influxdb基础---influx参数和命令

基于新版本 v1.6.2，centOS

CLI使用HTTPAPI通过8086（默认的，可以在配置文件中修改）端口与influxDB直接交互，influx命令在所有influxDB的包中都默认包含

注意：在InfluxDB当中，并没有表（table）这个概念，取而代之的是MEASUREMENTS，MEASUREMENTS的功能与传统数据库中的表一致，因此我们也可以将MEASUREMENTS称为InfluxDB中的表

启动influx

influx命令在/usr/bin/influx

[root@test25 ~]# find / -name influx
/usr/bin/influx
[root@test25 ~]# 

启动influxd

• service influxdb start
• influxd

[root@test25 ~]# service influxdb start
[root@test25 ~]# 

influx参数

[root@test25 ~]# influx --help
Usage of influx:
  -version
       Display the version and exit.
  -host 'host name'
       Host to connect to.
  -port 'port #'
       Port to connect to.
  -socket 'unix domain socket'
       Unix socket to connect to.
  -database 'database name'
       Database to connect to the server.
  -password 'password'
      Password to connect to the server.  Leaving blank will prompt for password (--password '').
  -username 'username'
       Username to connect to the server.
  -ssl
        Use https for requests.
  -unsafeSsl
        Set this when connecting to the cluster using https and not use SSL verification.
  -execute 'command'
       Execute command and quit.
  -format 'json|csv|column'
       Format specifies the format of the server responses:  json, csv, or column.
  -precision 'rfc3339|h|m|s|ms|u|ns'
       Precision specifies the format of the timestamp:  rfc3339, h, m, s, ms, u or ns.
  -consistency 'any|one|quorum|all'
       Set write consistency level: any, one, quorum, or all
  -pretty
       Turns on pretty print for the json format.
  -import
       Import a previous database export from file
  -pps
       How many points per second the import will allow.  By default it is zero and will not throttle importing.
  -path
       Path to file to import
  -compressed
       Set to true if the import file is compressed

Examples:

    # Use influx in a non-interactive mode to query the database "metrics" and pretty print json:
    $ influx -database 'metrics' -execute 'select * from cpu' -format 'json' -pretty

    # Connect to a specific database on startup and set database context:
    $ influx -database 'metrics' -host 'localhost' -port '8086'
[root@test25 ~]#

参数	描述
-version	显示版本号并退出
-host ‘host name’	连接到远程主机
-port ‘port #’	连接远程主机端口
-socket ‘unix domain socket’	连接unix套接字
-database ‘database name’	连接到服务器的数据库
-password ‘password’	连接到服务器的密码
-username ‘username’	连接到服务器的用户名
-ssl	使用https请求
-unsafeSsl	使用https连接到集群时，不要使用SSL验证。
-execute ‘command’	执行命令并退出
-format ‘json|csv|column’	格式指定了服务器响应的格式：json、csv或column.默认是column
-precision ‘rfc3339|h|m|s|ms|u|ns’	指定时间戳的格式精度: rfc3339 (YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.nnnnnnnnnZ), h (hours), m (minutes), s (seconds), ms (milliseconds), u (microseconds), ns (nanoseconds)..
-consistency ‘any|one|quorum|all’	设置写一致性级别: any, one, quorum, or all
-pretty	打开美化json打印
-import	导入备份的数据库文件
-pps	导入允许每秒多少个点。默认情况下，它是零，不会限制进口
-path	import的文件路径
-compressed	如果导入文件被压缩，则设置为true

给出一些demo

• 显示版本 -version

[root@test25 ~]# influx -version
InfluxDB shell version: 1.6.2

连接指定主机 -host

[root@test25 ~]# influx -host localhost
Connected to http://localhost:8086 version 1.6.1
InfluxDB shell version: 1.6.2
> quit

用使用端口连接主机 -port

[root@test25 ~]# influx -host localhost -port 8086
Connected to http://localhost:8086 version 1.6.1
InfluxDB shell version: 1.6.2
> quit

连接指定数据库 -database

[root@test25 ~]# influx -host localhost -port 8086 -database mydb
Connected to http://localhost:8086 version 1.6.1
InfluxDB shell version: 1.6.2
> quit

使用指定的用户名和密码(添加用户见下面) -password -username

[root@test25 ~]# influx -host localhost -port 8086 -database mydb -username 'yueling' -password '123456'
Connected to http://localhost:8086 version 1.6.1
InfluxDB shell version: 1.6.2
> 

添加用户：yueling和管理员用户lingyue

[root@test25 ~]# influx -database 'mydb' -host 'localhost' -port '8086'
Connected to http://localhost:8086 version 1.6.1
InfluxDB shell version: 1.6.2
> show users
user admin
---- -----
> create user "yueling" with password '123456'
> create user "lingyue" with password '123456' with all privileges
> show users
user    admin
----    -----
yueling false
lingyue true
> 

执行命令并返回 -execute

[root@test25 ~]# influx -host localhost -port 8086 -database mydb -username 'yueling' -password '123456' -execute 'select * from cpu_load_short'
name: cpu_load_short
time                direction host     region  value
----                --------- ----     ------  -----
1422568543702900257 in        server01 us-west 2
1422568543702900257           server02 us-west 0.55
1434055562000000000           server01 us-west 0.64
1536579271011551389           server02         0.67
[root@test25 ~]# 

指定返回格式 -format

[root@test25 ~]# influx -host localhost -port 8086 -database mydb -username 'yueling' -password '123456' -execute 'select * from cpu_load_short' -format json
{"results":[{"series":[{"name":"cpu_load_short","columns":["time","direction","host","region","value"],"values":[[1422568543702900257,"in","server01","us-west",2],[1422568543702900257,null,"server02","us-west",0.55],[1434055562000000000,null,"server01","us-west",0.64],[1536579271011551389,null,"server02",null,0.67]]}]}]}

[root@test25 ~]# influx -host localhost -port 8086 -database mydb -format json 
Connected to http://localhost:8086 version 1.6.1
InfluxDB shell version: 1.6.2
> use mydb
Using database mydb
> select * from cpu_load_short
{"results":[{"series":[{"name":"cpu_load_short","columns":["time","direction","host","region","value"],"values":[[1422568543702900257,"in","server01","us-west",2],[1422568543702900257,null,"server02","us-west",0.55],[1434055562000000000,null,"server01","us-west",0.64],[1536579271011551389,null,"server02",null,0.67]]}]}]}
> 

时间戳精度 -precision

[root@test25 ~]# influx -host localhost -port 8086 -database mydb -username 'yueling' -password '123456' -execute 'select * from cpu_load_short' -format column -precision ms
name: cpu_load_short
time          direction host     region  value
----          --------- ----     ------  -----
1422568543702 in        server01 us-west 2
1422568543702           server02 us-west 0.55
1434055562000           server01 us-west 0.64
1536579271011           server02         0.67

使用json美化输出 -pretty

[root@test25 ~]# influx -host localhost -port 8086 -database mydb -username 'yueling' -password '123456' -execute 'select * from cpu_load_short' -format json
 -pretty
{
    "results": [
        {
            "series": [
                {
                    "name": "cpu_load_short",
                    "columns": [
                        "time",
                        "direction",
                        "host",
                        "region",
                        "value"
                    ],
                    "values": [
                        [
                            1422568543702900257,
                            "in",
                            "server01",
                            "us-west",
                            2
                        ],
                        [
                            1422568543702900257,
                            null,
                            "server02",
                            "us-west",
                            0.55
                        ],
                        [
                            1434055562000000000,
                            null,
                            "server01",
                            "us-west",
                            0.64
                        ],
                        [
                            1536579271011551389,
                            null,
                            "server02",
                            null,
                            0.67
                        ]
                    ]
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}

使用文件导入数据 -import

• 导入的文件包含两个章节
  
  • DDL：Data Definition Language
  • DML：Data Manipulation Language

注意文件里的时间戳，自己试验的时候记得修改使符合规则 比如当前时间戳 date +’%s’

[root@test25 ~]# cat dataarr.txt 
# DDL
CREATE DATABASE pirates
CREATE RETENTION POLICY oneday ON pirates DURATION 1d REPLICATION 1

# DML
# CONTEXT-DATABASE: pirates
# CONTEXT-RETENTION-POLICY: oneday

treasures,captain_id=dread_pirate_roberts value=801 1536658695
treasures,captain_id=flint value=29 1536658695
[root@test25 ~]#
[root@test25 ~]# influx -import -path=dataarr.txt -precision=s
2018/09/11 17:40:39 Processed 2 commands
2018/09/11 17:40:39 Processed 2 inserts
2018/09/11 17:40:39 Failed 0 inserts
[root@test25 ~]#

如果是压缩的文件 要配合 -compressed

[root@test25 ~]# gzip dataarr.txt
[root@test25 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  dataarr.txt.gz 
……

[root@test25 ~]# influx -import -path=dataarr.txt.gz -precision=s -compressed
2018/09/11 17:50:47 Processed 2 commands
2018/09/11 17:50:47 Processed 2 inserts
2018/09/11 17:50:47 Failed 0 inserts
[root@test25 ~]#

influx命令

[root@test25 ~]# influx
Connected to http://localhost:8086 version 1.6.1
InfluxDB shell version: 1.6.2
> 

查看influx内部命令用法

> help
Usage:
        connect    connects to another node specified by host:port
        auth                  prompts for username and password
        pretty                toggles pretty print for the json format
        chunked               turns on chunked responses from server
        chunk size      sets the size of the chunked responses.  Set to 0 to reset to the default chunked size
        use          sets current database
        format <format>       specifies the format of the server responses: json, csv, or column
        precision <format>    specifies the format of the timestamp: rfc3339, h, m, s, ms, u or ns
        consistency    sets write consistency level: any, one, quorum, or all
        history               displays command history
        settings              outputs the current settings for the shell
        clear                 clears settings such as database or retention policy.  run 'clear' for help
        exit/quit/ctrl+d      quits the influx shell

        show databases        show database names
        show series           show series information
        show measurements     show measurement information
        show tag keys         show tag key information
        show field keys       show field key information

        A full list of influxql commands can be found at:
        https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/latest/query_language/spec/
> 

命令	描述
connect	通过host:port连接指定服务器
auth	提示输入用户名和密码
pretty	开启/关闭美化json输出
chunked	开启/关闭服务器响应
chunk size	设置服务器响应的大小，设置为0则重置返回大小
use	切换数据库
format	指定输出格式: json, csv, or column（默认是column，当然启动的时候可以用-format指定）
precision	时间戳精度: rfc3339 (YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.nnnnnnnnnZ), h (hours), m (minutes), s (seconds), ms (milliseconds), u (microseconds), ns (nanoseconds)
consistency	设置并发级别: any, one, quorum, or all
history	显示执行命令历史，类似linux的history
settings	输出当前的设置项
clear	清除数据库设置或者保留策略 clear [ database | db | retention policy | rp ]
exit/quit/ctrl+d	退出influx
show databases	显示所有数据库的名称
show series	显示所有series信息
show measurements	显示所有指标信息，相当于表
show tag keys	显示所有tag信息
show field keys	显示所有field信息
insert	写入数据insert into

influx命令的一些示例

• 连接服务器、认证 connect和auth

[root@test25 ~]# influx -database 'mydb' -host 'localhost' -port '8086'
Connected to http://localhost:8086 version 1.6.1
InfluxDB shell version: 1.6.2
> connect localhost:8086
> auth
username: lingyue
password: 
> 

• 显示设置 settings

> settings
Setting           Value
--------          --------
Host              localhost:8086
Username          
Database          mydb
RetentionPolicy   
Pretty            false
Format            column
Write Consistency all
Chunked           true
Chunk Size        0

• 显示数据 show databases

> show databases
name: databases
name
----
jmeter
_internal
test
mydb
pirates

• 切换database use databaseName

> use mydb
Using database mydb

• 显示指标 show measurements

> show measurements
name: measurements
name
----
cpu_load_short

• 显示tag

> show tag keys
name: cpu_load_short
tagKey
------
direction
host
region

• 显示series

> show series
key
---
cpu_load_short,direction=in,host=server01,region=us-west
cpu_load_short,host=server01,region=us-west
cpu_load_short,host=server02
cpu_load_short,host=server02,region=us-west

• 显示filed

> show field keys
name: cpu_load_short
fieldKey fieldType
-------- ---------
value    float

• 指定输出格式

> format json
> show databases
{"results":[{"series":[{"name":"databases","columns":["name"],"values":[["jmeter"],["_internal"],["test"],["mydb"],["pirates"]]}]}]}

• 格式化json输出

> pretty
Pretty print enabled
> show databases
{
    "results": [
        {
            "series": [
                {
                    "name": "databases",
                    "columns": [
                        "name"
                    ],
                    "values": [
                        [
                            "jmeter"
                        ],
                        [
                            "_internal"
                        ],
                        [
                            "test"
                        ],
                        [
                            "mydb"
                        ],
                        [
                            "pirates"
                        ]
                    ]
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}

• 显示执行命令历史 history

> history
create database test
show databases
……
format json
show databases
pretty
show databases
> 

• insert
  InfluxDB中没有显式的新建表的语句，只能通过insert数据的方式来建立新表
  增加数据采用insert的方式，要注意的是 InfluxDB的insert中，表名与数据之间用逗号（,）分隔，tag和field之间用 空格分隔，多个tag或者多个field之间用逗号（,）分隔

> INSERT treasures,captain_id=pirate_king value=2
> SHOW RETENTION POLICIES ON mydb
name    duration shardGroupDuration replicaN default
----    -------- ------------------ -------- -------
autogen 0s       168h0m0s           1        true
> INSERT INTO autogen treasures,captain_id=pirate_king value=2
> 

• select 查询数据
  和sql结构一致

> select * from cpu_load_short
name: cpu_load_short
time                direction host     region  value
----                --------- ----     ------  -----
1422568543702900257 in        server01 us-west 2
1422568543702900257           server02 us-west 0.55
1434055562000000000           server01 us-west 0.64
1536579271011551389           server02         0.67
> 

• drop 删除measurement和database

> show databases
name: databases
name
----
jmeter
_internal
test
mydb
pirates
> use test
Using database test
> show measurements
name: measurements
name
----
disk_free
> drop measurement disk_free
> show measurements
> drop database test
> show databases
name: databases
name
----
jmeter
_internal
mydb
pirates
>