Prometheus配置alertmanager邮件报警

Prometheus监控系统的搭建方式详见：https://blog.csdn.net/w342164796/article/details/104989355。此处只记录关于alertmanager配置邮件报警。

安装alertmanager

alertmanager是Prometheus中的一个独立的告警模块，接受Prometheus发来警报，然后通过分组、删除重复等处理，并将他们通过路由发送给正确的接收器。
alertmanager的安装方式也推荐docker容器部署：

1. 拉取镜像

docker pull prom/alertmanager

2. 创建配置文件alertmanager.yml ; 此文件是alertmanager的配置文件，一会启动容器的时候要把这个文件挂在到容器内
   vim alertmanager.yml

global:
  smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.mxhichina.com:465'       # smtp地址
  smtp_from: '******@163.com'                # 谁发邮件
  smtp_auth_username: '******@163.com'       # 邮箱用户
  smtp_auth_password: 'password'                   # 邮箱密码
  smtp_require_tls: false

route:
  group_by: ["alertname"]            # 分组名
  group_wait: 10s                   # 当收到告警的时候，等待三十秒看是否还有告警，如果有就一起发出去
  group_interval: 10s                # 发送警告间隔时间
  repeat_interval: 1h              # 重复报警的间隔时间
  receiver: mail                    # 全局报警组，这个参数是必选的，和下面报警组名要相同

receivers:
 1. name: 'mail'                      # 报警组名
  email_configs:
 2. to: '******@qq.com'      # 发送给谁

3. 启动容器

docker run -d -p 9093:9093 -v /root/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml:/etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml --name alertmanager prom/alertmanager

4.浏览器访问http:IP::9093 alertmanager后台页面，如果可以正常打开，就代表安装成功了。

Prometheus 配置alertmanager

1. prometheus.yml新增关于alertmanager的配置

global:
  # 全局默认抓取间隔
  scrape_interval: 15s
rule_files:
  - "*rule.yml"
  ########alertmanager新增#######
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets: ['alertmanagerIP:9093']
scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'prometheus'

    # 本任务的抓取间隔，覆盖全局配置
    scrape_interval: 5s

    static_configs:
      # 抓取地址同 Prometheus 服务地址，路径为默认的 /metrics
      - targets: ['localhost:9090']
  # 任务名
  - job_name: 'node-exporter'

    # 本任务的抓取间隔，覆盖全局配置
    scrape_interval: 5s

    static_configs:
      # 抓取地址同 Prometheus 服务地址，路径为默认的 /metrics
      - targets: ['机器1IP:9100','机器2IP:9100','机器3IP:9100']

重启prometheus

docker restart prometheus

配置报警规则

在prometheus.yml同级目录下创建两个报警规则配置文件node-exporter-record-rule.yml，node-exporter-alert-rule.yml。第一个文件用于记录规则，第二个是报警规则。
由于之前我们在prometheus.yml中已经引用了所有已rule结尾的文件，所以我们不用在修改prometheus.yml配置文件。

#关于报警规则的配置
rule_files:
  - "*rule.yml"

创建node-exporter-record-rule.yml

node-exporter-record-rule.yml

输入以下配置

groups:
  - name: node-exporter-record
    rules:
    - expr: up{job=~"node-exporter"}
      record: node_exporter:up
      labels:
        desc: "节点是否在线, 在线1,不在线0"
        unit: " "
        job: "node-exporter"
    - expr: time() - node_boot_time_seconds{}
      record: node_exporter:node_uptime
      labels:
        desc: "节点的运行时间"
        unit: "s"
        job: "node-exporter"
##############################################################################################
#                              cpu                                                           #
    - expr: (1 - avg by (environment,instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node-exporter",mode="idle"}[5m])))  * 100
      record: node_exporter:cpu:total:percent
      labels:
        desc: "节点的cpu总消耗百分比"
        unit: "%"
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: (avg by (environment,instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node-exporter",mode="idle"}[5m])))  * 100
      record: node_exporter:cpu:idle:percent
      labels:
        desc: "节点的cpu idle百分比"
        unit: "%"
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: (avg by (environment,instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node-exporter",mode="iowait"}[5m])))  * 100
      record: node_exporter:cpu:iowait:percent
      labels:
        desc: "节点的cpu iowait百分比"
        unit: "%"
        job: "node-exporter"


    - expr: (avg by (environment,instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node-exporter",mode="system"}[5m])))  * 100
      record: node_exporter:cpu:system:percent
      labels:
        desc: "节点的cpu system百分比"
        unit: "%"
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: (avg by (environment,instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node-exporter",mode="user"}[5m])))  * 100
      record: node_exporter:cpu:user:percent
      labels:
        desc: "节点的cpu user百分比"
        unit: "%"
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: (avg by (environment,instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node-exporter",mode=~"softirq|nice|irq|steal"}[5m])))  * 100
      record: node_exporter:cpu:other:percent
      labels:
        desc: "节点的cpu 其他的百分比"
        unit: "%"
        job: "node-exporter"
##############################################################################################


##############################################################################################
#                                    memory                                                  #
    - expr: node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
      record: node_exporter:memory:total
      labels:
        desc: "节点的内存总量"
        unit: byte
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: node_memory_MemFree_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
      record: node_exporter:memory:free
      labels:
        desc: "节点的剩余内存量"
        unit: byte
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{job="node-exporter"} - node_memory_MemFree_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
      record: node_exporter:memory:used
      labels:
        desc: "节点的已使用内存量"
        unit: byte
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{job="node-exporter"} - node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
      record: node_exporter:memory:actualused
      labels:
        desc: "节点用户实际使用的内存量"
        unit: byte
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: (1-(node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes{job="node-exporter"} / (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{job="node-exporter"})))* 100
      record: node_exporter:memory:used:percent
      labels:
        desc: "节点的内存使用百分比"
        unit: "%"
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: ((node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes{job="node-exporter"} / (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{job="node-exporter"})))* 100
      record: node_exporter:memory:free:percent
      labels:
        desc: "节点的内存剩余百分比"
        unit: "%"
        job: "node-exporter"
##############################################################################################
#                                   load                                                     #
    - expr: sum by (instance) (node_load1{job="node-exporter"})
      record: node_exporter:load:load1
      labels:
        desc: "系统1分钟负载"
        unit: " "
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: sum by (instance) (node_load5{job="node-exporter"})
      record: node_exporter:load:load5
      labels:
        desc: "系统5分钟负载"
        unit: " "
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: sum by (instance) (node_load15{job="node-exporter"})
      record: node_exporter:load:load15
      labels:
        desc: "系统15分钟负载"
        unit: " "
        job: "node-exporter"

##############################################################################################
#                                 disk                                                       #
    - expr: node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node-exporter" ,fstype=~"ext4|xfs"}
      record: node_exporter:disk:usage:total
      labels:
        desc: "节点的磁盘总量"
        unit: byte
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype=~"ext4|xfs"}
      record: node_exporter:disk:usage:free
      labels:
        desc: "节点的磁盘剩余空间"
        unit: byte
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype=~"ext4|xfs"} - node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype=~"ext4|xfs"}
      record: node_exporter:disk:usage:used
      labels:
        desc: "节点的磁盘使用的空间"
        unit: byte
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr:  (1 - node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype=~"ext4|xfs"} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype=~"ext4|xfs"}) * 100
      record: node_exporter:disk:used:percent
      labels:
        desc: "节点的磁盘的使用百分比"
        unit: "%"
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: irate(node_disk_reads_completed_total{job="node-exporter"}[1m])
      record: node_exporter:disk:read:count:rate
      labels:
        desc: "节点的磁盘读取速率"
        unit: "次/秒"
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: irate(node_disk_writes_completed_total{job="node-exporter"}[1m])
      record: node_exporter:disk:write:count:rate
      labels:
        desc: "节点的磁盘写入速率"
        unit: "次/秒"
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: (irate(node_disk_written_bytes_total{job="node-exporter"}[1m]))/1024/1024
      record: node_exporter:disk:read:mb:rate
      labels:
        desc: "节点的设备读取MB速率"
        unit: "MB/s"
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: (irate(node_disk_read_bytes_total{job="node-exporter"}[1m]))/1024/1024
      record: node_exporter:disk:write:mb:rate
      labels:
        desc: "节点的设备写入MB速率"
        unit: "MB/s"
        job: "node-exporter"

##############################################################################################
#                                filesystem                                                  #
    - expr:   (1 -node_filesystem_files_free{job="node-exporter",fstype=~"ext4|xfs"} / node_filesystem_files{job="node-exporter",fstype=~"ext4|xfs"}) * 100
      record: node_exporter:filesystem:used:percent
      labels:
        desc: "节点的inode的剩余可用的百分比"
        unit: "%"
        job: "node-exporter"
#############################################################################################
#                                filefd                                                     #
    - expr: node_filefd_allocated{job="node-exporter"}
      record: node_exporter:filefd_allocated:count
      labels:
        desc: "节点的文件描述符打开个数"
        unit: "%"
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: node_filefd_allocated{job="node-exporter"}/node_filefd_maximum{job="node-exporter"} * 100
      record: node_exporter:filefd_allocated:percent
      labels:
        desc: "节点的文件描述符打开百分比"
        unit: "%"
        job: "node-exporter"

#############################################################################################
#                                network                                                    #
    - expr: avg by (environment,instance,device) (irate(node_network_receive_bytes_total{device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m]))
      record: node_exporter:network:netin:bit:rate
      labels:
        desc: "节点网卡eth0每秒接收的比特数"
        unit: "bit/s"
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: avg by (environment,instance,device) (irate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total{device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m]))
      record: node_exporter:network:netout:bit:rate
      labels:
        desc: "节点网卡eth0每秒发送的比特数"
        unit: "bit/s"
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: avg by (environment,instance,device) (irate(node_network_receive_packets_total{device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m]))
      record: node_exporter:network:netin:packet:rate
      labels:
        desc: "节点网卡每秒接收的数据包个数"
        unit: "个/秒"
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: avg by (environment,instance,device) (irate(node_network_transmit_packets_total{device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m]))
      record: node_exporter:network:netout:packet:rate
      labels:
        desc: "节点网卡发送的数据包个数"
        unit: "个/秒"
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: avg by (environment,instance,device) (irate(node_network_receive_errs_total{device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m]))
      record: node_exporter:network:netin:error:rate
      labels:
        desc: "节点设备驱动器检测到的接收错误包的数量"
        unit: "个/秒"
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: avg by (environment,instance,device) (irate(node_network_transmit_errs_total{device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m]))
      record: node_exporter:network:netout:error:rate
      labels:
        desc: "节点设备驱动器检测到的发送错误包的数量"
        unit: "个/秒"
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: node_tcp_connection_states{job="node-exporter", state="established"}
      record: node_exporter:network:tcp:established:count
      labels:
        desc: "节点当前established的个数"
        unit: "个"
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: node_tcp_connection_states{job="node-exporter", state="time_wait"}
      record: node_exporter:network:tcp:timewait:count
      labels:
        desc: "节点timewait的连接数"
        unit: "个"
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: sum by (environment,instance) (node_tcp_connection_states{job="node-exporter"})
      record: node_exporter:network:tcp:total:count
      labels:
        desc: "节点tcp连接总数"
        unit: "个"
        job: "node-exporter"

#############################################################################################
#                                process                                                    #
    - expr: node_processes_state{state="Z"}
      record: node_exporter:process:zoom:total:count
      labels:
        desc: "节点当前状态为zoom的个数"
        unit: "个"
        job: "node-exporter"
#############################################################################################
#                                other                                                    #
    - expr: abs(node_timex_offset_seconds{job="node-exporter"})
      record: node_exporter:time:offset
      labels:
        desc: "节点的时间偏差"
        unit: "s"
        job: "node-exporter"

#############################################################################################

    - expr: count by (instance) ( count by (instance,cpu) (node_cpu_seconds_total{ mode='system'}) )
      record: node_exporter:cpu:count

创建node-exporter-alert-rule.yml

vim node-exporter-alert-rule.yml

groups:
  - name: node-exporter-alert
    rules:
    - alert: node-exporter-down
      expr: node_exporter:up == 0
      for: 1m
      labels:
        severity: 'critical'
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 宕机了"
        description: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} \n- job: {{ $labels.job }} 关机了， 时间已经1分钟了。"
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"



    - alert: node-exporter-cpu-high
      expr:  node_exporter:cpu:total:percent > 80
      for: 3m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} cpu 使用率高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} \n- job: {{ $labels.job }} CPU使用率已经持续三分钟高过80% 。"
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"

    - alert: node-exporter-cpu-iowait-high
      expr:  node_exporter:cpu:iowait:percent >= 12
      for: 3m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} cpu iowait 使用率高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} \n- job: {{ $labels.job }} cpu iowait使用率已经持续三分钟高过12%"
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"


    - alert: node-exporter-load-load1-high
      expr:  (node_exporter:load:load1) > (node_exporter:cpu:count) * 1.2
      for: 3m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} load1 使用率高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"


    - alert: node-exporter-memory-high
      expr:  node_exporter:memory:used:percent > 85
      for: 3m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} memory 使用率高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"


    - alert: node-exporter-disk-high
      expr:  node_exporter:disk:used:percent > 88
      for: 10m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} disk 使用率高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"


    - alert: node-exporter-disk-read:count-high
      expr:  node_exporter:disk:read:count:rate > 3000
      for: 2m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} iops read 使用率高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"


    - alert: node-exporter-disk-write-count-high
      expr:  node_exporter:disk:write:count:rate > 3000
      for: 2m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} iops write 使用率高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"





    - alert: node-exporter-disk-read-mb-high
      expr:  node_exporter:disk:read:mb:rate > 60
      for: 2m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 读取字节数 高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
        value: "{{ $value }}"


    - alert: node-exporter-disk-write-mb-high
      expr:  node_exporter:disk:write:mb:rate > 60
      for: 2m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 写入字节数 高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"


    - alert: node-exporter-filefd-allocated-percent-high
      expr:  node_exporter:filefd_allocated:percent > 80
      for: 10m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 打开文件描述符 高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"


    - alert: node-exporter-network-netin-error-rate-high
      expr:  node_exporter:network:netin:error:rate > 4
      for: 1m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 包进入的错误速率 高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"

    - alert: node-exporter-network-netin-packet-rate-high
      expr:  node_exporter:network:netin:packet:rate > 35000
      for: 1m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 包进入速率 高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"


    - alert: node-exporter-network-netout-packet-rate-high
      expr:  node_exporter:network:netout:packet:rate > 35000
      for: 1m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 包流出速率 高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"


    - alert: node-exporter-network-tcp-total-count-high
      expr:  node_exporter:network:tcp:total:count > 40000
      for: 1m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} tcp连接数量 高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"


    - alert: node-exporter-process-zoom-total-count-high
      expr:  node_exporter:process:zoom:total:count > 10
      for: 10m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 僵死进程数量 高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"


    - alert: node-exporter-time-offset-high
      expr:  node_exporter:time:offset > 0.03
      for: 2m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} {{ $labels.desc }}  {{ $value }} {{ $labels.unit }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"

重启prometheus

docker restart prometheus

进入prometheus后台页面，点击Alerts,如下图所示 代表正常，

模拟一个报警信息，比如停掉某台机器的node_exporter,过了一会儿 就可以正常收到报警邮件了。
至此，报警工作配置完毕。