好文章爱分享:https://www.yiibai.com/nginx/lnmp.html
如果需要一些特殊的功能,在包和端口不可用的情况下,也可以从源代码编译来安装nginx。虽然源代码编译安装更灵活,但这种方法对于初学者来说可能很复杂(建议初学者自己使用源代码编译安装来安装nginx)。有关更多信息,请参阅从源构建nginx。
在本文中,主要介绍从源代码安装nginx,这篇教程是基于CentOS7 64bit
系统来安装的,非Centos系统不适用。现在我们就开始吧!
首先更新系统软件源,使用以下命令更新系统 -
[root@localhost ~]# yum update
有关两个命令的一点解释:
yum -y update
- 升级所有包,改变软件设置和系统设置,系统版本内核都升级yum -y upgrade
- 升级所有包,不改变软件设置和系统设置,系统版本升级,内核不改变
依赖包安装
[root@localhost src]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake libtool make cmake
[root@localhost src]# yum -y install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre-devel
源码下载,可官网下载地址:http://nginx.org/en/download.html 下载并上传到服务器(这里选择最新稳定版本:nginx-1.10.3
),如下图所示 -
或直接在服务上执行以下命令下载 -
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@localhost src]# wget -c http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz
解压上面下载的文件 -
[root@localhost src]# tar zxvf nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz
在编译之前还要做一些前期的准备工作,如:依懒包安装,Nginx用户和用户组等。
使用 root 用户身份登录系统,执行以下命令创建新的用户。
[root@localhost src]# groupadd nginx
[root@localhost src]# useradd -g nginx -M nginx
useradd
命令的-M
参数用于不为nginx
建立home
目录
修改/etc/passwd
,使得nginx
用户无法bash登陆(nginx用户后面由/bin/bash
改为/sbin/nologin
),
[root@localhost src]# vi /etc/passwd
然后找到有 nginx 那一行,把它修改为(后面由/bin/bash
改为/sbin/nologin
):
nginx:x:1002:1003::/home/nginx:/sbin/nologin
下面我们进入解压的nginx源码目录:/usr/local/src/
执行以下命令 -
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/nginx*
[root@localhost nginx-1.10.3]# pwd
/usr/local/src/nginx-1.10.3
[root@localhost nginx-1.10.3]#
[root@localhost nginx-1.10.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/run/nginx.pid \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-pcre \
--without-mail_pop3_module \
--without-mail_imap_module \
--without-mail_smtp_module
注意:上面的反斜杠
\
表示换行继续。
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx
指定安装到 /usr/local/nginx
目录下。
上面配置完成后,接下来执行编译 -
[root@localhost nginx-1.10.3]# make
[root@localhost nginx-1.10.3]# make install
... ...
cp conf/nginx.conf '/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.default'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/run' \
|| mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/run'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' \
|| mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/html' \
|| cp -R html '/usr/local/nginx'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' \
|| mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/nginx-1.10.3'
[root@localhost nginx-1.10.3]#
上面编译时间跟你的电脑配置相关,所以可能需要一些等待时间。
查看安装后的程序版本:
[root@localhost nginx-1.10.3]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.10.3
修改Nginx默认端口(可选):
[root@localhost nginx-1.10.3]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
找到 -
... ...
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
... ...
把上面的 80
修改为你想要的端口,如:8080
。
修改配置后验证配置是否合法:
[root@localhost nginx-1.10.3]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
启动Nginx程序、查看进程 -
[root@localhost nginx-1.10.3]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.10.3]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root 29151 1 0 22:01 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx 29152 29151 0 22:01 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 29154 2302 0 22:01 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.10.3]#
nginx停止、重启
未添加nginx服务前对nginx的管理只能通过一下方式管理:
# nginx 管理的几种方式 -
# 启动Nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
# 从容停止Nginx:
kill -QUIT 主进程号 # 如上一步中的 ps 命令输出的 29151,就是 Nginx的主进程号
# 快速停止Nginx:
kill -TERM 主进程号
# 强制停止Nginx:
pkill -9 nginx
# 平滑重启nginx
/usr/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
现在我们来看看安装的Nginx的运行结果,可以简单地使用curl
命令访问localhost测试,结果如下 -
[root@localhost nginx-1.10.3]# curl localhost
Welcome to nginx!
Welcome to nginx!
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.
For online documentation and support please refer to
nginx.org.
Commercial support is available at
nginx.com.
Thank you for using nginx.
[root@localhost nginx-1.10.3]#
或者也可以打开浏览访问目标服务器的IP,在本示例中,服务器的IP地址是:192.168.0.195,所以打开浏览器访问如下结果 -
提示: 如果没有看到以上界面,在确保Nginx启动的前提下,检查SeLinux和防火墙是否已关闭。关闭防火墙命令:
systemctl stop firewalld.service
。
官网地址:php7下载
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@localhost src]# wget -c http://cn2.php.net/distributions/php-7.1.3.tar.gz
解压压缩包:
[root@localhost src]# tar -xzvf php-7.*
[root@localhost src]# cd php-7*
[root@localhost php-7.1.3]# yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel curl-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel freetype-devel libmcrypt-devel
或者常见大部分依懒包安装 -
[root@localhost php-7.1.3]# yum install -y wget gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel perl perl* perl-CPAN libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers png jpeg autoconf gcc cmake make gcc-c++ gcc ladp ldap* ncurses ncurses-devel zlib zlib-devel zlib-static pcre pcre-devel pcre-static openssl openssl-devel perl libtoolt openldap-devel libxml2-devel ntpdate cmake gd* gd2 ImageMagick-devel jpeg jpeg* pcre-dev* fontconfig libpng libxml2 zip unzip gzip
通过 ./configure –help
查看支持的编译配置参数,如下所示 -
[root@localhost php-7.1.3]# ./configure --help
`configure' configures this package to adapt to many kinds of systems.
Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
VAR=VALUE. See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.
Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.
Configuration:
-h, --helpdisplay this help and exit
--help=short display options specific to this package
--help=recursive display the short help of all the included packages
-V, --versiondisplayversion information and exit
-q, --quiet, --silent do not print `checking ...' messages
--cache-file=FILE cache test results inFILE [disabled]
-C, --config-cache alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'
-n, --no-create do not create output files
--srcdir=DIR find the sources inDIR [configure dir or `..']
Installation directories:
--prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
[/usr/local]
--exec-prefix=EPREFIX install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
[PREFIX]
By default, `make install' will install all the files in
`/usr/local/bin', `/usr/local/lib' etc. You can specify
an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' using `--prefix',
for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.
For better control, use the options below.
PHP+Nginx组合的编译配置命令 -
[root@localhost php-7.1.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php7/etc \
--with-config-file-scan-dir=/usr/local/php7/etc/php.d \
--with-mcrypt=/usr/include \
--enable-mysqlnd \
--with-mysqli \
--with-pdo-mysql \
--enable-fpm \
--with-fpm-user=nginx \
--with-fpm-group=nginx \
--with-gd \
--with-iconv \
--with-zlib \
--enable-xml \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--enable-mbregex \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-gd-native-ttf \
--with-openssl \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-sockets \
--with-xmlrpc \
--enable-zip \
--enable-soap \
--without-pear \
--with-gettext \
--enable-session \
--with-curl \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--enable-opcache
# 执行完成后的结果:
Generating files
configure: creating ./config.status
creating main/internal_functions.c
creating main/internal_functions_cli.c
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| License: |
| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this |
| distribution in the file LICENSE. By continuing this installation |
| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement. |
| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |
| the installation process at this point. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
Thank you for using PHP.
config.status: creating php7.spec
config.status: creating main/build-defs.h
config.status: creating scripts/phpize
config.status: creating scripts/man1/phpize.1
config.status: creating scripts/php-config
config.status: creating scripts/man1/php-config.1
config.status: creating sapi/cli/php.1
config.status: creating sapi/fpm/php-fpm.conf
config.status: creating sapi/fpm/www.conf
config.status: creating sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm
config.status: creating sapi/fpm/php-fpm.service
config.status: creating sapi/fpm/php-fpm.8
config.status: creating sapi/fpm/status.html
config.status: creating sapi/cgi/php-cgi.1
config.status: creating ext/phar/phar.1
config.status: creating ext/phar/phar.phar.1
config.status: creating main/php_config.h
config.status: executing default commands
编译 + 安装,编译源码, 如下所示 -
$ make
Generating phar.php
Generating phar.phar
PEAR package PHP_Archive not installed: generated phar will require PHP's phar extension be enabled.
directorytreeiterator.inc
pharcommand.inc
directorygraphiterator.inc
invertedregexiterator.inc
clicommand.inc
phar.inc
Build complete.
Don't forget to run 'make test'.
## 对编译结果进行测试:
[root@localhost php-7.1.3]# make test
## 很遗憾,我这里make test报错了,已反馈php test信息。
## 安装程序至指定目录:
[root@localhost php-7.1.3]# make install
Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php7/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20160303/
Installing PHP CLI binary: /usr/local/php7/bin/
Installing PHP CLI man page: /usr/local/php7/php/man/man1/
Installing PHP FPM binary: /usr/local/php7/sbin/
Installing PHP FPM defconfig: /usr/local/php7/etc/
Installing PHP FPM man page: /usr/local/php7/php/man/man8/
Installing PHP FPM status page: /usr/local/php7/php/php/fpm/
Installing phpdbg binary: /usr/local/php7/bin/
Installing phpdbg man page: /usr/local/php7/php/man/man1/
Installing PHP CGI binary: /usr/local/php7/bin/
Installing PHP CGI man page: /usr/local/php7/php/man/man1/
Installing build environment: /usr/local/php7/lib/php/build/
Installing header files: /usr/local/php7/include/php/
Installing helper programs: /usr/local/php7/bin/
program: phpize
program: php-config
Installing man pages: /usr/local/php7/php/man/man1/
page: phpize.1
page: php-config.1
/usr/local/src/php-7.1.3/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/php7/bin
ln -s -f phar.phar /usr/local/php7/bin/phar
Installing PDO headers: /usr/local/php7/include/php/ext/pdo/
[root@localhost php-7.1.3]#
查看安装成功后的版本信息 -
[root@localhost local]# /usr/local/php7/bin/php -v
PHP 7.1.3 (cli) (built: Apr 13 2017 22:47:30) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2017 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.1.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2017 Zend Technologies
[root@localhost local]#
修改php
配置,查看php加载配置文件路径:
[root@localhost local]# /usr/local/php7/bin/php -i | grep php.ini
Configuration File (php.ini) Path => /usr/local/php7/etc
[root@localhost local]#
php-7.1.3
源码目录下:
[root@localhost local]# ll /usr/local/src/php-7.1.3/ | grep ini
-rw-rw-r--. 1 yiibai yiibai 71063 Mar 14 09:17 php.ini-development
-rw-rw-r--. 1 yiibai yiibai 71095 Mar 14 09:17 php.ini-production
[root@localhost local]#
复制PHP的配置文件,使用以下命令 -
[root@localhost local]# cp /usr/local/src/php-7.1.3/php.ini-production /usr/local/php7/etc/php.ini
## 根据需要对`php.ini`配置进行配置修改,请自行参考官方文档配置 。
[root@localhost local]# /usr/local/php7/bin/php -i | grep php.ini
Configuration File (php.ini) Path => /usr/local/php7/etc
Loaded Configuration File => /usr/local/php7/etc/php.ini
[root@localhost local]#
上面我们在编译php7
的时候,已经将fpm模块编译了,那么接下来,我们要启用php-fpm
。但是默认情况下它的配置文件和服务都没有启用,所以要我们自己来配置,先重命名并移动以下两个文件:
[root@localhost local]# cd /usr/local/php7/etc
[root@localhost etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
[root@localhost etc]# cp php-fpm.d/www.conf.default php-fpm.d/www.conf
php-fpm
的具体配置这里不做深入去详解,因为在编译之前./configure
的时候,我们都已经确定了一些配置,比如运行fpm
的用户和用户组之类的,所以默认配置应该不会存在路径问题和权限问题。
配置php-fpm的服务载入:
就像上面的nginx一样,我们希望使用 service php-fpm start|stop|restart
这些操作来实现服务的重启,但没有像nginx那么复杂,php编译好之后,给我们提供了一个php-fpm
的程序。这个文件放在php编译源码目录中:
[root@localhost local]# cd /usr/local/src/php-7.1.3/sapi/fpm/
## 或直接使用可执行文件: /usr/local/php7/sbin/php-fpm
[root@localhost local]# ls
[root@localhost local]# cp init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost local]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost local]# chkconfig --add php-fpm
[root@localhost local]# chkconfig php-fpm on
通过上面这个操作,我们就可以使用 service php-fpm start
来启用php-fpm
了。用 ps -ef | grep php-fpm
看看进程吧。
[root@localhost fpm]# ps -ef | grep php-fpm
root 108421 1 0 23:19 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf)
nginx 108422 108421 0 23:19 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nginx 108423 108421 0 23:19 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
root 108507 2285 0 23:23 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto php-fpm
[root@localhost fpm]#
这样,PHP环境就安装完成了,接下来我们通过Nginx代理集成PHP7,来实现Nginx+PHP服务。
通过上面的操作,nginx
和php-fpm
服务都已经正常运行起来了,但是php-fpm
只是在127.0.0.1:9000
上提供服务,外网是无法访问的,而且也不可能直接通过php-fpm
给外网提供服务,因此需要使用nginx
去代理9000
端口执行php
。
实际上这个过程只需要对nginx进行配置即可,php-fpm
已经在后台运行了,我们需要在nginx的配置文件中增加代理的规则,即可让用户在访问80
端口,请求php的时候,交由后端的php-fpm
去执行,并返回结果。现在编辑Nginx的配置文件 -
[root@localhost local]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
如果你大致了解过nginx的配置,应该能够很快分辨出这个配置文件里面的结构,并且知道server
块代表一个虚拟主机,要增加虚拟主机就再增加一个server
块,而且这个conf
文件中也给出了例子。那么怎么代理php-fpm
呢?找到:
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /script$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
把前面的#
注释符号去掉,把script
改为$document_root
最终如下:
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
这样就可以了,重新载入nginx
配置即可,使用以下命令 -
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
然后到/usr/local/nginx/html
去写一个php文件:index.php
进行测试,文件:index.php
的代码如下 -
phpinfo();
?>
现在访问目录IP,应该能看到结果如下 -
提示:如果无法打开,可能需要关闭防火墙,使用命令:
systemctl stop firewalld
附完整的Nginx配置(/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
)文件内容:
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.html;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.html;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.html;
# }
#}
}
MySQL5.7在Linux安装有很多种方式,这里为了节省时间和减少文章的篇幅,我们基于系统集成环境安装。当然如果想以编译源代码方式安装的话,可以参考MySQL的官方文档。
在网上找了很多关于Centos7.0
安装MySQL5.7.11
的教程,找到靠谱的还得看运气,嘿嘿。
检测下系统有没有自带的MySQL:yum list installed | grep mysql
,
如果已经有的话执行命令yum -y remove mysql-libs.x86_64
卸载已经安装的MySQL。
先到MySQL官网下载5.7.11的安装包(http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/),download-yum选择RedHat Enterprise Linux 7 / Oracle Linux 7 (Architecture Independent), RPM Package。
也可以直接进入CentOS系统下载安装包:
wget http://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
# 或者
wget http://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
如果新的系统还没有wget
命令的话可以先:yum install wget
,一般都会有安装了wget
命令工具。
[root@localhost src]# yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost src]# yum repolist all | grep mysql
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community enabled: 30
mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community - So disabled
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community enabled: 47
mysql-tools-community-source MySQL Tools Community - Source disabled
mysql55-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.5 Community Server disabled
mysql55-community-source MySQL 5.5 Community Server - So disabled
mysql56-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.6 Community Server disabled
mysql56-community-source MySQL 5.6 Community Server - So disabled
mysql57-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.7 Community Server enabled: 187
mysql57-community-source MySQL 5.7 Community Server - So disabled
把需要安装的启用,其他的禁用。
[root@localhost src]# yum install mysql-community-server
.....
Installing : mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64 4/6
Installing : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64 5/6
Erasing : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 6/6
Verifying : mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64 1/6
Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64 2/6
Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64 3/6
Verifying : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64 4/6
Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64 5/6
Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 6/6
Installed:
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.18-1.el7
mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.18-1.el7
mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.18-1.el7
Dependency Installed:
mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.18-1.el7
mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.18-1.el7
Replaced:
mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7
Complete!
[root@localhost src]#
启动MySQL:
[root@localhost src]# service mysqld start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service
[root@localhost src]# ps -axu|grep mysqld
mysql 2952 15.1 18.2 1127664 182008 ? Sl 05:15 0:01 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
root 2982 0.0 0.0 112648 964 pts/0 R+ 05:15 0:00 grep --color=auto mysqld
[root@localhost src]#
查看root
用户的密码:
[root@localhost src]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
2017-04-16T09:15:17.046285Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: afWrxaqQi0!M
[root@localhost src]#
如上面所示,root
用户的密码为:afWrxaqQi0!M
。现在我们使用上面的密码连接到MySQL数据。
[root@localhost src]# mysql -uroot -p
password:
[root@localhost src]# show databases;
#ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql> ALTER USER root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'Pass@123456';
mysql> flush privileges;
创建一个简单的表:tb_user -
create database test;
use test;
create table tb_user(
id int(10) not null auto_increment primary key,
username varchar(64) default ''
);
insert into tb_user (id,username) values(1, 'maxsu');
insert into tb_user (id,username) values(2, 'minsu');
好了已经可以成功连接了,默认不能远程连接,在使用数据库之前,MySQL服务器要求你必须先修改原密码。另外如果需要开机启动的话,可以自行搜索解决。
PHP5中可以使用 mysql extension
,mysqli
和 PDO_MYSQL
。但是在PHP7中移除了mysql extension
,只剩下后面两种选择。
PHP 提供了三种不同的API去连接mysql数据库。下面的示例代码展示了3种不同连接mysql数据库的方式。
连接方式-1
文件:mysqli.php 代码如下 -
/*
* mysqli
* 数据库地址,登陆账号,密码,数据库名称
*/
$mysqli = new mysqli("127.0.0.1", "root", "Pass@123456", "test");
if($mysqli){
echo 'Connected to MySQL Success.';
}else{
echo 'Connected to MySQL Fail.';
}
echo '
';
$sql = "SELECT * FROM tb_user";
$result = $mysqli->query($sql);
if ($result) {
while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
echo 'Username: '.$row['username']. '
';
}
}
/* free result set */
$result->free();
/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>
将文件:mysqli.php 放到 /usr/local/nginx/html
目录下,打开浏览器访问测试结果如下 -
连接方式-2
文件:pdo.php 代码如下 -
/*
* 第一个参数是mysql:host,第二是dbname,第三个账户名,第四个密码
*/
try {
$pdo = new PDO("mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=test", "root", "Pass@123456");
} catch (PDOException $e) {
echo 'Connection failed: ' . $e->getMessage();
}
$sql = "select * from tb_user";
echo $sql . "
";
$pdo->query('set names utf8;');
$result = $pdo->query($sql);
if($result){
$rows = $result->fetchAll();
foreach ($rows as $row) {
$username = $row[1];
echo 'Username: '.$username.'
';
}
}
将文件:pdo.php 放到 /usr/local/nginx/html
目录下,打开浏览器访问测试结果如下 -