上篇文章我们讲解了Java的四种线程池，我们知道如何去使用四种线程池，以及在合适的情况下使用合适的线程池，常言道，不懂原理的厨师不是好的程序员，所以本篇文章，就带大家一起去探寻Java线程池的秘密。
1.我们来先看看四种线程池的源码
- newFixedThreadPool
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads, ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue(),
threadFactory);
}
返回了ThreadPoolExecutor对象
- newSingleThreadExecutor
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue()));
}
返回了ThreadPoolExecutor对象
- newCachedThreadPool
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool(ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue(),
threadFactory);
}
返回了ThreadPoolExecutor对象
- newScheduledThreadPool
public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) {
return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize);
}
返回了ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor对象，那我们再来看看ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor的源码
public class ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
extends ThreadPoolExecutor
implements ScheduledExecutorService {
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor又继承了ThreadPoolExecutor对象
so，没有意外，没有惊喜，还是返回了ThreadPoolExecutor对象
既然每个线程池都返回了ThreadPoolExecutor，貌似好神奇啊，那我们就来看看这是个什么玩意儿，看看到底有多神奇，到底有没有意外，到底有没有惊喜，哈哈……
通过观察ThreadPoolExecutor源码，我们发现：
-
ThreadPoolExecutor继承自AbstractExecutorService
public class ThreadPoolExecutor extends AbstractExecutorService { -
ThreadPoolExecutor提供了四种构造方法
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime,
TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue workQueue) {
this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), defaultHandler);
}
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime,
TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue workQueue,
ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
threadFactory, defaultHandler);
}
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime,
TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue workQueue,
RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), handler);
}
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime,
TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue workQueue,
ThreadFactory threadFactory,
RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
keepAliveTime < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
this.workQueue = workQueue;
this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
this.handler = handler;
}
仔细观察这个四个构造器，我们发现，前三个构造器都是调用第四个构造器来进行初始化的，所以我们要着重研究最后一个构造器，下面解释下一下构造器中各个参数的含义：
-
corePoolSize：核心线程池大小，创建了线程池后，默认情况下，线程池中没有任何线程（注意：是默认情况哦，证明还是其他情况哦），而是等待有任务到来才创建线程去执行任务，当线程池中的线程数目达到corePoolSize后，就会把到达的任务放到缓存队列当中； -
maximumPoolSize:线程池最大线程数，它表示在线程池中最多能创建多少个线程； -
keepAliveTime:表示线程池中的线程没有任务执行时最多保持多久时间会终止。默认，只有当线程池中的线程数大于corePoolSize时，keepAliveTime才会起作用，直到线程池中的线程数不大于corePoolSize，即当线程池中的线程数大于corePoolSize时，如果一个线程空闲的时间达到keepAliveTime，则会终止，直到线程池中的线程数不超过corePoolSize。但是如果调用了allowCoreThreadTimeOut(boolean)方法，在线程池中的线程数不大于corePoolSize时，keepAliveTime参数也会起作用，直到线程池中的线程数为0； -
unit:参数keepAliveTime的时间单位，有7种取值，在TimeUnit类中有7种静态属性：
TimeUnit.DAYS //天
TimeUnit.HOURS //小时
TimeUnit.MINUTES //分钟
TimeUnit.SECONDS //秒
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS //毫秒
TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS //微秒
TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS //纳秒
-workQueue:一个阻塞队列，用来存储等待执行的任务，线程池的排队策略与BlockingQueue有关。
我们回到上面四种线程池源码看看，发现：
newFixedThreadPool使用了LinkedBlockingQueue
newSingleThreadExecutor使用了LinkedBlockingQueue
newCachedThreadPool使用了SynchronousQueue
- threadFactory：这个很好理解，字面意思就可以理解，主要用来创建线程；
-
handler：RejectedExecutionHandler拒绝执行处理程序,当拒绝处理任务时的策略，有以下四种取值：
1.ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy():
private static final RejectedExecutionHandler defaultHandler =
new AbortPolicy();
AbortPolicy()源码：
/**
* A handler for rejected tasks that throws a
* {@code RejectedExecutionException}.
*/
public static class AbortPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
/**
* Creates an {@code AbortPolicy}.
*/
public AbortPolicy() { }
/**
* Always throws RejectedExecutionException.
*
* @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
* @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
* @throws RejectedExecutionException always
*/
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
throw new RejectedExecutionException("Task " + r.toString() +
" rejected from " +
e.toString());
}
}
阅读源码，得出结论:AbortPolicy()会丢弃当前任务并抛出RejectedExecutionException异常
2.ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy()
DiscardPolicy()源码：
/**
* A handler for rejected tasks that silently discards the
* rejected task.
*/
public static class DiscardPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
/**
* Creates a {@code DiscardPolicy}.
*/
public DiscardPolicy() { }
/**
* Does nothing, which has the effect of discarding task r.
*
* @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
* @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
*/
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
}
}
阅读源码，得出结论:DiscardPolicy()会丢弃当前任务但不抛出异常
3.ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy()
DiscardOldestPolicy()源码：
/**
* A handler for rejected tasks that discards the oldest unhandled
* request and then retries {@code execute}, unless the executor
* is shut down, in which case the task is discarded.
*/
public static class DiscardOldestPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
/**
* Creates a {@code DiscardOldestPolicy} for the given executor.
*/
public DiscardOldestPolicy() { }
/**
* Obtains and ignores the next task that the executor
* would otherwise execute, if one is immediately available,
* and then retries execution of task r, unless the executor
* is shut down, in which case task r is instead discarded.
*
* @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
* @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
*/
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
if (!e.isShutdown()) {
e.getQueue().poll();
e.execute(r);
}
}
}
}
再来看看e.getQueue().poll()是干什么的，来上源码：
/**
* Retrieves and removes the head of this queue,
* or returns {@code null} if this queue is empty.
*
* @return the head of this queue, or {@code null} if this queue is empty
*/
E poll();
Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, or returns {@code null} if this queue is empty:如果此队列为空，则检索并删除此队列的头部，或返回{@ code null}
阅读源码，得出结论:DiscardOldestPolicy()会丢弃队列最前面的任务，然后重新尝试执行新任务。简单来说就是：抛弃旧任务，执行新任务
4.ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy()
/**
* A handler for rejected tasks that runs the rejected task
* directly in the calling thread of the {@code execute} method,
* unless the executor has been shut down, in which case the task
* is discarded.
*/
public static class CallerRunsPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
/**
* Creates a {@code CallerRunsPolicy}.
*/
public CallerRunsPolicy() { }
/**
* Executes task r in the caller's thread, unless the executor
* has been shut down, in which case the task is discarded.
*
* @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
* @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
*/
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
if (!e.isShutdown()) {
r.run();
}
}
}
阅读源码，得出结论:CallerRunsPolicy ()会重新添加当前的任务，他会自动重复调用execute()方法
文章开头不久我们发现，ThreadPoolExecutor 继承自AbstractExecutorService，那么我们下篇文章就来扒光它的衣服，看看它真实的样子……