spring 事务实现方式有哪些？
spring 事务实现方式有哪些？
- 编程式事务管理，在代码中调用 commit()、rollback()等事务管理相关的方法
maven pom.xml文件
org.springframework
spring-beans
4.2.4.RELEASE
org.springframework
spring-context
4.2.4.RELEASE
org.springframework
spring-aop
4.2.4.RELEASE
org.springframework
spring-tx
4.2.4.RELEASE
org.springframework
spring-jdbc
4.2.4.RELEASE
mysql
mysql-connector-java
5.1.18
编程式事务管理，可以通过 java.sql.Connection 控制事务。spring 配置文件
jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
root
root
测试代码
package constxiong.interview.transaction;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class TransactionTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
testManualTransaction();//测试函数式控制事务
}
private static void testManualTransaction() throws SQLException {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");
DataSource ds = (DataSource)context.getBean("datasource");
Connection conn = ds.getConnection();
try {
initTable(conn);//初始化表
conn.setAutoCommit(false);//设置不自动提交事务
queryUsers(conn);//查询打印用户表
deleteUser(conn);//删除 id=1 用户
conn.rollback();//回滚
queryUsers(conn);//查询打印用户表
} finally {
conn.close();
}
}
private static void initTable(Connection conn) throws SQLException {
conn.createStatement().execute("drop table if exists user");
conn.createStatement().execute("create table user(id int, username varchar(60)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ");//是否支持事务与数据库引擎有关，此处删除 ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 可能不支持事务
conn.createStatement().execute("insert into user values(1, 'user1')");
conn.createStatement().execute("insert into user values(2, 'user2')");
}
private static void deleteUser(Connection conn) throws SQLException {
conn.createStatement().execute("delete from user where id = 1");
}
private static void queryUsers(Connection conn) throws SQLException {
Statement st = conn.createStatement();
st.execute("select * from user");
ResultSet rs = st.getResultSet();
while (rs.next()) {
System.out.print(rs.getString("id"));
System.out.print(" ");
System.out.print(rs.getString("username"));
System.out.println();
}
}
}
删除用户语句回滚，打印出两个用户
1 user1
2 user2
1 user1
2 user2
- 基于 TransactionProxyFactoryBean 的声明式事务管理
新增 UserDao 接口
package constxiong.interview.transaction;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public interface UserDao {
/**
* 查询用户
* @return
*/
public List> getUsers();
/**
* 删除用户
* @param id
* @return
*/
public int deleteUser(int id);
}
新增 UserDao 实现
package constxiong.interview.transaction;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
public class UserDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDao {
/**
* 查询用户
* @return
*/
public List> getUsers() {
String sql = "select * from user";
return this.getJdbcTemplate().queryForList(sql);
}
/**
* 删除用户
* @param id
* @return
*/
public int deleteUser(int id){
String sql = "delete from user where id = " + id;
int result = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql);
if (id == 1) {
throw new RuntimeException();
}
return result;
}
}
修改 spring 配置文件，添加事务管理器 DataSourceTransactionManager 和事务代理类 TransactionProxyFactoryBean
jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
root
root
-java.lang.RuntimeException
测试代码
package constxiong.interview.transaction;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class TransactionTest {
static ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
testUseTransactionProxy(); //测试使用 spring TransactionProxyFactoryBean
}
private static void testUseTransactionProxy() {
final UserDao userDao = (UserDao)context.getBean("userProxy");
printUsers(userDao);//打印用户
userDao.deleteUser(1);//删除 id=1 用户
}
private static void printUsers(UserDao userDao) {
for (Map user : userDao.getUsers()) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
}
结果输出
{id=1, username=user1}
{id=2, username=user2}
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException
at constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl.deleteUser(UserDaoImpl.java:28)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:302)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:190)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:281)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:208)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy3.deleteUser(Unknown Source)
at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.testUseTransactionProxy(TransactionTest.java:32)
at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.main(TransactionTest.java:13)
- 基于注解 @Transactional 的声明式事务管理
UserDaoImpl 删除用户方法添加注解 @Transactional(rollbackFor=RuntimeException.class) 出现 RuntimeException 回滚
package constxiong.interview.transaction;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
public class UserDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDao {
/**
* 查询用户
* @return
*/
public List> getUsers() {
String sql = "select * from user";
return this.getJdbcTemplate().queryForList(sql);
}
/**
* 删除用户
* @param id
* @return
*/
@Transactional(rollbackFor=RuntimeException.class)
public int deleteUser(int id){
String sql = "delete from user where id = " + id;
int result = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql);
if (id == 1) {
throw new RuntimeException();
}
return result;
}
}
修改 spring 配置文件，开启 spring 的事务注解能力
jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
root
root
测试代码
package constxiong.interview.transaction;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class TransactionTest {
static ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
testAnnotationTransaction();
}
private static void testAnnotationTransaction() {
UserDao userDao = (UserDao)context.getBean("userDao");
printUsers(userDao);
userDao.deleteUser(1);
}
private static void printUsers(UserDao userDao) {
for (Map user : userDao.getUsers()) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
}
输出结果
{id=1, username=user1}
{id=2, username=user2}
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException
at constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl.deleteUser(UserDaoImpl.java:30)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:302)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:190)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:281)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:208)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy5.deleteUser(Unknown Source)
at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.testAnnotationTransaction(TransactionTest.java:20)
at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.main(TransactionTest.java:13)
- 基于 Aspectj AOP 配置（注解）事务
maven pom.xml 添加 Aspectj 的支持
org.aspectj
aspectjweaver
1.8.13
去除 UserDaoImpl 注解@Transactional(rollbackFor=RuntimeException.class)
package constxiong.interview.transaction;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
public class UserDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDao {
/**
* 查询用户
* @return
*/
public List> getUsers() {
String sql = "select * from user";
return this.getJdbcTemplate().queryForList(sql);
}
/**
* 删除用户
* @param id
* @return
*/
public int deleteUser(int id){
String sql = "delete from user where id = " + id;
int result = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql);
if (id == 1) {
throw new RuntimeException();
}
return result;
}
}
修改 spring 配置文件，织入切面
jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
root
root
测试代码
package constxiong.interview.transaction;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class TransactionTest {
static ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
testAspectjTransaction();
}
private static void testAspectjTransaction() {
UserDao userDao = (UserDao)context.getBean("userDao");
printUsers(userDao);
userDao.deleteUser(1);
}
private static void printUsers(UserDao userDao) {
for (Map user : userDao.getUsers()) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
}
输出结果
{id=1, username=user1}
{id=2, username=user2}
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException
at constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl.deleteUser(UserDaoImpl.java:28)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:302)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:190)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:281)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.ExposeInvocationInterceptor.invoke(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.java:92)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:208)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy2.deleteUser(Unknown Source)
at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.testAnnotationTransaction(TransactionTest.java:20)
at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.main(TransactionTest.java:13)
PS：
这篇仅用事务回滚为例，了解 spring 事务控制，还需要关注数据库的ACID四种特性、事务传播特性、事务的隔离级别（脏读、不可重复读、幻读）。
详细可参考：https://blog.csdn.net/chinacr07/article/details/78817449
spring 事务的源码学习可以参考：
https://my.oschina.net/zhangxufeng/blog/1935556
https://my.oschina.net/zhangxufeng/blog/1943983
https://my.oschina.net/zhangxufeng/blog/1973493
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