Android快速实现发送邮件
前言
现在一般很少有用Android原生app发送邮件的需求，但是前段时间公司项目需要在Android app 内部发送邮件，于是就在网上收集资料并整理了一个Demo。虽然最后这个需求被减掉了，但是我这里还是把Demo的内容给大家分享一下。
第一步、导入第三方jar包
Android实现发送邮件，首先需要依赖additional.jar、mail.jar和activation.jar这3个jar包。Google提供了下载地址：https://code.google.com/archive/p/javamail-android/downloads 。下载后添加到依赖（这里我就不详细说明了）。
第二步、创建相关类
1、创建MailInfo类，来代表一个即将被发送的邮件
package com.shidian.mail;
import java.util.Properties;
public class MailInfo {
private String mailServerHost;// 发送邮件的服务器的IP
private String mailServerPort;// 发送邮件的服务器的端口
private String fromAddress;// 邮件发送者的地址
private String toAddress; // 邮件接收者的地址
private String userName;// 登陆邮件发送服务器的用户名
private String password;// 登陆邮件发送服务器的密码
private boolean validate = true;// 是否需要身份验证
private String subject;// 邮件主题
private String content;// 邮件的文本内容
private String[] attachFileNames;// 邮件附件的文件名
/**
* 获得邮件会话属性
*/
public Properties getProperties() {
Properties p = new Properties();
p.put("mail.smtp.host", this.mailServerHost);
p.put("mail.smtp.port", this.mailServerPort);
p.put("mail.smtp.auth", validate ? "true" : "false");
return p;
}
public String getMailServerHost() {
return mailServerHost;
}
public void setMailServerHost(String mailServerHost) {
this.mailServerHost = mailServerHost;
}
public String getMailServerPort() {
return mailServerPort;
}
public void setMailServerPort(String mailServerPort) {
this.mailServerPort = mailServerPort;
}
public boolean isValidate() {
return validate;
}
public void setValidate(boolean validate) {
this.validate = validate;
}
public String[] getAttachFileNames() {
return attachFileNames;
}
public void setAttachFileNames(String[] fileNames) {
this.attachFileNames = fileNames;
}
public String getFromAddress() {
return fromAddress;
}
public void setFromAddress(String fromAddress) {
this.fromAddress = fromAddress;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getToAddress() {
return toAddress;
}
public void setToAddress(String toAddress) {
this.toAddress = toAddress;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getSubject() {
return subject;
}
public void setSubject(String subject) {
this.subject = subject;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public void setContent(String textContent) {
this.content = textContent;
}
}
2、创建认证类MyAuthenticator
package com.shidian.mail;
import javax.mail.Authenticator;
import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;
public class MyAuthenticator extends Authenticator {
String userName = null;
String password = null;
public MyAuthenticator() {
}
public MyAuthenticator(String username, String password) {
this.userName = username;
this.password = password;
}
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new PasswordAuthentication(userName, password);
}
}
3、创建邮件发送类MailSender
package com.shidian.mail;
import android.util.Log;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
import javax.mail.Address;
import javax.mail.Authenticator;
import javax.mail.BodyPart;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.Multipart;
import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeUtility;
/**
* 发送器
*/
public class MailSender {
/**
* 以文本格式发送邮件
* @param mailInfo 待发送的邮件的信息
*/
public boolean sendTextMail(final MailInfo mailInfo) {
// 判断是否需要身份认证
MyAuthenticator authenticator = null;
Properties pro = mailInfo.getProperties();
if (mailInfo.isValidate()) {
// 如果需要身份认证，则创建一个密码验证器
authenticator = new MyAuthenticator(mailInfo.getUserName(), mailInfo.getPassword());
}
// 根据邮件会话属性和密码验证器构造一个发送邮件的session
Session sendMailSession = Session.getDefaultInstance(pro, authenticator);
// Session sendMailSession = Session.getInstance(pro, new Authenticator() {
// @Override
// protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
// return new PasswordAuthentication(mailInfo.getUserName(),mailInfo.getPassword());
// }
// });
try {
// 根据session创建一个邮件消息
Message mailMessage = new MimeMessage(sendMailSession);
// 创建邮件发送者地址
Address from = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getFromAddress());
// 设置邮件消息的发送者
mailMessage.setFrom(from);
// 创建邮件的接收者地址，并设置到邮件消息中
Address to = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getToAddress());
mailMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, to);
// 设置邮件消息的主题
mailMessage.setSubject(mailInfo.getSubject());
// 设置邮件消息发送的时间
mailMessage.setSentDate(new Date());
// 设置邮件消息的主要内容
String mailContent = mailInfo.getContent();
mailMessage.setText(mailContent);
// 发送邮件
Transport.send(mailMessage);
return true;
} catch (MessagingException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return false;
}
/**
* 以HTML格式发送邮件
* @param mailInfo 待发送的邮件信息
*/
public static boolean sendHtmlMail(MailInfo mailInfo) {
// 判断是否需要身份认证
MyAuthenticator authenticator = null;
Properties pro = mailInfo.getProperties();
// 如果需要身份认证，则创建一个密码验证器
if (mailInfo.isValidate()) {
authenticator = new MyAuthenticator(mailInfo.getUserName(), mailInfo.getPassword());
}
// 根据邮件会话属性和密码验证器构造一个发送邮件的session
Session sendMailSession = Session.getDefaultInstance(pro, authenticator);
try {
// 根据session创建一个邮件消息
Message mailMessage = new MimeMessage(sendMailSession);
// 创建邮件发送者地址
Address from = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getFromAddress());
// 设置邮件消息的发送者
mailMessage.setFrom(from);
// 创建邮件的接收者地址，并设置到邮件消息中
Address to = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getToAddress());
// Message.RecipientType.TO属性表示接收者的类型为TO
mailMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, to);
// 设置邮件消息的主题
mailMessage.setSubject(mailInfo.getSubject());
// 设置邮件消息发送的时间
mailMessage.setSentDate(new Date());
// MiniMultipart类是一个容器类，包含MimeBodyPart类型的对象
Multipart mainPart = new MimeMultipart();
// 创建一个包含HTML内容的MimeBodyPart
BodyPart html = new MimeBodyPart();
// 设置HTML内容
html.setContent(mailInfo.getContent(), "text/html; charset=utf-8");
mainPart.addBodyPart(html);
// 将MiniMultipart对象设置为邮件内容
mailMessage.setContent(mainPart);
// 发送邮件
Transport.send(mailMessage);
return true;
} catch (MessagingException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return false;
}
/**
* 发送带附件的邮件
* @param info
* @return
*/
public boolean sendFileMail(MailInfo info, File file){
Message attachmentMail = createAttachmentMail(info,file);
try {
Transport.send(attachmentMail);
return true;
} catch (MessagingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return false;
}
}
/**
* 创建带有附件的邮件
* @return
*/
private Message createAttachmentMail(final MailInfo info, File file) {
//创建邮件
MimeMessage message = null;
Properties pro = info.getProperties();
try {
Session sendMailSession = Session.getInstance(pro, new Authenticator() {
@Override
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new PasswordAuthentication(info.getUserName(),info.getPassword());
}
});
message = new MimeMessage(sendMailSession);
// 设置邮件的基本信息
//创建邮件发送者地址
Address from = new InternetAddress(info.getFromAddress());
//设置邮件消息的发送者
message.setFrom(from);
//创建邮件的接受者地址，并设置到邮件消息中
Address to = new InternetAddress(info.getToAddress());
//设置邮件消息的接受者, Message.RecipientType.TO属性表示接收者的类型为TO
message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, to);
//邮件标题
message.setSubject(info.getSubject());
// 创建邮件正文，为了避免邮件正文中文乱码问题，需要使用CharSet=UTF-8指明字符编码
MimeBodyPart text = new MimeBodyPart();
text.setContent(info.getContent(), "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
// 创建容器描述数据关系
MimeMultipart mp = new MimeMultipart();
mp.addBodyPart(text);
// 创建邮件附件
MimeBodyPart attach = new MimeBodyPart();
FileDataSource ds = new FileDataSource(file);
DataHandler dh = new DataHandler(ds);
attach.setDataHandler(dh);
attach.setFileName(MimeUtility.encodeText(dh.getName()));
mp.addBodyPart(attach);
mp.setSubType("mixed");
message.setContent(mp);
message.saveChanges();
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e("TAG", "创建带附件的邮件失败");
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 返回生成的邮件
return message;
}
}
第三步、发送邮件
这里举例发送文本邮件和带附件的邮件
package teprinciple.yang.sendmaildemo;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.EditText;
import com.shidian.mail.SendMailUtil;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private EditText editText;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
editText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.toAddEt);
}
public void senTextMail(View view) {
SendMailUtil.send(editText.getText().toString());
}
public void sendFileMail(View view) {
File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()+File.separator+"test.txt");
OutputStream os = null;
try {
os = new FileOutputStream(file);
String str = "hello world";
byte[] data = str.getBytes();
os.write(data);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
if (os != null)os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
}
}
SendMailUtil.send(file,editText.getText().toString());
}
}
下面是发送邮件的SendMailUtil
package com.shidian.mail;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import java.io.File;
/**
* Created by Administrator on 2017/4/10.
*/
public class SendMailUtil {
//qq
private static final String HOST = "smtp.qq.com";
private static final String PORT = "587";
private static final String FROM_ADD = "[email protected]"; //发送方邮箱
private static final String FROM_PSW = "lfrlpganzjrwbeci";//发送方邮箱授权码
// //163
// private static final String HOST = "smtp.163.com";
// private static final String PORT = "465"; //或者465 994
// private static final String FROM_ADD = "[email protected]";
// private static final String FROM_PSW = "teprinciple163";
//// private static final String TO_ADD = "[email protected]";
public static void send(final File file,String toAdd){
final MailInfo mailInfo = creatMail(toAdd);
final MailSender sms = new MailSender();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
sms.sendFileMail(mailInfo,file);
}
}).start();
}
public static void send(String toAdd){
final MailInfo mailInfo = creatMail(toAdd);
final MailSender sms = new MailSender();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
sms.sendTextMail(mailInfo);
}
}).start();
}
@NonNull
private static MailInfo creatMail(String toAdd) {
final MailInfo mailInfo = new MailInfo();
mailInfo.setMailServerHost(HOST);
mailInfo.setMailServerPort(PORT);
mailInfo.setValidate(true);
mailInfo.setUserName(FROM_ADD); // 你的邮箱地址
mailInfo.setPassword(FROM_PSW);// 您的邮箱密码
mailInfo.setFromAddress(FROM_ADD); // 发送的邮箱
mailInfo.setToAddress(toAdd); // 发到哪个邮件去
mailInfo.setSubject("Hello"); // 邮件主题
mailInfo.setContent("Android 测试"); // 邮件文本
return mailInfo;
}
}
特别注意：一定要打开邮箱POP3/IMAP/SMTP服务，不然认证会失败
需要把SendMailUtil 下的FROM_ADD，FROM_PSW配置成你自己的账号和授权码
private static final String FROM_ADD = "[email protected]";
private static final String FROM_PSW = "lfrlpganzjrwbeci";项目地址：https://github.com/teprinciple/SendMailDemo
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