【LeetCode】数据库练习题

LeetCode上面公开的几道SQL题结果，欢迎大家讨论。

（https://leetcode-cn.com/problemset/database/）

 

175. 组合两个表【简单】

表1:Person（Id 是主键）

+-------------+---------+
| 列名         | 类型     |
+-------------+---------+
| PersonId    | int     |
| FirstName   | varchar |
| LastName    | varchar |
+-------------+---------+

表2: Address（AddressId 是主键）

+-------------+---------+
| 列名         | 类型    |     
+-------------+---------+
| AddressId   | int     |
| PersonId    | int     |
| City        | varchar |
| State       | varchar |
+-------------+---------+

编写一个 SQL 查询，满足条件：无论 person 是否有地址信息，都需要基于上述两表提供 person 的以下信息：

FirstName, LastName, City, State

select p.firstname, p.lastname, a.city, a.state
from person p left join address a
on p.personid = a.personid

这里需要注意的是，select后字段最好加上表名，我第一遍没加表名，运行超时了。

 

176. 第二高的薪水【简单】

 

编写一个 SQL 查询，获取 Employee 表中第二高的薪水（Salary） 。

+----+--------+
| Id | Salary |
+----+--------+
| 1  | 100    |
| 2  | 200    |
| 3  | 300    |
+----+--------+

例如上述 Employee 表，SQL查询应该返回 200 作为第二高的薪水。如果不存在第二高的薪水，那么查询应返回 null。

+---------------------+
| SecondHighestSalary |
+---------------------+
| 200                 |
+---------------------+

select ifnull
((select distinct salary from employee order by salary desc limit 1 offset 1), null)
SecondHighestSalary 

select max(a.salary) SecondHighestSalary from employee a
where 1 = (select count(distinct(b.salary)) from employee b where b.salary > a.salary)

select max(salary) SecondHighestSalary 
from employee 
where salary not in
(select max(salary) from employee)

这里需要注意的是，当没有第二高的薪水时，要返回null，ifnull就是起的这样的作用。

 

177. 第N高的薪水【中等】

编写一个 SQL 查询，获取 Employee 表中第 n 高的薪水（Salary）。

+----+--------+
| Id | Salary |
+----+--------+
| 1  | 100    |
| 2  | 200    |
| 3  | 300    |
+----+--------+

例如上述 Employee 表，n = 2 时，应返回第二高的薪水 200。如果不存在第 n 高的薪水，那么查询应返回 null。

+------------------------+
| getNthHighestSalary(2) |
+------------------------+
| 200                    |
+------------------------+

CREATE FUNCTION getNthHighestSalary(N INT) RETURNS INT
BEGIN
  set N = N - 1;
  RETURN (
      # Write your MySQL query statement below.
      (select distinct salary from employee group by Salary order by salary desc limit 1 offset N)
  );
END


CREATE FUNCTION getNthHighestSalary(N INT) RETURNS INT
BEGIN
  RETURN (
      # Write your MySQL query statement below.
      select max(salary) from employee a
      where N - 1 = (
            select count(distinct(b.salary)) from employee b where b.salary > a.salary
      )
  );
END

 

178. 分数排名【中等】

编写一个 SQL 查询来实现分数排名。如果两个分数相同，则两个分数排名（Rank）相同。请注意，平分后的下一个名次应该是下一个连续的整数值。换句话说，名次之间不应该有“间隔”。

+----+-------+
| Id | Score |
+----+-------+
| 1  | 3.50  |
| 2  | 3.65  |
| 3  | 4.00  |
| 4  | 3.85  |
| 5  | 4.00  |
| 6  | 3.65  |
+----+-------+

例如，根据上述给定的 Scores 表，你的查询应该返回（按分数从高到低排列）：

+-------+------+
| Score | Rank |
+-------+------+
| 4.00  | 1    |
| 4.00  | 1    |
| 3.85  | 2    |
| 3.65  | 3    |
| 3.65  | 3    |
| 3.50  | 4    |
+-------+------+

select score,
(select count(distinct score) from scores where score >= s.score) rank
from scores s order by score desc

select a.score, count(distinct(b.score)) rank
from scores a join scores b
on a.score <= b.score
group by a.id
order by a.score desc

 

180. 连续出现的数字【中等】

编写一个 SQL 查询，查找所有至少连续出现三次的数字。

+----+-----+
| Id | Num |
+----+-----+
| 1  |  1  |
| 2  |  1  |
| 3  |  1  |
| 4  |  2  |
| 5  |  1  |
| 6  |  2  |
| 7  |  2  |
+----+-----+

例如，给定上面的 Logs 表， 1 是唯一连续出现至少三次的数字。

+-----------------+
| ConsecutiveNums |
+-----------------+
| 1               |
+-----------------+

select distinct a.num ConsecutiveNums
from logs a
left join logs b on a.id = b.id-1
left join logs c on b.id = c.id-1
where a.num = b.num and b.num = c.num

这里需要注意的是，我用from..where连接了三张表，运行超时了

 

181. 超过经理收入的员工【简单】

Employee 表包含所有员工，他们的经理也属于员工。每个员工都有一个 Id，此外还有一列对应员工的经理的 Id。

+----+-------+--------+-----------+
| Id | Name  | Salary | ManagerId |
+----+-------+--------+-----------+
| 1  | Joe   | 70000  | 3         |
| 2  | Henry | 80000  | 4         |
| 3  | Sam   | 60000  | NULL      |
| 4  | Max   | 90000  | NULL      |
+----+-------+--------+-----------+

给定 Employee 表，编写一个 SQL 查询，该查询可以获取收入超过他们经理的员工的姓名。在上面的表格中，Joe 是唯一一个收入超过他的经理的员工。

+----------+
| Employee |
+----------+
| Joe      |
+----------+

select a.name employee
from employee a join employee b
on a.managerid = b.id
where a.salary > b.salary

select a.name employee from employee a
where a.salary > (select salary from employee where id=a.managerid)

 

182. 查找重复的电子邮箱【简单】

编写一个 SQL 查询，查找 Person 表中所有重复的电子邮箱。

示例：

+----+---------+
| Id | Email   |
+----+---------+
| 1  | [email protected] |
| 2  | [email protected] |
| 3  | [email protected] |
+----+---------+

根据以上输入，你的查询应返回以下结果：

+---------+
| Email   |
+---------+
| [email protected] |
+---------+

select email from person group by email having count(email) > 1

 

183. 从不订购的客户【简单】

某网站包含两个表，Customers 表和 Orders 表。编写一个 SQL 查询，找出所有从不订购任何东西的客户。

Customers 表：

+----+-------+
| Id | Name  |
+----+-------+
| 1  | Joe   |
| 2  | Henry |
| 3  | Sam   |
| 4  | Max   |
+----+-------+

Orders 表：

+----+------------+
| Id | CustomerId |
+----+------------+
| 1  | 3          |
| 2  | 1          |
+----+------------+

例如给定上述表格，你的查询应返回：

+-----------+
| Customers |
+-----------+
| Henry     |
| Max       |
+-----------+

select name customers
from customers
where id not in (select distinct(customerid) from orders)

select c.name customers
from customers c left join orders o
on c.id = o.customerid
where o.customerid is null

 

184. 部门工资最高的员工【中等】

Employee 表包含所有员工信息，每个员工有其对应的 Id, salary 和 department Id。

+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name  | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1  | Joe   | 70000  | 1            |
| 2  | Henry | 80000  | 2            |
| 3  | Sam   | 60000  | 2            |
| 4  | Max   | 90000  | 1            |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+

Department 表包含公司所有部门的信息。

+----+----------+
| Id | Name     |
+----+----------+
| 1  | IT       |
| 2  | Sales    |
+----+----------+

编写一个 SQL 查询，找出每个部门工资最高的员工。例如，根据上述给定的表格，Max 在 IT 部门有最高工资，Henry 在 Sales 部门有最高工资。

+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT         | Max      | 90000  |
| Sales      | Henry    | 80000  |
+------------+----------+--------+

select d.name department, e.name employee, e.salary
from employee e join department d
on e.departmentid = d.id
where e.salary = (select max(salary) from employee where departmentid = e.departmentid)

select d.name department, e.name employee, e.salary
from employee e, department d, (select max(salary) salary, departmentid from employee group by departmentid) m
where e.departmentid = d.id and e.salary = m.salary and e.departmentid = m.departmentid

 

196. 删除重复的电子邮箱【简单】

编写一个 SQL 查询，来删除 Person 表中所有重复的电子邮箱，重复的邮箱里只保留 Id 最小 的那个。

+----+------------------+
| Id | Email            |
+----+------------------+
| 1  | [email protected] |
| 2  | [email protected]  |
| 3  | [email protected] |
+----+------------------+
Id 是这个表的主键。

例如，在运行你的查询语句之后，上面的 Person 表应返回以下几行:

+----+------------------+
| Id | Email            |
+----+------------------+
| 1  | [email protected] |
| 2  | [email protected]  |
+----+------------------+

delete b
from person a join person b
on a.email = b.email and a.id < b.id

1）找出所有重复的电子邮箱，需要判断出所有重复的电子邮箱，即p1.Email = p2.Email
2）删除Id大的重复邮箱，需要判断重复邮箱中Id较大的：p1.Id > p2.Id

 

197. 上升的温度【简单】

给定一个 Weather 表，编写一个 SQL 查询，来查找与之前（昨天的）日期相比温度更高的所有日期的 Id。

+---------+------------------+------------------+
| Id(INT) | RecordDate(DATE) | Temperature(INT) |
+---------+------------------+------------------+
|       1 |       2015-01-01 |               10 |
|       2 |       2015-01-02 |               25 |
|       3 |       2015-01-03 |               20 |
|       4 |       2015-01-04 |               30 |
+---------+------------------+------------------+

例如，根据上述给定的 Weather 表格，返回如下 Id:

+----+
| Id |
+----+
|  2 |
|  4 |
+----+

select a.id
from weather a join weather b
on a.temperature > b.temperature 
where datediff(a.RecordDate, b.RecordDate) = 1

 

262. 行程和用户【困难】

Trips 表中存所有出租车的行程信息。每段行程有唯一键 Id，Client_Id 和 Driver_Id 是 Users 表中 Users_Id 的外键。Status 是枚举类型，枚举成员为 (‘completed’, ‘cancelled_by_driver’, ‘cancelled_by_client’)。

+----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+
| Id | Client_Id | Driver_Id | City_Id |        Status      |Request_at|
+----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+
| 1  |     1     |    10     |    1    |     completed      |2013-10-01|
| 2  |     2     |    11     |    1    | cancelled_by_driver|2013-10-01|
| 3  |     3     |    12     |    6    |     completed      |2013-10-01|
| 4  |     4     |    13     |    6    | cancelled_by_client|2013-10-01|
| 5  |     1     |    10     |    1    |     completed      |2013-10-02|
| 6  |     2     |    11     |    6    |     completed      |2013-10-02|
| 7  |     3     |    12     |    6    |     completed      |2013-10-02|
| 8  |     2     |    12     |    12   |     completed      |2013-10-03|
| 9  |     3     |    10     |    12   |     completed      |2013-10-03| 
| 10 |     4     |    13     |    12   | cancelled_by_driver|2013-10-03|
+----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+

Users 表存所有用户。每个用户有唯一键 Users_Id。Banned 表示这个用户是否被禁止，Role 则是一个表示（‘client’, ‘driver’, ‘partner’）的枚举类型。

+----------+--------+--------+
| Users_Id | Banned |  Role  |
+----------+--------+--------+
|    1     |   No   | client |
|    2     |   Yes  | client |
|    3     |   No   | client |
|    4     |   No   | client |
|    10    |   No   | driver |
|    11    |   No   | driver |
|    12    |   No   | driver |
|    13    |   No   | driver |
+----------+--------+--------+

写一段 SQL 语句查出 2013年10月1日 至 2013年10月3日 期间非禁止用户的取消率。基于上表，你的 SQL 语句应返回如下结果，取消率（Cancellation Rate）保留两位小数。

+------------+-------------------+
|     Day    | Cancellation Rate |
+------------+-------------------+
| 2013-10-01 |       0.33        |
| 2013-10-02 |       0.00        |
| 2013-10-03 |       0.50        |
+------------+-------------------+

select t.request_at day, (round((count(case when t.status like 'cancelled%' then 1 end)/count(t.status)),2)) 'cancellation rate'
from trips t join users u
on t.client_id = u.users_id
where u.banned = 'no'
and t.request_at between '2013-10-01' and '2013-10-03'
group by t.request_at
order by t.request_at

 

595. 大的国家【简单】

 

这里有张 World 表

+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| name            | continent  | area       | population   | gdp           |
+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| Afghanistan     | Asia       | 652230     | 25500100     | 20343000      |
| Albania         | Europe     | 28748      | 2831741      | 12960000      |
| Algeria         | Africa     | 2381741    | 37100000     | 188681000     |
| Andorra         | Europe     | 468        | 78115        | 3712000       |
| Angola          | Africa     | 1246700    | 20609294     | 100990000     |
+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------+

如果一个国家的面积超过300万平方公里，或者人口超过2500万，那么这个国家就是大国家。

编写一个SQL查询，输出表中所有大国家的名称、人口和面积。

例如，根据上表，我们应该输出:

+--------------+-------------+--------------+
| name         | population  | area         |
+--------------+-------------+--------------+
| Afghanistan  | 25500100    | 652230       |
| Algeria      | 37100000    | 2381741      |
+--------------+-------------+--------------+

select name, population, area
from world
where area>3000000 or population>25000000

 

596. 超过5名学生的课【简单】

 

有一个courses 表 ，有: student (学生) 和 class (课程)。

请列出所有超过或等于5名学生的课。

例如,表:

+---------+------------+
| student | class      |
+---------+------------+
| A       | Math       |
| B       | English    |
| C       | Math       |
| D       | Biology    |
| E       | Math       |
| F       | Computer   |
| G       | Math       |
| H       | Math       |
| I       | Math       |
+---------+------------+

应该输出:

+---------+
| class   |
+---------+
| Math    |
+---------+

Note:
学生在每个课中不应被重复计算。

select class
from courses
group by class
having count(distinct(student))>4

 

601. 体育馆的人流量【困难】

 

X 市建了一个新的体育馆，每日人流量信息被记录在这三列信息中：序号 (id)、日期 (date)、 人流量 (people)。

请编写一个查询语句，找出高峰期时段，要求连续三天及以上，并且每天人流量均不少于100。

例如，表 stadium：

+------+------------+-----------+
| id   | date       | people    |
+------+------------+-----------+
| 1    | 2017-01-01 | 10        |
| 2    | 2017-01-02 | 109       |
| 3    | 2017-01-03 | 150       |
| 4    | 2017-01-04 | 99        |
| 5    | 2017-01-05 | 145       |
| 6    | 2017-01-06 | 1455      |
| 7    | 2017-01-07 | 199       |
| 8    | 2017-01-08 | 188       |
+------+------------+-----------+

对于上面的示例数据，输出为：

+------+------------+-----------+
| id   | date       | people    |
+------+------------+-----------+
| 5    | 2017-01-05 | 145       |
| 6    | 2017-01-06 | 1455      |
| 7    | 2017-01-07 | 199       |
| 8    | 2017-01-08 | 188       |
+------+------------+-----------+

Note:
每天只有一行记录，日期随着 id 的增加而增加。

select distinct a.*
from stadium a, stadium b, stadium c
where a.people >= 100 and b.people >= 100 and c.people >= 100
and ((a.id = b.id - 1 and b.id = c.id - 1)
     or
     (b.id = a.id - 1 and a.id = c.id - 1)
     or
     (c.id = b.id - 1 and b.id = a.id - 1))
order by a.id

 

620. 有趣的电影【简单】

 

某城市开了一家新的电影院，吸引了很多人过来看电影。该电影院特别注意用户体验，专门有个 LED显示板做电影推荐，上面公布着影评和相关电影描述。

作为该电影院的信息部主管，您需要编写一个 SQL查询，找出所有影片描述为非 boring (不无聊) 的并且 id 为奇数 的影片，结果请按等级 rating 排列。

 

例如，下表 cinema:

+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
|   id    | movie     |  description |  rating   |
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
|   1     | War       |   great 3D   |   8.9     |
|   2     | Science   |   fiction    |   8.5     |
|   3     | irish     |   boring     |   6.2     |
|   4     | Ice song  |   Fantacy    |   8.6     |
|   5     | House card|   Interesting|   9.1     |
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+

对于上面的例子，则正确的输出是为：

+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
|   id    | movie     |  description |  rating   |
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
|   5     | House card|   Interesting|   9.1     |
|   1     | War       |   great 3D   |   8.9     |
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+

select *
from cinema
where description != 'boring'
and id%2 != 0
order by rating desc

 

626. 换座位【中等】

 

小美是一所中学的信息科技老师，她有一张 seat 座位表，平时用来储存学生名字和与他们相对应的座位 id。

其中纵列的 id 是连续递增的

小美想改变相邻俩学生的座位。

你能不能帮她写一个 SQL query 来输出小美想要的结果呢？

示例：

+---------+---------+
|    id   | student |
+---------+---------+
|    1    | Abbot   |
|    2    | Doris   |
|    3    | Emerson |
|    4    | Green   |
|    5    | Jeames  |
+---------+---------+

假如数据输入的是上表，则输出结果如下：

+---------+---------+
|    id   | student |
+---------+---------+
|    1    | Doris   |
|    2    | Abbot   |
|    3    | Green   |
|    4    | Emerson |
|    5    | Jeames  |
+---------+---------+

注意：

如果学生人数是奇数，则不需要改变最后一个同学的座位。

select s.id , s.student from
(
select id-1 as id ,student from seat where mod(id,2)=0
union
select id+1 as id,student from seat where mod(id,2)=1 and id != (select count(*) from seat)
union
select id,student from seat where mod(id,2)=1 and id = (select count(*) from seat)
) s order by id;

 

627. 交换工资【简单】

给定一个 salary表，如下所示，有m=男性 和 f=女性的值 。交换所有的 f 和 m 值(例如，将所有 f 值更改为 m，反之亦然)。要求使用一个更新查询，并且没有中间临时表。

例如:

| id | name | sex | salary |
|----|------|-----|--------|
| 1  | A    | m   | 2500   |
| 2  | B    | f   | 1500   |
| 3  | C    | m   | 5500   |
| 4  | D    | f   | 500    |

运行你所编写的查询语句之后，将会得到以下表:

| id | name | sex | salary |
|----|------|-----|--------|
| 1  | A    | f   | 2500   |
| 2  | B    | m   | 1500   |
| 3  | C    | f   | 5500   |
| 4  | D    | m   | 500    |

update salary 
set sex = (case when sex = 'f' then 'm' else 'f' end)

update salary 
set sex = if(sex = 'f', 'm', 'f')