微信扫码登录超详细教程
一、OAuth2
1、OAuth2介绍
2、OAuth2解决什么问题
（1）OAuth2提出的背景
照片拥有者想要在云冲印服务上打印照片，云冲印服务需要访问云存储服务上的资源。
（2）图例
资源拥有者：照片拥有者
客户应用：云冲印
受保护的资源：照片
3、方式一：用户名密码复制
适用于同一公司内部的多个系统，不适用于不受信的第三方应用
4、方式二：通用开发者key
适用于合作商或者授信的不同业务部门之间
5、方式三：办法令牌
接近OAuth2方式，需要考虑如何管理令牌、颁发令牌、吊销令牌，需要统一的协议，因此就有了OAuth2协议
二、微信扫码登录实现流程
1、基本流程介绍
2、微信扫码登录具体实现
项目目录结构
application.yml
wx:
open:
# 微信开放平台 appid
appid: wxed9954c01bb897
# 微信开放平台 appsecret
appsecret: a7482517235173ddb788de60b90e
# 微信开放平台 重定向url（guli.shop需要在微信开放平台配置）
redirecturl: http://guli.shop/api/ucenter/wx/callback
ConstantWxUtils
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "wx.open")
@Component
@Data
public class ConstantWxUtils {
private String appId;
private String appSecret;
private String redirectUrl;
}
WxApiController
@Controller
@CrossOrigin
@RequestMapping("/api/ucenter/wx")
public class WxApiController {
@Autowired
private ConstantWxUtils constantWxUtils;
@Autowired
private UcenterMemberService ucenterMemberService;
//1.生成微信二维码
@GetMapping("/login")
public String getWxCode(){
String baseUrl = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/qrconnect"+
"?appid=%s"+
"&redirect_uri=%s"+
"&response_type=%s"+
"&scope=snsapi_login"+
"&state=%s"+
"#wechat_redirect";
//对redict_url进行编码
String redictUrl = constantWxUtils.getRedirectUrl();
try {
URLEncoder.encode(redictUrl,"utf-8");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
String url = String.format(baseUrl,
constantWxUtils.getAppId(),
redictUrl,
"code",
"coderkun");
//请求微信地址
return "redirect:"+url;
}
//2.获取扫描人信息，获取票据
@GetMapping("/callback")
public String callback(String code, String state){
try {
//1 获取code值，临时票据，类似于验证码
//2 拿着code,appid和appSecret请求 微信固定的地址，得到两个值 accsess_token 和 openid
String baseAccessTokenUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token" +
"?appid=%s" +
"&secret=%s" +
"&code=%s" +
"&grant_type=authorization_code";
//拼接三个参数 ：id 秘钥 和 code值
String accessTokenUrl = String.format(
baseAccessTokenUrl,
constantWxUtils.getAppId(),
constantWxUtils.getAppSecret(),
code
);
//请求这个拼接好的地址，得到返回两个值 accsess_token 和 openid
//使用httpclient发送请求，得到返回结果
String accessTokenInfo = HttpClientUtils.get(accessTokenUrl);
//从accessTokenInfo字符串获取出来两个值 accsess_token 和 openid
//把accessTokenInfo字符串转换map集合，根据map里面key获取对应值
//使用json转换工具 Gson
Gson gson = new Gson();
HashMap mapAccessToken = gson.fromJson(accessTokenInfo, HashMap.class);
String access_token = (String)mapAccessToken.get("access_token");
String openid = (String)mapAccessToken.get("openid");
//把扫描人信息添加数据库里面
//判断数据表里面是否存在相同微信信息，根据openid判断
UcenterMember member = ucenterMemberService.getOpenIdMember(openid);
if(member == null) {//memeber是空，表没有相同微信数据，进行添加
//3 拿着得到accsess_token 和 openid，再去请求微信提供固定的地址，获取到扫描人信息
//访问微信的资源服务器，获取用户信息
String baseUserInfoUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo" +
"?access_token=%s" +
"&openid=%s";
//拼接两个参数
String userInfoUrl = String.format(
baseUserInfoUrl,
access_token,
openid
);
//发送请求
String userInfo = HttpClientUtils.get(userInfoUrl);
//获取返回userinfo字符串扫描人信息
HashMap userInfoMap = gson.fromJson(userInfo, HashMap.class);
String nickname = (String)userInfoMap.get("nickname");//昵称
String headimgurl = (String)userInfoMap.get("headimgurl");//头像
member = new UcenterMember();
member.setOpenid(openid);
member.setNickname(nickname);
member.setAvatar(headimgurl);
ucenterMemberService.save(member);
}
//使用jwt根据member对象生成token字符串
String jwtToken = JwtUtils.getJwtToken(member.getId(), member.getNickname());
//最后：返回首页面，通过路径传递token字符串(不能直接设置到cookie中，因为cookie不能解决跨域问题)
return "redirect:http://localhost:3000?token="+jwtToken;
}catch(Exception e) {
throw new GuliException(20001,"登录失败");
}
}
}
WxApiServiceImpl
//根据openid查询用户
@Override
public UcenterMember getOpenIdMember(String openid) {
QueryWrapper<UcenterMember> wrapper = new QueryWrapper<>();
wrapper.eq("open_id",openid);
UcenterMember member = baseMapper.selectOne(wrapper);
return member;
}
微信扫码登录之后在主页显示用户信息(微信昵称和头像)
export default {
data() {
return {
token:'',
loginInfo: {
id: '',
age: '',
avatar: '',
mobile: '',
nickname: '',
sex: ''
}
}
},
created() {
//获取路径里面token值
this.token = this.$route.query.token
console.log(this.token)
if(this.token) {//判断路径是否有token值
this.wxLogin()
}
//如果路径中没有token值则走之前
this.showInfo()
},
methods:{
//微信登录显示的方法
wxLogin() {
//console.log('************'+this.token)
//把token值放到cookie里面
cookie.set('user_token',this.token,{domain: 'localhost'})
cookie.set('user_info','',{domain: 'localhost'}) //先设置用户信息为空
//console.log('====='+cookie.get('guli_token'))
//调用接口，根据token值获取用户信息
loginApi.getLoginUserInfo()
.then(response => {
// console.log('################'+response.data.data.userInfo)
this.loginInfo = response.data.data.userInfo
cookie.set('user_info',this.loginInfo,{domain: 'localhost'})
})
},
//创建方法，从cookie获取用户信息
showInfo() {
//从cookie获取用户信息
var userStr = cookie.get('user_info')
// 把字符串转换json对象(js对象)
if(userStr) {
this.loginInfo = JSON.parse(userStr)
}
},
//退出
logout() {
//清空cookie值
cookie.set('user_token','',{domain: 'localhost'})
cookie.set('user_info','',{domain: 'localhost'})
//回到首页面
window.location.href = "/";
}
}
};
</script>
最后附上HttpClient的一个工具类
package com.young.serviceusercenter.util;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig.Builder;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContextBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustStrategy;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.X509HostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* 依赖的jar包有：commons-lang-2.6.jar、httpclient-4.3.2.jar、httpcore-4.3.1.jar、commons-io-2.4.jar
* @author zhaoyb
*
*/
public class HttpClientUtils {
public static final int connTimeout=10000;
public static final int readTimeout=10000;
public static final String charset="UTF-8";
private static HttpClient client = null;
static {
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
cm.setMaxTotal(128);
cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(128);
client = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(cm).build();
}
public static String postParameters(String url, String parameterStr) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception{
return post(url,parameterStr,"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",charset,connTimeout,readTimeout);
}
public static String postParameters(String url, String parameterStr,String charset, Integer connTimeout, Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception{
return post(url,parameterStr,"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",charset,connTimeout,readTimeout);
}
public static String postParameters(String url, Map<String, String> params) throws ConnectTimeoutException,
SocketTimeoutException, Exception {
return postForm(url, params, null, connTimeout, readTimeout);
}
public static String postParameters(String url, Map<String, String> params, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException,
SocketTimeoutException, Exception {
return postForm(url, params, null, connTimeout, readTimeout);
}
public static String get(String url) throws Exception {
return get(url, charset, null, null);
}
public static String get(String url, String charset) throws Exception {
return get(url, charset, connTimeout, readTimeout);
}
/**
* 发送一个 Post 请求, 使用指定的字符集编码.
*
* @param url
* @param body RequestBody
* @param mimeType 例如 application/xml "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" a=1&b=2&c=3
* @param charset 编码
* @param connTimeout 建立链接超时时间,毫秒.
* @param readTimeout 响应超时时间,毫秒.
* @return ResponseBody, 使用指定的字符集编码.
* @throws ConnectTimeoutException 建立链接超时异常
* @throws SocketTimeoutException 响应超时
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String post(String url, String body, String mimeType,String charset, Integer connTimeout, Integer readTimeout)
throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception {
HttpClient client = null;
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
String result = "";
try {
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(body)) {
HttpEntity entity = new StringEntity(body, ContentType.create(mimeType, charset));
post.setEntity(entity);
}
// 设置参数
Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom();
if (connTimeout != null) {
customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout);
}
if (readTimeout != null) {
customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout);
}
post.setConfig(customReqConf.build());
HttpResponse res;
if (url.startsWith("https")) {
// 执行 Https 请求.
client = createSSLInsecureClient();
res = client.execute(post);
} else {
// 执行 Http 请求.
client = HttpClientUtils.client;
res = client.execute(post);
}
result = IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), charset);
} finally {
post.releaseConnection();
if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null&& client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) {
((CloseableHttpClient) client).close();
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* 提交form表单
*
* @param url
* @param params
* @param connTimeout
* @param readTimeout
* @return
* @throws ConnectTimeoutException
* @throws SocketTimeoutException
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String postForm(String url, Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException,
SocketTimeoutException, Exception {
HttpClient client = null;
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
try {
if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
List<NameValuePair> formParams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
Set<Entry<String, String>> entrySet = params.entrySet();
for (Entry<String, String> entry : entrySet) {
formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
}
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formParams, Consts.UTF_8);
post.setEntity(entity);
}
if (headers != null && !headers.isEmpty()) {
for (Entry<String, String> entry : headers.entrySet()) {
post.addHeader(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
}
// 设置参数
Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom();
if (connTimeout != null) {
customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout);
}
if (readTimeout != null) {
customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout);
}
post.setConfig(customReqConf.build());
HttpResponse res = null;
if (url.startsWith("https")) {
// 执行 Https 请求.
client = createSSLInsecureClient();
res = client.execute(post);
} else {
// 执行 Http 请求.
client = HttpClientUtils.client;
res = client.execute(post);
}
return IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), "UTF-8");
} finally {
post.releaseConnection();
if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null
&& client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) {
((CloseableHttpClient) client).close();
}
}
}
/**
* 发送一个 GET 请求
*
* @param url
* @param charset
* @param connTimeout 建立链接超时时间,毫秒.
* @param readTimeout 响应超时时间,毫秒.
* @return
* @throws ConnectTimeoutException 建立链接超时
* @throws SocketTimeoutException 响应超时
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String get(String url, String charset, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout)
throws ConnectTimeoutException,SocketTimeoutException, Exception {
HttpClient client = null;
HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);
String result = "";
try {
// 设置参数
Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom();
if (connTimeout != null) {
customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout);
}
if (readTimeout != null) {
customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout);
}
get.setConfig(customReqConf.build());
HttpResponse res = null;
if (url.startsWith("https")) {
// 执行 Https 请求.
client = createSSLInsecureClient();
res = client.execute(get);
} else {
// 执行 Http 请求.
client = HttpClientUtils.client;
res = client.execute(get);
}
result = IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), charset);
} finally {
get.releaseConnection();
if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null && client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) {
((CloseableHttpClient) client).close();
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* 从 response 里获取 charset
*
* @param ressponse
* @return
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
private static String getCharsetFromResponse(HttpResponse ressponse) {
// Content-Type:text/html; charset=GBK
if (ressponse.getEntity() != null && ressponse.getEntity().getContentType() != null && ressponse.getEntity().getContentType().getValue() != null) {
String contentType = ressponse.getEntity().getContentType().getValue();
if (contentType.contains("charset=")) {
return contentType.substring(contentType.indexOf("charset=") + 8);
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* 创建 SSL连接
* @return
* @throws GeneralSecurityException
*/
private static CloseableHttpClient createSSLInsecureClient() throws GeneralSecurityException {
try {
SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustStrategy() {
public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,String authType) throws CertificateException {
return true;
}
}).build();
SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, new X509HostnameVerifier() {
@Override
public boolean verify(String arg0, SSLSession arg1) {
return true;
}
@Override
public void verify(String host, SSLSocket ssl)
throws IOException {
}
@Override
public void verify(String host, X509Certificate cert)
throws SSLException {
}
@Override
public void verify(String host, String[] cns,
String[] subjectAlts) throws SSLException {
}
});
return HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
} catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
throw e;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
String str= post("https://localhost:443/ssl/test.shtml","name=12&page=34","application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "UTF-8", 10000, 10000);
//String str= get("https://localhost:443/ssl/test.shtml?name=12&page=34","GBK");
/*Map map = new HashMap();
map.put("name", "111");
map.put("page", "222");
String str= postForm("https://localhost:443/ssl/test.shtml",map,null, 10000, 10000);*/
System.out.println(str);
} catch (ConnectTimeoutException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
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