用Python写一个走迷宫的小程序（图形化：matplotlib,dfs,prim）
不要脸的放到了Github上面，嘿嘿。
Github：https://github.com/Radium1209/Maze
先看一下动态效果图（慢放）：
所需要的库：
matplotlib
# for Linux
# python 3+
$ sudo apt-get install python3-matplotlib
# python 2+
$ sudo apt-get install python-matplotlib
numpy
# for Linux
# python 3+
$ sudo pip3 install numpy
# python 2+
$ sudo pip install numpy
首先生成迷宫：
主要用了两个算法：Prim和dfs
总结：DFS生成的比较像真正的迷宫，所以默认用了DFS生成迷宫
具体参考：https://blog.csdn.net/juzihongle1/article/details/73135920
先输入n,m,会生成一个迷宫（prim生成），然后会动态的走完整个迷宫。
走迷宫用的是bfs(dfs)算法，具体不多说了，关键难点在于记录路径：
我是用一个path二维数组来记录路径的，每一个位置存的是这个位置的上一个位置，在输出的时候倒着从最后一个点回溯到第一个点存入一个栈，最后正常出栈就是路径了。
画路径：有上，下，左，右，上左，上右，下左，下右，左下，左上，右上，右下12中情况分类讨论（实在是太麻烦了）。
最后用pyinstaller生成exe
教程：https://blog.csdn.net/Radium_1209/article/details/82939368
全部代码（已更新，添加了DFS寻路）：
import random
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.cm as cm
from collections import deque
def show_maze(Maze):
plt.imshow(Maze, cmap=cm.Wistia_r, interpolation='none')
# plt.ion()
plt.show()
def find_path_bfs(image, M):
path = np.zeros((num_rows, num_cols, 2))
vis = np.zeros((num_rows, num_cols))
vis[0][0] = 1
Queue = deque()
Queue.append((0, 0))
while(Queue):
temp = Queue.popleft()
nr = temp[0]
nc = temp[1]
if (nc == num_cols - 1) and (nr == num_rows - 1):
show_path(image, path)
break
if (nc > 0) and (not vis[nr][nc - 1]) and (M[nr][nc][0]):
vis[nr][nc] = 1
Queue.append((nr, nc - 1))
path[nr][nc - 1][0] = nr
path[nr][nc - 1][1] = nc
if (nr > 0) and (not vis[nr - 1][nc]) and (M[nr][nc][1]):
vis[nr][nc] = 1
Queue.append((nr - 1, nc))
path[nr - 1][nc][0] = nr
path[nr - 1][nc][1] = nc
if (nc < num_cols - 1) and (not vis[nr][nc + 1]) and (M[nr][nc][2]):
vis[nr][nc] = 1
Queue.append((nr, nc + 1))
path[nr][nc + 1][0] = nr
path[nr][nc + 1][1] = nc
if (nr < num_rows - 1) and (not vis[nr + 1][nc]) and (M[nr][nc][3]):
vis[nr][nc] = 1
Queue.append((nr + 1, nc))
path[nr + 1][nc][0] = nr
path[nr + 1][nc][1] = nc
def find_path_dfs(image, M):
path = np.zeros((num_rows, num_cols, 2))
vis = np.zeros((num_rows, num_cols))
vis[0][0] = 1
def dfs(pos):
nr = pos[0];
nc = pos[1];
if (nc == num_cols - 1) and (nr == num_rows - 1):
show_path(image, path)
return
if (nc > 0) and (not vis[nr][nc - 1]) and (M[nr][nc][0]):
vis[nr][nc] = 1
path[nr][nc - 1][0] = nr
path[nr][nc - 1][1] = nc
dfs((nr, nc - 1))
vis[nr][nc] = 0
if (nr > 0) and (not vis[nr - 1][nc]) and (M[nr][nc][1]):
vis[nr][nc] = 1
path[nr - 1][nc][0] = nr
path[nr - 1][nc][1] = nc
dfs((nr - 1, nc))
vis[nr][nc] = 0
if (nc < num_cols - 1) and (not vis[nr][nc + 1]) and (M[nr][nc][2]):
vis[nr][nc] = 1
path[nr][nc + 1][0] = nr
path[nr][nc + 1][1] = nc
dfs((nr, nc + 1))
vis[nr][nc] = 0
if (nr < num_rows - 1) and (not vis[nr + 1][nc]) and (M[nr][nc][3]):
path[nr + 1][nc][0] = nr
path[nr + 1][nc][1] = nc
vis[nr][nc] = 1
dfs((nr + 1, nc))
vis[nr][nc] = 0
dfs((0,0))
def Create_maze_dfs():
M = np.zeros((num_rows, num_cols, 5))
image = np.zeros((num_rows * 10, num_cols * 10))
r = 0
c = 0
history = [(r, c)]
while history:
M[r, c, 4] = 1
check = []
if c > 0 and M[r, c - 1, 4] == 0:
check.append('L')
if r > 0 and M[r - 1, c, 4] == 0:
check.append('U')
if c < num_cols - 1 and M[r, c + 1, 4] == 0:
check.append('R')
if r < num_rows - 1 and M[r + 1, c, 4] == 0:
check.append('D')
if len(check):
history.append([r, c])
move_direction = random.choice(check)
if move_direction == 'L':
M[r, c, 0] = 1
c = c - 1
M[r, c, 2] = 1
if move_direction == 'U':
M[r, c, 1] = 1
r = r - 1
M[r, c, 3] = 1
if move_direction == 'R':
M[r, c, 2] = 1
c = c + 1
M[r, c, 0] = 1
if move_direction == 'D':
M[r, c, 3] = 1
r = r + 1
M[r, c, 1] = 1
else:
r, c = history.pop()
M[0, 0, 0] = 1
M[num_rows - 1, num_cols - 1, 2] = 1
for row in range(0, num_rows):
for col in range(0, num_cols):
cell_data = M[row, col]
for i in range(10 * row + 2, 10 * row + 8):
image[i, range(10 * col + 2, 10 * col + 8)] = 255
if cell_data[0] == 1:
image[range(10 * row + 2, 10 * row + 8), 10 * col] = 255
image[range(10 * row + 2, 10 * row + 8), 10 * col + 1] = 255
if cell_data[1] == 1:
image[10 * row, range(10 * col + 2, 10 * col + 8)] = 255
image[10 * row + 1, range(10 * col + 2, 10 * col + 8)] = 255
if cell_data[2] == 1:
image[range(10 * row + 2, 10 * row + 8), 10 * col + 9] = 255
image[range(10 * row + 2, 10 * row + 8), 10 * col + 8] = 255
if cell_data[3] == 1:
image[10 * row + 9, range(10 * col + 2, 10 * col + 8)] = 255
image[10 * row + 8, range(10 * col + 2, 10 * col + 8)] = 255
return M, image
def Create_maze_prim():
M = np.zeros((num_rows, num_cols, 5))
image = np.zeros((num_rows * 10, num_cols * 10))
r = 0
c = 0
history = [(r, c)]
while history:
r, c = random.choice(history)
M[r, c, 4] = 1
history.remove((r, c))
check = []
if c > 0:
if M[r, c - 1, 4] == 1:
check.append('L')
elif M[r, c - 1, 4] == 0:
history.append((r, c - 1))
M[r, c - 1, 4] = 2
if r > 0:
if M[r - 1, c, 4] == 1:
check.append('U')
elif M[r - 1, c, 4] == 0:
history.append((r - 1, c))
M[r - 1, c, 4] = 2
if c < num_cols - 1:
if M[r, c + 1, 4] == 1:
check.append('R')
elif M[r, c + 1, 4] == 0:
history.append((r, c + 1))
M[r, c + 1, 4] = 2
if r < num_rows - 1:
if M[r + 1, c, 4] == 1:
check.append('D')
elif M[r + 1, c, 4] == 0:
history.append((r + 1, c))
M[r + 1, c, 4] = 2
if len(check):
move_direction = random.choice(check)
if move_direction == 'L':
M[r, c, 0] = 1
c = c - 1
M[r, c, 2] = 1
if move_direction == 'U':
M[r, c, 1] = 1
r = r - 1
M[r, c, 3] = 1
if move_direction == 'R':
M[r, c, 2] = 1
c = c + 1
M[r, c, 0] = 1
if move_direction == 'D':
M[r, c, 3] = 1
r = r + 1
M[r, c, 1] = 1
M[0, 0, 0] = 1
M[num_rows - 1, num_cols - 1, 2] = 1
for row in range(0, num_rows):
for col in range(0, num_cols):
cell_data = M[row, col]
for i in range(10 * row + 2, 10 * row + 8):
image[i, range(10 * col + 2, 10 * col + 8)] = 255
if cell_data[0] == 1:
image[range(10 * row + 2, 10 * row + 8), 10 * col] = 255
image[range(10 * row + 2, 10 * row + 8), 10 * col + 1] = 255
if cell_data[1] == 1:
image[10 * row, range(10 * col + 2, 10 * col + 8)] = 255
image[10 * row + 1, range(10 * col + 2, 10 * col + 8)] = 255
if cell_data[2] == 1:
image[range(10 * row + 2, 10 * row + 8), 10 * col + 9] = 255
image[range(10 * row + 2, 10 * row + 8), 10 * col + 8] = 255
if cell_data[3] == 1:
image[10 * row + 9, range(10 * col + 2, 10 * col + 8)] = 255
image[10 * row + 8, range(10 * col + 2, 10 * col + 8)] = 255
return M, image
def show_path(image, path):
plt.imshow(image, cmap=cm.Wistia_r, interpolation='none')
plt.ion()
plt.pause(2)
str = ""
stack = []
nr = num_rows - 1
nc = num_cols - 1
stack.append((nr, nc + 1))
stack.append((nr, nc))
while nr or nc:
tr = nr
tc = nc
nr = (int)(path[tr][tc][0])
nc = (int)(path[tr][tc][1])
stack.append((nr, nc))
# stack.append((num_rows, num_cols))
pr = 0
pc = 0
dir = 2
color_num = 150
while(stack):
temp = stack.pop()
nr = temp[0]
nc = temp[1]
if nr or nc:
if (nr == pr):
if (nc > pc):
# print("R")
if (dir == 2):
image[10 * pr + 4,
range(10 * pc + 0, 10 * pc + 10)] = color_num
image[10 * pr + 5,
range(10 * pc + 0, 10 * pc + 10)] = color_num
elif (dir == 1):
image[10 * pr + 4,
range(10 * pc + 4, 10 * pc + 10)] = color_num
image[10 * pr + 5,
range(10 * pc + 4, 10 * pc + 10)] = color_num
image[range(10 * pr + 4, 10 * pr + 10),
10 * pc + 4] = color_num
image[range(10 * pr + 4, 10 * pr + 10),
10 * pc + 5] = color_num
elif (dir == 3):
image[10 * pr + 4,
range(10 * pc + 4, 10 * pc + 10)] = color_num
image[10 * pr + 5,
range(10 * pc + 4, 10 * pc + 10)] = color_num
image[range(10 * pr + 0, 10 * pr + 6),
10 * pc + 4] = color_num
image[range(10 * pr + 0, 10 * pr + 6),
10 * pc + 5] = color_num
dir = 2
else:
# print("L")
if (dir == 0):
image[10 * pr + 4,
range(10 * pc + 0, 10 * pc + 10)] = color_num
image[10 * pr + 5,
range(10 * pc + 0, 10 * pc + 10)] = color_num
elif (dir == 1):
image[10 * pr + 4,
range(10 * pc + 0, 10 * pc + 6)] = color_num
image[10 * pr + 5,
range(10 * pc + 0, 10 * pc + 6)] = color_num
image[range(10 * pr + 4, 10 * pr + 10),
10 * pc + 4] = color_num
image[range(10 * pr + 4, 10 * pr + 10),
10 * pc + 5] = color_num
elif (dir == 3):
image[10 * pr + 4,
range(10 * pc + 0, 10 * pc + 6)] = color_num
image[10 * pr + 5,
range(10 * pc + 0, 10 * pc + 6)] = color_num
image[range(10 * pr + 0, 10 * pr + 6),
10 * pc + 4] = color_num
image[range(10 * pr + 0, 10 * pr + 6),
10 * pc + 5] = color_num
dir = 0
elif (nc == pc):
if (nr > pr):
# print("D")
if (dir == 3):
image[range(10 * pr + 0, 10 * pr + 10),
10 * pc + 4] = color_num
image[range(10 * pr + 0, 10 * pr + 10),
10 * pc + 5] = color_num
elif (dir == 0):
image[10 * pr + 4,
range(10 * pc + 4, 10 * pc + 10)] = color_num
image[10 * pr + 5,
range(10 * pc + 4, 10 * pc + 10)] = color_num
image[range(10 * pr + 4, 10 * pr + 10),
10 * pc + 4] = color_num
image[range(10 * pr + 4, 10 * pr + 10),
10 * pc + 5] = color_num
elif (dir == 2):
image[10 * pr + 4,
range(10 * pc + 0, 10 * pc + 6)] = color_num
image[10 * pr + 5,
range(10 * pc + 0, 10 * pc + 6)] = color_num
image[range(10 * pr + 4, 10 * pr + 10),
10 * pc + 4] = color_num
image[range(10 * pr + 4, 10 * pr + 10),
10 * pc + 5] = color_num
dir = 3
else:
# print("U")
if (dir == 1):
image[range(10 * pr + 0, 10 * pr + 10),
10 * pc + 4] = color_num
image[range(10 * pr + 0, 10 * pr + 10),
10 * pc + 5] = color_num
elif (dir == 0):
image[10 * pr + 4,
range(10 * pc + 4, 10 * pc + 10)] = color_num
image[10 * pr + 5,
range(10 * pc + 4, 10 * pc + 10)] = color_num
image[range(10 * pr + 0, 10 * pr + 6),
10 * pc + 4] = color_num
image[range(10 * pr + 0, 10 * pr + 6),
10 * pc + 5] = color_num
elif (dir == 2):
image[10 * pr + 4,
range(10 * pc + 0, 10 * pc + 6)] = color_num
image[10 * pr + 5,
range(10 * pc + 0, 10 * pc + 6)] = color_num
image[range(10 * pr + 0, 10 * pr + 6),
10 * pc + 4] = color_num
image[range(10 * pr + 0, 10 * pr + 6),
10 * pc + 5] = color_num
dir = 1
pr = nr
pc = nc
plt.clf()
plt.imshow(image, cmap=cm.Wistia_r, interpolation='none')
# plt.ion()
if (stack):
plt.ion()
plt.pause(0.03 / (num_cols * num_rows / 100))
else:
plt.ioff()
plt.show()
# plt.pause(1000)
if __name__ == '__main__':
num_rows = int(input("Please input rows: "))
num_cols = int(input("Please input columns: "))
path = np.zeros((num_rows, num_cols, 2))
M = np.zeros((num_rows, num_cols, 5))
image = np.zeros((num_rows * 10, num_cols * 10))
# row_image = np.zeros((num_rows * 10, num_cols * 10))
# M, image = Create_maze_prim()
M, image = Create_maze_dfs()
# show_maze(image)
# find_path_bfs(image, M)
find_path_dfs(image, M)
# show_path(image, path)