springboot 集成rabbitmq 实例
springboot 集成rabbitmq 实例
个人在学习rabbitmq时发现网上很少有系统性介绍springboot和rabbitmq如何集成的，其他人总结的都片段化，所以结合个人调研过程，整理此篇文章。
本文章共分为以下部分：
- rabbitmq简介
- springboot配置
- rabbitmq生产者配置
- rabbitmq消费者配置
- 问题补充
一、rabbitmq简介
目前流程的消息队列主要有：ActivityMQ/kafka/redis/rabbitmq等，各有各自的应用场景，关于各个框架的介绍，大家可自行百度，网上很多文章介绍~其中rabbit因为其ack特性以及还算不错的性能被大多数公司采用。
概念：
- 生产者 消息的产生方，负责将消息推送到消息队列
- 消费者 消息的最终接受方，负责监听队列中的对应消息，消费消息
- 队列 消息的寄存器，负责存放生产者发送的消息
- 交换机 负责根据一定规则分发生产者产生的消息
- 绑定 完成交换机和队列之间的绑定
模式：
- direct
直连模式，用于实例间的任务分发 - topic
话题模式，通过可配置的规则分发给绑定在该exchange上的队列 - headers
适用规则复杂的分发，用headers里的参数表达规则 - fanout
分发给所有绑定到该exchange上的队列，忽略routing key
安装
单机版安装很简单，大概步骤如下：
# 安装erlang包
yum install erlang
# 安装socat
yum install socat
# 安装rabbit
rpm -ivh rabbitmq-server-3.6.6-1.el6.noarch.rpm
# 启动服务
rabbitmq-server start
# 增加管理控制功能
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
# 增加用户：
sudo rabbitmqctl add_user root password
rabbitmqctl set_user_tags root administrator
rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p / root '.*' '.*' '.*'
集群安装，可参考以下博客：
rabbitmq集群安装
二、springboot配置
废话少说直接上代码：
配置参数
application.yml:
spring:
rabbitmq:
addresses: 192.168.1.1:5672
username: username
password: password
publisher-confirms: true
virtual-host: /java config读取参数
/**
* RabbitMq配置文件读取类
*
* @author chenhf
* @create 2017-10-23 上午9:31
**/
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.rabbitmq")
public class RabbitMqConfig {
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.addresses}")
private String addresses;
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.username}")
private String username;
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.password}")
private String password;
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms}")
private Boolean publisherConfirms;
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host}")
private String virtualHost;
// 构建mq实例工厂
@Bean
public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory(){
CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setAddresses(addresses);
connectionFactory.setUsername(username);
connectionFactory.setPassword(password);
connectionFactory.setPublisherConfirms(publisherConfirms);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(virtualHost);
return connectionFactory;
}
@Bean
public RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory){
return new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);
}
@Bean
@Scope(ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE)
public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate(){
RabbitTemplate template = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory());
return template;
}
}
三、rabbitmq生产者配置
主要配置了直连和话题模式，其中话题模式设置两个队列（queueTopicTest1、queueTopicTest2），此两个队列在和交换机绑定时分别设置不同的routingkey(.TEST.以及lazy.#)来验证匹配模式。
/**
* 用于配置交换机和队列对应关系
* 新增消息队列应该按照如下步骤
* 1、增加queue bean，参见queueXXXX方法
* 2、增加queue和exchange的binding
* @author chenhf
* @create 2017-10-23 上午10:33
**/
@Configuration
@AutoConfigureAfter(RabbitMqConfig.class)
public class RabbitMqExchangeConfig {
/** logger */
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RabbitMqExchangeConfig.class);
/**
* @Author:chenhf
* @Description: 主题型交换机
* @Date:下午5:49 2017/10/23
* @param
* @return
*/
@Bean
TopicExchange contractTopicExchangeDurable(RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin){
TopicExchange contractTopicExchange = new TopicExchange(RabbitMqEnum.Exchange.CONTRACT_TOPIC.getCode());
rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(contractTopicExchange);
logger.debug("完成主题型交换机bean实例化");
return contractTopicExchange;
}
/**
* 直连型交换机
*/
@Bean
DirectExchange contractDirectExchange(RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin) {
DirectExchange contractDirectExchange = new DirectExchange(RabbitMqEnum.Exchange.CONTRACT_DIRECT.getCode());
rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(contractDirectExchange);
logger.debug("完成直连型交换机bean实例化");
return contractDirectExchange;
}
//在此可以定义队列
@Bean
Queue queueTest(RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin){
Queue queue = new Queue(RabbitMqEnum.QueueName.TESTQUEUE.getCode());
rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(queue);
logger.debug("测试队列实例化完成");
return queue;
}
//topic 1
@Bean
Queue queueTopicTest1(RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin){
Queue queue = new Queue(RabbitMqEnum.QueueName.TOPICTEST1.getCode());
rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(queue);
logger.debug("话题测试队列1实例化完成");
return queue;
}
//topic 2
@Bean
Queue queueTopicTest2(RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin){
Queue queue = new Queue(RabbitMqEnum.QueueName.TOPICTEST2.getCode());
rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(queue);
logger.debug("话题测试队列2实例化完成");
return queue;
}
//在此处完成队列和交换机绑定
@Bean
Binding bindingQueueTest(Queue queueTest,DirectExchange exchange,RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin){
Binding binding = BindingBuilder.bind(queueTest).to(exchange).with(RabbitMqEnum.QueueEnum.TESTQUEUE.getCode());
rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(binding);
logger.debug("测试队列与直连型交换机绑定完成");
return binding;
}
//topic binding1
@Bean
Binding bindingQueueTopicTest1(Queue queueTopicTest1,TopicExchange exchange,RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin){
Binding binding = BindingBuilder.bind(queueTopicTest1).to(exchange).with(RabbitMqEnum.QueueEnum.TESTTOPICQUEUE1.getCode());
rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(binding);
logger.debug("测试队列与话题交换机1绑定完成");
return binding;
}
//topic binding2
@Bean
Binding bindingQueueTopicTest2(Queue queueTopicTest2,TopicExchange exchange,RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin){
Binding binding = BindingBuilder.bind(queueTopicTest2).to(exchange).with(RabbitMqEnum.QueueEnum.TESTTOPICQUEUE2.getCode());
rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(binding);
logger.debug("测试队列与话题交换机2绑定完成");
return binding;
}
}
在这里用到枚举类：RabbitMqEnum
/**
* 定义rabbitMq需要的常量
*
* @author chenhf
* @create 2017-10-23 下午4:07
**/
public class RabbitMqEnum {
/**
* @param
* @Author:chenhf
* @Description:定义数据交换方式
* @Date:下午4:08 2017/10/23
* @return
*/
public enum Exchange {
CONTRACT_FANOUT("CONTRACT_FANOUT", "消息分发"),
CONTRACT_TOPIC("CONTRACT_TOPIC", "消息订阅"),
CONTRACT_DIRECT("CONTRACT_DIRECT", "点对点");
private String code;
private String name;
Exchange(String code, String name) {
this.code = code;
this.name = name;
}
public String getCode() {
return code;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
}
/**
* describe: 定义队列名称
* creat_user: chenhf
* creat_date: 2017/10/31
**/
public enum QueueName {
TESTQUEUE("TESTQUEUE", "测试队列"),
TOPICTEST1("TOPICTEST1", "topic测试队列"),
TOPICTEST2("TOPICTEST2", "topic测试队列");
private String code;
private String name;
QueueName(String code, String name) {
this.code = code;
this.name = name;
}
public String getCode() {
return code;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
}
/**
* describe: 定义routing_key
* creat_user: chenhf
* creat_date: 2017/10/31
**/
public enum QueueEnum {
TESTQUEUE("TESTQUEUE1", "测试队列key"),
TESTTOPICQUEUE1("*.TEST.*", "topic测试队列key"),
TESTTOPICQUEUE2("lazy.#", "topic测试队列key");
private String code;
private String name;
QueueEnum(String code, String name) {
this.code = code;
this.name = name;
}
public String getCode() {
return code;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
}
}
以上完成消息生产者的定义，下面封装调用接口
测试时直接调用此工具类,testUser类需自己实现
rabbitMqSender.sendRabbitmqDirect("TESTQUEUE1",testUser);
rabbitMqSender.sendRabbitmqTopic("lazy.1.2",testUser);
rabbitMqSender.sendRabbitmqTopic("lazy.TEST.2",testUser);
/**
* rabbitmq发送消息工具类
*
* @author chenhf
* @create 2017-10-26 上午11:10
**/
@Component
public class RabbitMqSender implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback{
/** logger */
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RabbitMqSender.class);
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@Autowired
public RabbitMqSender(RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate) {
this.rabbitTemplate = rabbitTemplate;
this.rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this);
}
@Override
public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean b, String s) {
logger.info("confirm: " + correlationData.getId());
}
/**
* 发送到 指定routekey的指定queue
* @param routeKey
* @param obj
*/
public void sendRabbitmqDirect(String routeKey,Object obj) {
CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
logger.info("send: " + correlationData.getId());
this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMqEnum.Exchange.CONTRACT_DIRECT.getCode(), routeKey , obj, correlationData);
}
/**
* 所有发送到Topic Exchange的消息被转发到所有关心RouteKey中指定Topic的Queue上
* @param routeKey
* @param obj
*/
public void sendRabbitmqTopic(String routeKey,Object obj) {
CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
logger.info("send: " + correlationData.getId());
this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMqEnum.Exchange.CONTRACT_TOPIC.getCode(), routeKey , obj, correlationData);
}
}
四、rabbitmq消费者配置
springboot注解方式监听队列，无法手动指定回调，所以采用了实现ChannelAwareMessageListener接口，重写onMessage来进行手动回调，详见以下代码,详细介绍可以在spring的官网上找amqp相关章节阅读
直连消费者
通过设置TestUser的name来测试回调，分别发两条消息，一条UserName为1，一条为2，查看控制台中队列中消息是否被消费
/**
* 消费者配置
*
* @author chenhf
* @create 2017-10-30 下午3:14
**/
@Configuration
@AutoConfigureAfter(RabbitMqConfig.class)
public class ExampleAmqpConfiguration {
@Bean("testQueueContainer")
public MessageListenerContainer messageListenerContainer(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer();
container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
container.setQueueNames("TESTQUEUE");
container.setMessageListener(exampleListener());
container.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.MANUAL);
return container;
}
@Bean("testQueueListener")
public ChannelAwareMessageListener exampleListener() {
return new ChannelAwareMessageListener() {
@Override
public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
TestUser testUser = (TestUser) SerializeUtil.unserialize(message.getBody());
//通过设置TestUser的name来测试回调，分别发两条消息，一条UserName为1，一条为2，查看控制台中队列中消息是否被消费
if ("2".equals(testUser.getUserName())){
System.out.println(testUser.toString());
channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false);
}
if ("1".equals(testUser.getUserName())){
System.out.println(testUser.toString());
channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false,true);
}
}
};
}
}
topic消费者1
/**
* 消费者配置
*
* @author chenhf
* @create 2017-10-30 下午3:14
**/
@Configuration
@AutoConfigureAfter(RabbitMqConfig.class)
public class TopicAmqpConfiguration {
@Bean("topicTest1Container")
public MessageListenerContainer messageListenerContainer(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer();
container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
container.setQueueNames("TOPICTEST1");
container.setMessageListener(exampleListener1());
container.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.MANUAL);
return container;
}
@Bean("topicTest1Listener")
public ChannelAwareMessageListener exampleListener1(){
return new ChannelAwareMessageListener() {
@Override
public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
TestUser testUser = (TestUser) SerializeUtil.unserialize(message.getBody());
System.out.println("TOPICTEST1："+testUser.toString());
channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false);
}
};
}
}topic消费者2
/**
* 消费者配置
*
* @author chenhf
* @create 2017-10-30 下午3:14
**/
@Configuration
@AutoConfigureAfter(RabbitMqConfig.class)
public class TopicAmqpConfiguration2 {
@Bean("topicTest2Container")
public MessageListenerContainer messageListenerContainer(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer();
container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
container.setQueueNames("TOPICTEST2");
container.setMessageListener(exampleListener());
container.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.MANUAL);
return container;
}
@Bean("topicTest2Listener")
public ChannelAwareMessageListener exampleListener() {
return new ChannelAwareMessageListener() {
@Override
public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
TestUser testUser = (TestUser) SerializeUtil.unserialize(message.getBody());
System.out.println("TOPICTEST2："+testUser.toString());
channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false);
}
};
}
}问题补充
使用过程中可能出现的坑参考此篇文章
https://segmentfault.com/a/11...