最近有一个项目需要在Linux环境下通过Tomcat+ Oracle环境进行发布,之前的项目多以Windows server上配置发布为主,借此机会正好学习一下Linux下的项目发布。本文先介绍Oracle11gR2在CentOS上的安装与配置,之后将陆续推出Tomcat安装与配置及项目部署发布。在自己学习和实践的过程中,参照了网上朋友的一些资料,由衷感谢每一个乐于共享知识的人,谢谢!
操作系统:CentOS7(64位)
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
推荐下载地址:Oracle官方网站
[zm@localhost ~]$ su root #切换到root
Password:
[root@localhost zm]# groupadd oinstall #创建用户组oinstall
[root@localhost zm]# groupadd dba #创建用户组dba
[root@localhost zm]# useradd -g oinstall -g dba -m oracle #创建oracle用户,并加入到oinstall和dba用户组
[root@localhost zm]# passwd oracle #设置用户oracle的登陆密码,不设置密码,在CentOS的图形登陆界面没法登陆
Changing password for user oracle.
New password: # 设定密码,密码必须8位,且数字字母组合
Retype new password: # 确认密码
passwd: all authentication tokensupdated successfully.
[root@localhost zm]# id oracle # 查看新建的oracle用户
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(dba)groups=1002(dba)
[root@localhost zm]#
为啥要创建oinstall用户组及dba组? 参考:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/articles/hunter-rac11gr2-iscsi-2-092412-zhs.html#13
理论上按照官网的描述需要3种用户组,实际只建两个oinstall和dba,后面再安装oracle数据库的时候把OSOPER组也设置是dba组。
a.oracle 清单组(一般为oinstall):
OINSTALL 组的成员被视为 Oracle 软件的“所有者”,拥有对 Oracle 中央清单 (oraInventory) 的写入权限。在一个 Linux 系统上首次安装 Oracle 软件时,OUI 会创建 /etc/oraInst.loc 文件。该文件指定 Oracle 清单组的名称(默认为 oinstall)以及 Oracle 中央清单目录的路径。
b.数据库管理员(OSDBA,一般为 dba):
OSDBA 组的成员可通过操作系统身份验证使用 SQL 以 SYSDBA 身份连接到一个 Oracle 实例。该组的成员可执行关键的数据库管理任务,如创建数据库、启动和关闭实例。该组的默认名称为dba。SYSDBA 系统权限甚至在数据库未打开时也允许访问数据库实例。对此权限的控制完全超出了数据库本身的范围。不要混淆 SYSDBA系统权限与数据库角色 DBA。DBA 角色不包括 SYSDBA 或SYSOPER 系统权限。
c.数据库操作员组(OSOPER,一般为 oper):
OSOPER 组的成员可通过操作系统身份验证使用 SQL 以 SYSOPER 身份连接到一个 Oracle 实例。这个可选组的成员拥有一组有限的数据库管理权限,如管理和运行备份。该组的默认名称为oper。SYSOPER 系统权限甚至在数据库未打开时也允许访问数据库实例。对此权限的控制完全超出了数据库本身的范围。要使用该组,选择 Advanced 安装类型来安装 Oracle 数据库软件。
[zm@localhost ~]$ su root
Password:
[root@localhost zm]# mkdir -p /data/oracle #创建oracle数据库安装目录
[root@localhost zm]# mkdir -p /data/oraInventory #创建oracle数据库配置文件目录
[root@localhost zm]# mkdir -p /data/database #创建oracle数据库软件包解压目录
[root@localhost zm]# cd /data
[root@localhost data]# ls #创建完毕检查一下
database oracle oraInventory
[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle #设置目录所有者为oinstall用户组的oracle用户
[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oraInventory
[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database
[root@localhost data]#
oracle默认不支持CentOS系统安装,Oracle Database 11g Release 2 的 OS要求参考:
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1106
我安装是64位数据库,On Linux x86-64:Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 (RHEL 7)
另外,CentOS7.0.1511 基于 RHEL7.2 参考:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-12/126283.htm
修改文件 /etc/RedHat-release
[zm@localhost data]$ su root
Password:
[root@localhost data]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64([email protected]) (gcc version 4.8.3 20140911 (Red Hat 4.8.3-9)(GCC) ) #1 SMP Thu Nov 19 22:10:57 UTC 2015
[root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
[root@localhost data]# vi /etc/redhat-release
[root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release
redhat-7
[root@localhost data]#
重复一遍,我安装时OracleDatabase 11g Release 2 64位数据库。
Oracle DatabasePackage Requirements for Linux x86-64 如下:(参考:https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#BABCFJFG)
操作系统:OracleLinux 7 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
The followingpackages (or later versions) must be installed:
binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64
compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7.i686 # 32位软件不需要
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7.x86_64
gcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
gcc-c++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686
glibc-2.17-36.el7.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686 # 32位软件不需要
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.x86_64
ksh
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 # 32位软件不需要
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 # 32位软件不需要
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 # 32位软件不需要
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.i686# 32位软件不需要
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 # 32位软件不需要
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686 # 32位软件不需要
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.x86_64
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686 # 32位软件不需要
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.x86_64
make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64
sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86_64
一个一个的安装,文档要求高版本也可以:
[zm@localhostdata]$ su root
Password:
[root@localhostdata]# yum install binutils
省略...
CentOS 7.2默认使用的是firewall作为防火墙,
[zm@localhost /]$ su root
Password:
[root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld.service#查看防火墙状态,运行中
● firewalld.service - firewalld -dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled;vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active(running) since Thu 2016-04-07 18:54:29 PDT; 2h 20min ago
Main PID: 802 (firewalld)
CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
└─802 /usr/bin/python -Es/usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid
Apr 07 18:54:25 localhost.localdomainsystemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 07 18:54:29 localhost.localdomainsystemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@localhost /]# systemctl stop firewalld.service #关闭防火墙
[root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld.service #再次查看防火墙状态,发现已关闭
●firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded(/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2016-04-07 21:15:34 PDT; 9sago
Main PID: 802 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Apr 07 18:54:25localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewalldaemon...
Apr 07 18:54:29localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
Apr 07 21:15:33localhost systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 07 21:15:34localhost systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@localhost/]# systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止使用防火墙(重启也是禁止的)
Removed symlink/etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.Fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink/etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
[root@localhost/]#
此处先禁用防火墙,在进行客户端配置时,通过iptables进行配置。
[root@localhost/]# vi /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost/]# cat /etc/selinux/config
# This filecontrols the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= cantake one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy isenforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warningsinstead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled #此处enforcing修改为disabled
# SELINUXTYPE=can take one of three two values:
# targeted - Targeted processes areprotected,
# minimum - Modification of targeted policy.Only selected processes are protected.
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
[root@localhost/]#
为啥要关闭selinux?本人查找了一下Oracle的官方安装Guide,并没有看到关于selinux的要求,不过参照网上的资料,基本都是关闭,我也就关闭了,等有空了再研究。
[root@localhost/]# reboot # 重启生效
[zm@localhost/]$ su root
Password:
[root@localhost/]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf
# System defaultsettings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.
# To overridethose settings, enter new settings here, or in an/etc/sysctl.d/
#
# For moreinformation, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts= 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter= 1
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数
kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享内存的总量,8G内存设置:2097152*4k/1024/1024
kernel.shmmax = 1073741824 #最大共享内存段的大小 根据Oracle官网安装Guide要求,推荐为物理内存的一半,我的内存为2G,所以这里设置为1G:1073741824/1024/1024=1024M=1G
kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max= 4194304
net.core.wmem_default= 262144
net.core.wmem_max= 1048576
[root@localhost/]#
使配置参数生效
[root@localhost/]# sysctl -p
fs.aio-max-nr =1048576
fs.file-max =6815744
kernel.shmall =2097152
kernel.shmmax =1073741824
kernel.shmmni =4096
kernel.sem = 25032000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default= 262144
net.core.rmem_max= 4194304
net.core.wmem_default= 262144
net.core.wmem_max= 1048576
[root@localhost/]#
可参考Oracle官网安装Guide:http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24326/toc.htm#CEGIHDBF
[zm@localhost /]$ su root
Password:
[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf
# /etc/security/limits.conf
#
#This file sets the resource limits forthe users logged in via PAM.
#It does not affect resource limits ofthe system services.
#
#Also note that configuration files in/etc/security/limits.d directory,
#which are read in alphabetical order,override the settings in this
#file in case the domain is the same ormore specific.
#That means for example that setting alimit for wildcard domain here
#can be overriden with a wildcardsetting in a config file in the
#subdirectory, but a user specificsetting here can be overriden only
#with a user specific setting in thesubdirectory.
#
#Each line describes a limit for a userin the form:
#
#
#
#Where:
#
# - a user name
# - a group name, with @group syntax
# - the wildcard *, for default entry
# - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax,
# for maxlogin limit
#
# - "soft" for enforcing the soft limits
# - "hard" for enforcing hard limits
#
#
# - core - limits the core file size (KB)
# - data - max data size (KB)
# - fsize - maximum filesize (KB)
# - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)
# - nofile - max number of open file descriptors
# - rss - max resident set size (KB)
# - stack - max stack size (KB)
# - cpu - max CPU time (MIN)
# - nproc - max number of processes
# - as - address space limit (KB)
……
#
#* soft core 0
#* hard rss 10000
#@student hard nproc 20
#@faculty soft nproc 20
#@faculty hard nproc 50
#ftp hard nproc 0
#@student - maxlogins 4
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
# End of file
[root@localhost /]#
[root@localhost /]# vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile
[root@localhost /]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startupprograms
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin
export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle #oracle数据库安装目录
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 #oracle数据库路径
export ORACLE_SID=orcl #oracle启动数据库实例名
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm #xterm窗口模式安装
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH #添加系统环境变量
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib #添加系统环境变量
export LANG=C #防止安装过程出现乱码
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK #设置Oracle客户端字符集,必须与Oracle安装时设置的字符集保持一致,如:ZHS16GBK,否则出现数据导入导出中文乱码问题
[root@localhost /]#
使上述配置立即生效:
[root@localhost /]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
[root@localhost /]#
[root@zm-centos7 src]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@zm-centos7 src]# ls linux*
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
[root@zm-centos7 src]#
[root@localhost /]# su oracle #切换至oracle用户
[oracle@localhost /]$ cd /usr/local/src #进入/usr/local/src目录
[oracle@localhost src]$ ls
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
[oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /data/database/ #解压
(省略...)
[oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /data/database/ #解压
(省略...)
[oracle@localhost src]$ su root
Password:
[root@localhost src]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database/database/
[root@localhost src]#
选yes
swap空间不足解决 :(要求2.67G实际2G)
本人安装过程中未出现此问题,此处参考文章中遇到过该问题,并提供了解决方案,避免其他同学遇到同样的问题,此处也就一并贴出。
[root@localhost oracle]# free -m #查看当前虚拟内存
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1824 1369 93 10 361 250
Swap: 2048 20 2028
[root@localhost oracle]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=1024000 #将当前swap空间由2048M增加到3048M新增一个2014的swap文件
1024000+0 records in
1024000+0 records out
1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied,29.4051 s, 35.7 MB/s
[root@localhost oracle]# mkswap /home/swap
Setting up swapspace version 1, size =1023996 KiB
no label,UUID=5e3d39d7-285e-4c74-b321-1e2b3ffabf83
[root@localhost oracle]# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1824 1275 95 10 454 342
Swap: 2048 141 1907
[root@localhost oracle]# swapon /home/swap #增加并启用虚拟内容
swapon: /home/swap: insecure permissions0644, 0600 suggested.
[root@localhost oracle]# free -m #再次查看
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1824 1275 94 10 454 342
Swap: 3048 141 2907
最后,说明下本文章的内容是结合网上的一些资料和自己的实践整理完成的,仅供学习之用。感谢每一个乐于共享知识的人。如有错误或建议,请多多指正。谢谢!