先上代码。suse linux上pthread_attr_init,man(3)上面的例子:
#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
#define _GNU_SOURCE /* To get pthread_getattr_np() declaration */
#endif
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define handle_error_en(en, msg) \
do { errno = en; perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0)
static void
display_pthread_attr(pthread_attr_t *attr1, char *prefix)
{
int s, i;
size_t v;
void *stkaddr;
struct sched_param sp;
pthread_attr_t *attr = new pthread_attr_t;
pthread_attr_init(attr);
s = pthread_attr_getdetachstate(attr, &i);
if (s != 0)
handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_getdetachstate");
printf("%sDetach state = %s\n", prefix,
(i == PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED) ? "PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED" :
(i == PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE) ? "PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE" :
"???");
s = pthread_attr_getscope(attr, &i);
if (s != 0)
handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_getscope");
printf("%sScope = %s\n", prefix,
(i == PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM) ? "PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM" :
(i == PTHREAD_SCOPE_PROCESS) ? "PTHREAD_SCOPE_PROCESS" :
"???");
s = pthread_attr_getinheritsched(attr, &i);
if (s != 0)
handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_getinheritsched");
printf("%sInherit scheduler = %s\n", prefix,
(i == PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED) ? "PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED" :
(i == PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED) ? "PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED" :
"???");
s = pthread_attr_getschedpolicy(attr, &i);
if (s != 0)
handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_getschedpolicy");
printf("%sScheduling policy = %s\n", prefix,
(i == SCHED_OTHER) ? "SCHED_OTHER" :
(i == SCHED_FIFO) ? "SCHED_FIFO" :
(i == SCHED_RR) ? "SCHED_RR" :
"???");
s = pthread_attr_getschedparam(attr, &sp);
if (s != 0)
handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_getschedparam");
printf("%sScheduling priority = %d\n", prefix, sp.sched_priority);
s = pthread_attr_getguardsize(attr, &v);
if (s != 0)
handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_getguardsize");
printf("%sGuard size = %d bytes\n", prefix, v);
s = pthread_attr_getstack(attr, &stkaddr, &v);
if (s != 0)
handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_getstack");
printf("%sStack address = %p\n", prefix, stkaddr);
printf("%sStack size = 0x%x bytes\n", prefix, v);
}
static void * thread_start(void *arg)
{
int s;
pthread_attr_t gattr;
/* pthread_getattr_np() is a non-standard GNU extension that
retrieves the attributes of the thread specified in its
first argument */
s = pthread_getattr_np(pthread_self(), &gattr);
if (s != 0)
handle_error_en(s, "pthread_getattr_np");
printf("Thread attributes:\n");
display_pthread_attr(&gattr, "\t");
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); /* Terminate all threads */
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
pthread_t thr;
pthread_attr_t attr;
pthread_attr_t *attrp; /* NULL or &attr */
int s;
attrp = NULL;
/* If a command-line argument was supplied, use it to set the
stack-size attribute and set a few other thread attributes,
and set attrp pointing to thread attributes object */
if (argc > 1) {
int stack_size;
void *sp;
attrp = &attr;
s = pthread_attr_init(&attr);
if (s != 0)
handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_init");
s = pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
if (s != 0)
handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_setdetachstate");
s = pthread_attr_setinheritsched(&attr, PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED);
if (s != 0)
handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_setinheritsched");
stack_size = strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 0);
s = posix_memalign(&sp, sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE), stack_size);
if (s != 0)
handle_error_en(s, "posix_memalign");
printf("posix_memalign() allocated at %p\n", sp);
s = pthread_attr_setstack(&attr, sp, stack_size);
if (s != 0)
handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_setstack");
}
s = pthread_create(&thr, attrp, &thread_start, NULL);
if (s != 0)
handle_error_en(s, "pthread_create");
if (attrp != NULL) {
s = pthread_attr_destroy(attrp);
if (s != 0)
handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_destroy");
}
pause(); /* Terminates when other thread calls exit() */
}
运行结果:
linux:/home/hsl/pthread # ulimit -s
8192
linux:/home/hsl/pthread # ./pattr.r
Thread attributes:
Detach state = PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE
Scope = PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM
Inherit scheduler = PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED
Scheduling policy = SCHED_OTHER
Scheduling priority = 0
Guard size = 4096 bytes
Stack address = 0x7f8ac216e000
Stack size = 0x801000 bytes
linux:/home/hsl/pthread # ./pattr.r 0x30000000
posix_memalign() allocated at 0x7fe07d5e2000
Thread attributes:
Detach state = PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED
Scope = PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM
Inherit scheduler = PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED
Scheduling policy = SCHED_OTHER
Scheduling priority = 0
Guard size = 0 bytes
Stack address = 0x7fe07d5e2000
Stack size = 0x30000000 bytes
平时使用pthread_create()来创建的线程,其中的pthread_attr_t *attr参数一般来说使用NULL,也就是ptread_create()使用默认值来创建线程已经能满足大部分的使用。
pthread_attr_t这个结构,suse linux中位于/usr/include/bits/pthreadtypes.h这个文件中,不同的pthreads实现版本具体位置可能不太一样,具体结构内容也不一样。但是其实我们不需要了解这个结构具体是什么样子的,因为所有的属性值的设置或获取都由特定函数完成。
在使用pthread_attr_t结构的变量之前,需要进行初始化,使用之后,也需要销毁:
int pthread_attr_init(pthread_attr_t *attr);
int pthread_attr_destroy(pthread_attr_t *attr);
根据函数名字,基本上就可以大概看出这个函数是干嘛的了。
* Detach state : PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE 或是 PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED;
该属性表示线程是否与同进程中的其他线程进行关联、同步。 int pthread_attr_setdetachstate(pthread_attr_t *attr, int detachstate);
int pthread_attr_getdetachstate(pthread_attr_t *attr, int *detachstate);
pthread_attr_setdetachstate()调用后,detachstate被设置到attr中去。
int pthread_attr_setscope(pthread_attr_t *attr, int scope);
int pthread_attr_getscope(pthread_attr_t *attr, int *scope);
* Inherit scheduler : PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED 或是 PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED
该属性决定了线程的调度参数是从创建的进程中继承,或是由SchedPolicy和SchedParam属性确定。 int pthread_attr_setinheritsched(pthread_attr_t *attr, int inheritsched);
int pthread_attr_getinheritsched(pthread_attr_t *attr, int *inheritsched);
*Scheduling policy : SCHED_FIFO, SCHED_RR, 以及 SCHED_OTHER
当Inherit scheduler属性为PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED时,本属性决定了新线程的调度策略。 int pthread_attr_setschedpolicy(pthread_attr_t *attr, int policy);
int pthread_attr_getschedpolicy(pthread_attr_t *attr, int *policy);
*Scheduling priority: 优先级值
该属性实际就是线程的优先级。当Inherit scheduler属性为PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED时,本属性有效。 int pthread_attr_setschedparam(pthread_attr_t *attr, const struct sched_param *param);
int pthread_attr_getschedparam(pthread_attr_t *attr, struct sched_param *param);
所用系统支持的优先级最大最小值可以使用如下函数查询:
int sched_get_priority_max(int policy);
int sched_get_priority_min(int policy);
这两个函数的参数为:SCHED_FIFO, SCHED_RR, 以及 SCHED_OTHER。不同的调度策略优先级最大最小值可能不一样。
int pthread_attr_setguardsize(pthread_attr_t *attr, size_t guardsize);
int pthread_attr_getguardsize(pthread_attr_t *attr, size_t *guardsize);
*Stack address : 动态分配的栈地址及栈大小
该属性设置新线程所用栈的栈地址以及栈大小。当进程的栈地址空间不够使用时,可以使用动态分配出来的内存空间作为新创建线程的栈空间。使用本属性后,栈保护区大小属性失效。 int pthread_attr_setstack(pthread_attr_t *attr, void *stackaddr, size_t stacksize);
int pthread_attr_getstack(pthread_attr_t *attr, void **stackaddr, size_t *stacksize);
*Stack size :栈大小
int pthread_attr_setstacksize(pthread_attr_t *attr, size_t stacksize);
int pthread_attr_getstacksize(pthread_attr_t *attr, size_t *stacksize);