                        setInfo(msg.obj.toString()+"\n");
                        break;
                    case SET_EDITTEXT_NULL:
                        editText_info.setText("");
                        break;
                    case CONN_SUCCESS:
                        setInfo("连接成功！\n");
                        button_send.setEnabled(true);
                        new Thread(new ReceiverInfoThread()).start();
                        break;
                    case CONN_FAIL:
                        setInfo("连接失败！\n");
                        setInfo(msg.obj.toString() + "\n");
                        break;
                    default:
                        break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    private boolean isReceiver=true;

    private class ReceiverInfoThread implements Runnable {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            String info=null;
            while (isReceiver){
                try {
                    info=in.readLine();
                    Message msg=handler.obtainMessage(RECEIVER_INFO,info);
                    handler.sendMessage(msg);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public void sendClick(View view){
        final String content=editText_info.getText().toString();
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(content)){
            Toast.makeText(this, "不能发送空消息", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            return;
        }
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                out.println(content);
                out.flush();
                handler.sendEmptyMessage(SET_EDITTEXT_NULL);
            }
        }).start();
    }
    private void setInfo(String info){
        StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer();
        sb.append(textView_content.getText());
        sb.append(info);
        textView_content.setText(sb);
    }
}

ClientBluetoothActivity.java

package com.example.bluetooth;

import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.util.UUID;

public class ClientBluetoothActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private static final int CONN_SUCCESS=0x1;
    private static final int CONN_FAIL=0x2;
    private static final int RECEIVER_INFO=0x3;
    private static final int SET_EDITTEXT_NULL=0x4;
    private static Button button_send;
    private static TextView textView_content;
    private static EditText editText_info;

    BluetoothAdapter bluetooth=null;//本地蓝牙设备
    BluetoothDevice device=null;//远程蓝牙设备
    BluetoothSocket socket=null;//蓝牙设备Socket客户端

    //输入输出流
    PrintStream out;
    BufferedReader in;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_client_bluetooth);

        setTitle("蓝牙客户端");
        textView_content= (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView_content);
        editText_info= (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText_info);
        button_send= (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_send);
        init();
    }

    //创建蓝牙客户端端的Socket
    private void init() {
        textView_content.setText("客户端已启动，正在等待连接...\n");
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                //1.得到本地蓝牙设备的默认适配器
                bluetooth=BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
                //2.通过本地蓝牙设备得到远程蓝牙设备
                device=bluetooth.getRemoteDevice("22:22:4E:6E:59:86");
                //3.根据UUID创建并返回一个BoluetoothSocket
                try {
                    socket=device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(UUID.fromString("00000000-2527-eef3-ffff-ffffe3160865"));
                    if (socket!=null) {
                        // 连接
                        socket.connect();
                        //处理客户端输出流
                        out=new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
                        in=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
                    }
                    handler.sendEmptyMessage(CONN_SUCCESS);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    Message msg=handler.obtainMessage(CONN_FAIL,e.getLocalizedMessage());
                    handler.sendMessage(msg);
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }
    //防止内存泄漏 正确的使用方法
    private final MyHandler handler = new MyHandler(this);
    public  class MyHandler extends Handler {
        //软引用
        WeakReference weakReference;

        public MyHandler(ClientBluetoothActivity activity) {
            weakReference = new WeakReference(activity);
        }

        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            super.handleMessage(msg);
            ClientBluetoothActivity activity = weakReference.get();
            if (activity!=null){
                switch (msg.what){
                    case RECEIVER_INFO:
                        setInfo(msg.obj.toString() + "\n");
                        break;
                    case SET_EDITTEXT_NULL:
                        editText_info.setText("");
                        break;
                    case CONN_SUCCESS:
                        setInfo("连接成功！\n");
                        button_send.setEnabled(true);
                        System.out.println("name"+device.getName());
                        System.out.println("Uuids"+device.getUuids());
                        System.out.println("Address"+device.getAddress());
                        new Thread(new ReceiverInfoThread()).start();
                        break;
                    case CONN_FAIL:
                        setInfo("连接失败！\n");
                        setInfo(msg.obj.toString() + "\n");
                        break;
                    default:
                        break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    private boolean isReceiver=true;
    //接收信息的线程
    class ReceiverInfoThread implements Runnable{
        @Override
        public void run() {
            String info=null;
            while (isReceiver){
                try {
                    Log.i("tag","--ReceiverInfoThread start --");
                    info=in.readLine();
                    Log.i("tag","--ReceiverInfoThread read --");
                    Message msg=handler.obtainMessage(RECEIVER_INFO,info);
                    handler.sendMessage(msg);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public void sendClick(View v){
        final String content=editText_info.getText().toString();
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(content)){
            Toast.makeText(this, "不能发送空消息", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            return;
        }
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                out.println(content);
                out.flush();
                handler.sendEmptyMessage(SET_EDITTEXT_NULL);
            }
        }).start();
    }
    private void setInfo(String info){
        StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer();
        sb.append(textView_content.getText());
        sb.append(info);
        textView_content.setText(sb);
    }
}