SQL*Plus 执行脚本时传递参数(@script_name var1,var2)
在使用sqlplus执行sql脚本时，经常碰到向脚本传递参数的情形。类似于shell脚本的参数传递，我们同样可以向sql脚本传递参数，其方法是脚本后面直接跟多个连续的参数并以空格分开。本文描述该内容并给出示例。
1、SQLPlus 的帮助信息
下面的帮助信息是关于sqlplus调用带参脚本的说明
sqlplus -H
is: @|[.] [ ...]
Runs the specified SQL*Plus script from a web server (URL) or the
local file system (filename.ext) with specified parameters that
will be assigned to substitution variables in the script.
2、shell 提示符下sqlplus调用带参脚本
- SQL> select * from v$version where rownum<2;
- BANNER
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
- SQL> insert into emp(empno,ename,job) select 8888,'Bob Cheng','DBA' from dual;
- SQL> commit;
- [oracle@linux1 ~]$ more test.sql
- set linesize 160
- select empno,ename,job from &1 where upper(ename)=upper('&2');
- exit;
- [oracle@linux1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@rac11g @test.sql emp scott
- old 1: select empno,ename,job from &1 where upper(ename)=upper('&2')
- new 1: select empno,ename,job from emp where upper(ename)=upper('scott')
- EMPNO ENAME JOB
- ---------- ---------- ---------
- 7788 SCOTT ANALYST
- --注意，对于含有空格的调用需要使用单引号或双引号，如下示例
- [oracle@linux1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger @test.sql emp 'bob cheng'
- old 1: select empno,ename,job from &1 where upper(ename)=upper('&2')
- new 1: select empno,ename,job from emp where upper(ename)=upper('bob cheng')
- EMPNO ENAME JOB
- ---------- ---------- ---------
- 8888 Bob Cheng DBA
- [oracle@linux1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger @test.sql emp "bob cheng"
- SQL> select * from v$version where rownum<2;
- BANNER
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
- SQL> insert into emp(empno,ename,job) select 8888,'Bob Cheng','DBA' from dual;
- SQL> commit;
- [oracle@linux1 ~]$ more test.sql
- set linesize 160
- select empno,ename,job from &1 where upper(ename)=upper('&2');
- exit;
- [oracle@linux1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@rac11g @test.sql emp scott
- old 1: select empno,ename,job from &1 where upper(ename)=upper('&2')
- new 1: select empno,ename,job from emp where upper(ename)=upper('scott')
- EMPNO ENAME JOB
- ---------- ---------- ---------
- 7788 SCOTT ANALYST
- --注意，对于含有空格的调用需要使用单引号或双引号，如下示例
- [oracle@linux1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger @test.sql emp 'bob cheng'
- old 1: select empno,ename,job from &1 where upper(ename)=upper('&2')
- new 1: select empno,ename,job from emp where upper(ename)=upper('bob cheng')
- EMPNO ENAME JOB
- ---------- ---------- ---------
- 8888 Bob Cheng DBA
- [oracle@linux1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger @test.sql emp "bob cheng"
SQL> select * from v$version where rownum<2;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> insert into emp(empno,ename,job) select 8888,'Bob Cheng','DBA' from dual;
SQL> commit;
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ more test.sql
set linesize 160
select empno,ename,job from &1 where upper(ename)=upper('&2');
exit;
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@rac11g @test.sql emp scott
old 1: select empno,ename,job from &1 where upper(ename)=upper('&2')
new 1: select empno,ename,job from emp where upper(ename)=upper('scott')
EMPNO ENAME JOB
---------- ---------- ---------
7788 SCOTT ANALYST
--注意，对于含有空格的调用需要使用单引号或双引号，如下示例
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger @test.sql emp 'bob cheng'
old 1: select empno,ename,job from &1 where upper(ename)=upper('&2')
new 1: select empno,ename,job from emp where upper(ename)=upper('bob cheng')
EMPNO ENAME JOB
---------- ---------- ---------
8888 Bob Cheng DBA
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger @test.sql emp "bob cheng"
3、SQL提示符下调用带参脚本
- SQL> @test.sql emp scott
- SQL> set linesize 160
- SQL> select empno,ename,job from &1 where upper(ename)=upper('&2');
- EMPNO ENAME JOB
- ---------- ---------- ---------
- 7788 SCOTT ANALYST
- SQL> exit; -->由于脚本中有exit，因此脚本执行后会退出，如果是在SQL提示符下而不需要退出应注释该行
- SQL> @test.sql emp scott
- SQL> set linesize 160
- SQL> select empno,ename,job from &1 where upper(ename)=upper('&2');
- EMPNO ENAME JOB
- ---------- ---------- ---------
- 7788 SCOTT ANALYST
- SQL> exit; -->由于脚本中有exit，因此脚本执行后会退出，如果是在SQL提示符下而不需要退出应注释该行
SQL> @test.sql emp scott
SQL> set linesize 160
SQL> select empno,ename,job from &1 where upper(ename)=upper('&2');
EMPNO ENAME JOB
---------- ---------- ---------
7788 SCOTT ANALYST
SQL> exit; -->由于脚本中有exit，因此脚本执行后会退出，如果是在SQL提示符下而不需要退出应注释该行
4、调用plsql时的带参脚本
- [oracle@linux1 ~]$ more test2.sql
- set serveroutput on;
- declare
- v_sal number;
- v_emp number:=&1;
- begin
- select sal into v_sal from emp where empno=&1;
- dbms_output.put_line('The sal is :'||to_char(v_sal));
- end;
- /
- exit;
- [oracle@linux1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger @test2.sql 7788
- old 3: v_emp number:=&1;
- new 3: v_emp number:=7788;
- old 5: select sal into v_sal from emp where empno=&1;
- new 5: select sal into v_sal from emp where empno=7788;
- The sal is :3000
- PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
- [oracle@linux1 ~]$ more test2.sql
- set serveroutput on;
- declare
- v_sal number;
- v_emp number:=&1;
- begin
- select sal into v_sal from emp where empno=&1;
- dbms_output.put_line('The sal is :'||to_char(v_sal));
- end;
- /
- exit;
- [oracle@linux1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger @test2.sql 7788
- old 3: v_emp number:=&1;
- new 3: v_emp number:=7788;
- old 5: select sal into v_sal from emp where empno=&1;
- new 5: select sal into v_sal from emp where empno=7788;
- The sal is :3000
- PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ more test2.sql
set serveroutput on;
declare
v_sal number;
v_emp number:=&1;
begin
select sal into v_sal from emp where empno=&1;
dbms_output.put_line('The sal is :'||to_char(v_sal));
end;
/
exit;
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger @test2.sql 7788
old 3: v_emp number:=&1;
new 3: v_emp number:=7788;
old 5: select sal into v_sal from emp where empno=&1;
new 5: select sal into v_sal from emp where empno=7788;
The sal is :3000
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
5、使用new_value子句
- SQL> col ename new_value v_name -->new_value的实质是将得到的结果赋值给v_name以便后续调用
- SQL> select ename from emp where empno=7788;
- ENAME
- ----------
- SCOTT
- SQL> select ename,job,sal from emp where ename='&v_name';
- old 1: select ename,job,sal from emp where ename='&v_name'
- new 1: select ename,job,sal from emp where ename='SCOTT'
- ENAME JOB SAL
- ---------- --------- ----------
- SCOTT ANALYST 3000
- --交互式方式使用new_value --Author : Robinson Cheng
- --下面的脚本是从awrrpti.sql摘取部分片段来展示 --Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612
- [oracle@linux1 ~]$ more temp.sql
- prompt
- prompt Specify the Report Type
- prompt ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- prompt Would you like an HTML report, or a plain text report?
- prompt Enter 'html' for an HTML report, or 'text' for plain text
- prompt Defaults to 'html'
- column report_type new_value report_type; -->这个地方定义的new_value是关键
- set heading off;
- select 'Type Specified: ',lower(nvl('&&report_type','html')) report_type from dual;
- set heading on;
- prompt "Variable report_type value is :&report_type"
- SQL> @temp.sql -->执行时出现交互提示
- Specify the Report Type
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Would you like an HTML report, or a plain text report?
- Enter 'html' for an HTML report, or 'text' for plain text
- Defaults to 'html'
- Enter value for report_type: html
- old 1: select 'Type Specified: ',lower(nvl('&&report_type','html')) report_type from dual
- new 1: select 'Type Specified: ',lower(nvl('html','html')) report_type from dual
- Type Specified: html
- "Variable report_type value is :html" -->变量的值传递给了report_type
- SQL> col ename new_value v_name -->new_value的实质是将得到的结果赋值给v_name以便后续调用
- SQL> select ename from emp where empno=7788;
- ENAME
- ----------
- SCOTT
- SQL> select ename,job,sal from emp where ename='&v_name';
- old 1: select ename,job,sal from emp where ename='&v_name'
- new 1: select ename,job,sal from emp where ename='SCOTT'
- ENAME JOB SAL
- ---------- --------- ----------
- SCOTT ANALYST 3000
- --交互式方式使用new_value --Author : Robinson Cheng
- --下面的脚本是从awrrpti.sql摘取部分片段来展示 --Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612
- [oracle@linux1 ~]$ more temp.sql
- prompt
- prompt Specify the Report Type
- prompt ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- prompt Would you like an HTML report, or a plain text report?
- prompt Enter 'html' for an HTML report, or 'text' for plain text
- prompt Defaults to 'html'
- column report_type new_value report_type; -->这个地方定义的new_value是关键
- set heading off;
- select 'Type Specified: ',lower(nvl('&&report_type','html')) report_type from dual;
- set heading on;
- prompt "Variable report_type value is :&report_type"
- SQL> @temp.sql -->执行时出现交互提示
- Specify the Report Type
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Would you like an HTML report, or a plain text report?
- Enter 'html' for an HTML report, or 'text' for plain text
- Defaults to 'html'
- Enter value for report_type: html
- old 1: select 'Type Specified: ',lower(nvl('&&report_type','html')) report_type from dual
- new 1: select 'Type Specified: ',lower(nvl('html','html')) report_type from dual
- Type Specified: html
- "Variable report_type value is :html" -->变量的值传递给了report_type
SQL> col ename new_value v_name -->new_value的实质是将得到的结果赋值给v_name以便后续调用
SQL> select ename from emp where empno=7788;
ENAME
----------
SCOTT
SQL> select ename,job,sal from emp where ename='&v_name';
old 1: select ename,job,sal from emp where ename='&v_name'
new 1: select ename,job,sal from emp where ename='SCOTT'
ENAME JOB SAL
---------- --------- ----------
SCOTT ANALYST 3000
--交互式方式使用new_value --Author : Robinson Cheng
--下面的脚本是从awrrpti.sql摘取部分片段来展示 --Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ more temp.sql
prompt
prompt Specify the Report Type
prompt ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
prompt Would you like an HTML report, or a plain text report?
prompt Enter 'html' for an HTML report, or 'text' for plain text
prompt Defaults to 'html'
column report_type new_value report_type; -->这个地方定义的new_value是关键
set heading off;
select 'Type Specified: ',lower(nvl('&&report_type','html')) report_type from dual;
set heading on;
prompt "Variable report_type value is :&report_type"
SQL> @temp.sql -->执行时出现交互提示
Specify the Report Type
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Would you like an HTML report, or a plain text report?
Enter 'html' for an HTML report, or 'text' for plain text
Defaults to 'html'
Enter value for report_type: html
old 1: select 'Type Specified: ',lower(nvl('&&report_type','html')) report_type from dual
new 1: select 'Type Specified: ',lower(nvl('html','html')) report_type from dual
Type Specified: html
"Variable report_type value is :html" -->变量的值传递给了report_type
6、new_value与&符号的综合运用
- --下面的这个脚本来自Tom大师，其中包含了new_value以及替代变量的使用
- --通过该例子来体会这两种方式
- [oracle@linux1 ~]$ more mystat.sql
- set echo off
- set verify off
- column value new_val V -->此处使用了new_value方式来传递变量
- define S="&1" -->此处定义了替代变量来接受参数
- set autotrace off
- select a.name, b.value
- from v$statname a, v$mystat b
- where a.statistic# = b.statistic#
- and lower(a.name) like '%' || lower('&S')||'%'
- /
- set echo on
- --下面是第二个脚本
- --在第二个脚本中引用到了前一个脚本定义的变量，如&S，&V。实际上&S是一个全局变量
- [oracle@linux1 ~]$ more mystat2.sql
- set echo off
- set verify off
- select a.name, b.value V, to_char(b.value-&V,'999,999,999,999') diff
- from v$statname a, v$mystat b
- where a.statistic# = b.statistic#
- and lower(a.name) like '%' || lower('&S')||'%'
- /
- set echo on
- SQL> @mystat
- SQL> set echo off
- Enter value for 1: parse time elapsed
- NAME VALUE
- ------------------------------------------------------ ----------
- parse time elapsed 83
- SQL> update emp set sal=sal+200;
- 15 rows updated.
- SQL> @mystat2
- SQL> set echo off linesize 160
- NAME V DIFF
- ------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ----------------
- parse time elapsed 117 34
- --下面的这个脚本来自Tom大师，其中包含了new_value以及替代变量的使用
- --通过该例子来体会这两种方式
- [oracle@linux1 ~]$ more mystat.sql
- set echo off
- set verify off
- column value new_val V -->此处使用了new_value方式来传递变量
- define S="&1" -->此处定义了替代变量来接受参数
- set autotrace off
- select a.name, b.value
- from v$statname a, v$mystat b
- where a.statistic# = b.statistic#
- and lower(a.name) like '%' || lower('&S')||'%'
- /
- set echo on
- --下面是第二个脚本
- --在第二个脚本中引用到了前一个脚本定义的变量，如&S，&V。实际上&S是一个全局变量
- [oracle@linux1 ~]$ more mystat2.sql
- set echo off
- set verify off
- select a.name, b.value V, to_char(b.value-&V,'999,999,999,999') diff
- from v$statname a, v$mystat b
- where a.statistic# = b.statistic#
- and lower(a.name) like '%' || lower('&S')||'%'
- /
- set echo on
- SQL> @mystat
- SQL> set echo off
- Enter value for 1: parse time elapsed
- NAME VALUE
- ------------------------------------------------------ ----------
- parse time elapsed 83
- SQL> update emp set sal=sal+200;
- 15 rows updated.
- SQL> @mystat2
- SQL> set echo off linesize 160
- NAME V DIFF
- ------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ----------------
- parse time elapsed 117 34
--下面的这个脚本来自Tom大师，其中包含了new_value以及替代变量的使用
--通过该例子来体会这两种方式
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ more mystat.sql
set echo off
set verify off
column value new_val V -->此处使用了new_value方式来传递变量
define S="&1" -->此处定义了替代变量来接受参数
set autotrace off
select a.name, b.value
from v$statname a, v$mystat b
where a.statistic# = b.statistic#
and lower(a.name) like '%' || lower('&S')||'%'
/
set echo on
--下面是第二个脚本
--在第二个脚本中引用到了前一个脚本定义的变量，如&S，&V。实际上&S是一个全局变量
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ more mystat2.sql
set echo off
set verify off
select a.name, b.value V, to_char(b.value-&V,'999,999,999,999') diff
from v$statname a, v$mystat b
where a.statistic# = b.statistic#
and lower(a.name) like '%' || lower('&S')||'%'
/
set echo on
SQL> @mystat
SQL> set echo off
Enter value for 1: parse time elapsed
NAME VALUE
------------------------------------------------------ ----------
parse time elapsed 83
SQL> update emp set sal=sal+200;
15 rows updated.
SQL> @mystat2
SQL> set echo off linesize 160
NAME V DIFF
------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ----------------
parse time elapsed 117 34
7、小结
a、关于SQLPlus执行脚本时的参数传递其实质是使用了替代变量&，可以参考:替代变量与SQL*Plus环境设置
b、new_value子句可以在脚本中传递变量，
通常的使用方法为:
column column_name new_value var_name
new_value是将所获得的列值赋予到变量名，然后该变量名可以参与后续处理
c、多个参数传递时，中间使用空格隔开
d、对于参数中本身含有空格的情形应使用引号将其括起来