python接口测试之Http请求（三）

python的强大之处在于提供了很多的标准库，这些标准库可以直接调用，本节部分，重点学习和总结在

接口测试中Python的Http请求的库的学习。

    首先来看httplib，官方的解释为：本模块定义了类实现客户端的 HTTP 和 HTTPS 协议。它通常不能直接

使用 — — 模块 urllib 用于处理使用 HTTP 和 HTTPS 的 Url。使用httplib来做一个简单的对百度的请求,看

这样的一个实现过程，见实现的代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8

import  httplib

def getBaidu():
    '''对百度发送一个GET请求'''
    http_client=httplib.HTTPConnection('baidu.com',80,timeout=20)
    http_client.request('GET','')
    r=http_client.getresponse()
    print  r.status
    print r.read()

getBaidu()

 

这里我们详细的来看r提供了那些方法，见输出的结果：

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8

import  httplib

def getBaidu():
    '''对百度发送一个GET请求'''
    http_client=httplib.HTTPConnection('baidu.com',80,timeout=20)
    http_client.request('GET','')
    r=http_client.getresponse()
    print dir(r)

getBaidu()

 

C:\Python27\python.exe D:/git/Python/bookDay/api/http/httplipTest.py
['__doc__', '__init__', '__module__', '_check_close', '_method', '_read_chunked', '_read_status', '_safe_read', 'begin', 'chunk_left', 'chunked', 'close', 'debuglevel', 'fileno', 'fp', 'getheader', 'getheaders', 'isclosed', 'length', 'msg', 'read', 'reason', 'status', 'strict', 'version', 'will_close']

Process finished with exit code 0

 

使用dir(r)方法可以看到调用的方法，如我们想看到请求百度这样的一个GET请求，到底返回的status code是多少，

是否OK，响应内容是什么，headers是什么，见实现的代码和输出的内容：

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8

import  httplib

def getBaidu():
    '''对百度发送一个GET请求'''
    http_client=httplib.HTTPConnection('www.baidu.com',80,timeout=20)
    http_client.request('GET','/')
    r=http_client.getresponse()
    print u'状态的状态码:\n',r.status
    print u'是否请求Ok：\n',r.reason
    print u'header是多少:\n',r.getheaders()
    print u'Response消息结构:\n',r.msg
    print u'响应内容:\n',r.read()

getBaidu()

 

 

见输出的结果内容：

C:\Python27\python.exe D:/git/Python/bookDay/api/http/httplipTest.py
状态的状态码:
200
是否请求Ok：
OK
header是多少:
[('content-length', '14613'), ('set-cookie', 'BAIDUID=5BE300935709382ADC6AFA01D08E1959:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com, BIDUPSID=5BE300935709382ADC6AFA01D08E1959; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com, PSTM=1481724972; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com'), ('accept-ranges', 'bytes'), ('vary', 'Accept-Encoding'), ('server', 'BWS/1.1'), ('last-modified', 'Mon, 12 Dec 2016 06:09:00 GMT'), ('connection', 'Keep-Alive'), ('x-ua-compatible', 'IE=Edge,chrome=1'), ('pragma', 'no-cache'), ('cache-control', 'no-cache'), ('date', 'Wed, 14 Dec 2016 14:16:12 GMT'), ('p3p', 'CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "'), ('content-type', 'text/html')]
Response消息结构:
Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2016 14:16:12 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 14613
Last-Modified: Mon, 12 Dec 2016 06:09:00 GMT
Connection: Keep-Alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Set-Cookie: BAIDUID=5BE300935709382ADC6AFA01D08E1959:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
Set-Cookie: BIDUPSID=5BE300935709382ADC6AFA01D08E1959; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
Set-Cookie: PSTM=1481724972; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
P3P: CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "
Server: BWS/1.1
X-UA-Compatible: IE=Edge,chrome=1
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-control: no-cache
Accept-Ranges: bytes

响应内容:



    "content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
    "X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge">
    "dns-prefetch" href="//s1.bdstatic.com"/>
    "dns-prefetch" href="//t1.baidu.com"/>
    "dns-prefetch" href="//t2.baidu.com"/>
    "dns-prefetch" href="//t3.baidu.com"/>
    "dns-prefetch" href="//t10.baidu.com"/>
    "dns-prefetch" href="//t11.baidu.com"/>
    "dns-prefetch" href="//t12.baidu.com"/>
    "dns-prefetch" href="//b1.bdstatic.com"/>
    
    "http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/static/home/css/index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    
    
    
    
    
    

"#0000cc">
"wrapper" style="display:none;">
"u">"//www.baidu.com/gaoji/preferences.html"  οnmοusedοwn="return user_c({'fm':'set','tab':'setting','login':'0'})">搜索设置|"btop" href="/"  οnmοusedοwn="return user_c({'fm':'set','tab':'index','login':'0'})">百度首页|"lb" href="https://passport.baidu.com/v2/?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2F" οnclick="return false;"  οnmοusedοwn="return user_c({'fm':'set','tab':'login'})">登录"https://passport.baidu.com/v2/?reg®Type=1&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2F"  οnmοusedοwn="return user_c({'fm':'set','tab':'reg'})" target="_blank" class="reg">注册
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class="s_tab" id="s_tab">"http://news.baidu.com/ns?cl=2&rn=20&tn=news&word=" wdfield="word"  οnmοusedοwn="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'news'})">新闻　网页　贴吧　知道　音乐　图片　视频　地图　文库　更多»
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Process finished with exit code 0

 

     下来来看urllib2的库，看官方的解释：urllib2 定义了很多函数和类，这些函数和类能够帮助我们在复杂的情况下获取URLS内容。

复杂情况— 基本的和深入的验证, 重定向, cookies 等等.和如上一样，我们使用urllib2来实现对百度的请求，见GET请求的代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8


import  urllib
import  urllib2

def get_baidu():
    r=urllib2.urlopen('http://www.baidu.com')
    print u'Response code:\n',r.getcode(),r.msg
    print u'headers:\n',r.headers

get_baidu()

 

见输出结果的内容：

C:\Python27\python.exe D:/git/Python/bookDay/api/http/httplipTest.py
Response code:
200 OK
headers:
Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2016 14:52:28 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Set-Cookie: BAIDUID=55980CB92E6F9F88BF0FF2B73E8607D4:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
Set-Cookie: BIDUPSID=55980CB92E6F9F88BF0FF2B73E8607D4; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
Set-Cookie: PSTM=1481727148; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
Set-Cookie: BDSVRTM=0; path=/
Set-Cookie: BD_HOME=0; path=/
Set-Cookie: H_PS_PSSID=1429_21422_21120_21553_21408_20927; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
P3P: CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "
Cache-Control: private
Cxy_all: baidu+435ac15289339958b4bcff45cd341d25
Expires: Wed, 14 Dec 2016 14:51:52 GMT
X-Powered-By: HPHP
Server: BWS/1.1
X-UA-Compatible: IE=Edge,chrome=1
BDPAGETYPE: 1
BDQID: 0xfc9210c000017b10
BDUSERID: 0
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Proxy-Connection: Close

 

下面使用urllib2实现一个POST的请求过程，见实现的代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8


import  urllib
import  urllib2

def get_baidu():
    r=urllib2.urlopen('http://www.baidu.com')
    print u'Response code:\n',r.getcode(),r.msg
    print u'headers:\n',r.headers


def post_cun():
    params=urllib.urlencode({'cityId':'438'})
    r=urllib2.urlopen('http://m.cyw.com/index.php?m=api&c=cookie&a=setcity',params)
    print r.getcode(),r.msg
    print r.read()


post_cun()

 

 见输出结果的json内容：

C:\Python27\python.exe D:/git/Python/bookDay/api/http/httplipTest.py
200 OK
{"status":true,"homeUrl":"\/xian"}

 转载地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/weke/articles/6181483.html