简介
OpenStack是一个开源的云计算管理平台项目，是一系列软件开源项目的组合，由NASA(美国国家航空航天局)和Rackspace合作研发并发起，以Apache许可证授权的开源代码项目
OpenStack为私有云和公有云提供可扩展的弹性的云计算服务，项目目标是提供实施简单、可大规模扩展、丰富、标准统一的云计算管理平台
OpenStack覆盖了网络、虚拟化、操作系统、服务器等各个方面,它是一个正在开发中的云计算平台项目，根据成熟及重要程度的不同，被分解成核心项目、孵化项目，以及支持项目和相关项目，每个项目都有自己的委员会和项目技术主管，而且每个项目都不是一成不变的，孵化项目可以根据发展的成熟度和重要性，转变为核心项目
核心组件
1、计算(Compute)Nova：一套控制器，用于为单个用户或使用群组管理虚拟机实例的整个生命周期，根据用户需求来提供虚拟服务。负责虚拟机创建、开机、关机、挂起、暂停、调整、迁移、重启、销毁等操作，配置CPU、内存等信息规格
2、对象存储(Object Storage)Swift：一套用于在大规模可扩展系统中通过内置冗余及高容错机制实现对象存储的系统，允许进行存储或者检索文件，可为Glance提供镜像存储，为Cinder提供卷备份服务
3、镜像服务(Image Service)Glance：一套虚拟机镜像查找及检索系统，支持多种虚拟机镜像格式（AKI、AMI、ARI、ISO、QCOW2、Raw、VDI、VHD、VMDK），有创建上传镜像、删除镜像、编辑镜像基本信息的功能
4、身份服务(Identity Service)Keystone：为OpenStack其他服务提供身份验证、服务规则和服务令牌的功能，管理Domains、Projects、Users、Groups、Roles
5、网络&地址管理(Network)Neutron：提供云计算的网络虚拟化技术，为OpenStack其他服务提供网络连接服务。为用户提供接口，可以定义Network、Subnet、Router，配置DHCP、DNS、负载均衡、L3服务，网络支持GRE、VLAN，插件架构支持许多主流的网络厂家和技术，如OpenvSwitch
6、块存储(Block Storage)Cinder：为运行实例提供稳定的数据块存储服务，它的插件驱动架构有利于块设备的创建和管理，如创建卷、删除卷，在实例上挂载和卸载卷
7、UI 界面(Dashboard)Horizon：OpenStack中各种服务的Web管理门户，用于简化用户对服务的操作，例如：启动实例、分配IP地址、配置访问控制等
8、测量(Metering)Ceilometer：能把OpenStack内部发生的几乎所有的事件都收集起来，然后为计费和监控以及其它服务提供数据支撑
9、部署编排(Orchestration)Heat：提供了一种通过模板定义的协同部署方式，实现云基础设施软件运行环境(计算、存储和网络资源)的自动化部署
10、数据库服务(Database Service)Trove：为用户在OpenStack的环境提供可扩展和可靠的关系和非关系数据库引擎服务
前期准备
准备两台Centos7虚拟机，虚拟机配置两个网卡(NAT和仅主机)，配置IP地址和hostname,同步系统时间，关闭防火墙和selinux，修改ip地址和hostname映射
| ip | hostname |
|---|---|
| ens33(NAT):192.168.29.145 ens37(仅主机):192.168.31.135 | controller |
| ens33(NAT):192.168.29.146 ens37(仅主机):192.168.31.136 | computer |
部署服务
安装epel源
[root@controller ~]# yum install epel-release -y
[root@computer ~]# yum install epel-release -y安装openstack源
[root@controller ~]# yum install -y centos-release-openstack-queens
[root@computer ~]# yum install -y centos-release-openstack-queens安装openstack的客户端和selinux服务
[root@controller ~]# yum install python-openstackclient openstack-selinux -y
[root@computer ~]# yum install python-openstackclient openstack-selinux -y部署MySQL数据库和memcached
[root@controller ~]# yum install mysql-server mysql memcached python2-PyMySQL -y安装消息队列服务
[root@controller ~]# yum install -y rabbitmq-server -y安装keystone服务
[root@controller ~]# yum install openstack-keystone httpd mod_wsgi -y安装glance服务
[root@controller ~]# yum install openstack-glance -ycontroller安装nova服务
[root@controller ~]# yum install openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-conductor openstack-nova-console openstack-nova-novncproxy openstack-nova-scheduler openstack-nova-placement-api -ycomputer安装nova服务
[root@computer ~]# yum install openstack-nova-compute -ycontroller安装neutron服务
[root@controller ~]# yum install openstack-neutron openstack-neutron-ml2 openstack-neutron-linuxbridge ebtables -ycomputer安装neutron服务
[root@computer ~]# yum install openstack-neutron-linuxbridge ebtables ipset -y安装dashboard组件
[root@controller ~]# yum install openstack-dashboard -y配置消息队列服务
开启服务
[root@controller ~]# systemctl startrabbitmq-server.service
[root@controller ~]# systemctl enable rabbitmq-server.service 添加用户
[root@controller ~]# rabbitmqctl add_user openstack openstack授权限
[root@controller ~]# rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*"配置memcached服务
修改配置文件
[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/memcached
PORT="11211"
USER="memcached"
MAXCONN="1024"
CACHESIZE="64"
OPTIONS="-l 127.0.0.1,::1,controller"启动服务
[root@controller ~]# systemctl start memcached.service
[root@controller ~]# systemctl enable memcached.service配置数据库服务
修改配置文件
[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
default-time_zone='+8:00'
bind-address = 192.168.29.145
default-storage-engine = innodb
innodb_file_per_table = on
max_connections = 4096
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
character-set-server = utf8启动服务
[root@controller ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@controller ~]# systemctl enable mysqld创建数据库
mysql> create database keystone;
mysql> create database glance;
mysql> create database nova;
mysql> create database nova_api;
mysql> create database nova_cell0;
mysql> create database neutron;授权用户
mysql> grant all privileges on keystone.* to 'keystone'@'localhost' identified by 'your_password';
mysql> grant all privileges on keystone.* to 'keystone'@'%' identified by 'your_password';
mysql> grant all privileges on glance.* to 'glance'@'localhost' identified by 'your_password';
mysql> grant all privileges on glance.* to 'glance'@'%' identified by 'your_password';
mysql> grant all privileges on nova.* to 'nova'@'localhost' identified by 'your_password';
mysql> grant all privileges on nova.* to 'nova'@'%' identified by 'your_password';
mysql> grant all privileges on nova_api.* to 'nova'@'localhost' identified by 'your_password';
mysql> grant all privileges on nova_api.* to 'nova'@'%' identified by 'your_password';
mysql> grant all privileges on nova_cell0.* to 'nova'@'localhost' identified by 'your_password';
mysql> grant all privileges on nova_cell0.* to 'nova'@'%' identified by 'your_password';
mysql> grant all privileges on neutron.* to 'neutron'@'localhost' identified by 'your_password';
mysql> grant all privileges on neutron.* to 'neutron'@'%' identified by 'your_password';
mysql> flush privileges;配置keystone服务
修改配置文件
[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/keystone/keystone.conf
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://keystone:your_password@controller/keystone
[token]
provider = fernet数据库同步
[root@controller ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "keystone-manage db_sync" keystone密钥库初始化
[root@controller ~]# keystone-manage fernet_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone
[root@controller ~]# keystone-manage credential_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone
[root@controller ~]# keystone-manage bootstrap --bootstrap-password openstack --bootstrap-admin-url http://controller:5000/v3/ --bootstrap-internal-url http://controller:5000/v3/ --bootstrap-public-url http://controller:5000/v3/ --bootstrap-region-id RegionOne配置httpd服务
#修改配置文件
[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
ServerName controller
#创建软连接
[root@controller ~]# ln -s /usr/share/keystone/wsgi-keystone.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/
#启动服务
[root@controller ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@controller ~]# systemctl enable httpd配置环境变量脚本
[root@controller ~]# vi admin-openrc
export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin
export OS_USERNAME=admin
export OS_PASSWORD=openstack
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:5000/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2验证环境变量
[root@controller ~]# source admin-openrc
[root@controller ~]# openstack token issue创建service项目
[root@controller ~]# openstack project create --domain default --description "Service Project" service配置glance服务
创建并配置glance用户
[root@controller ~]# openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt glance
[root@controller ~]# openstack role add --project service --user glance admin创建glance服务实体
[root@controller ~]# openstack service create --name glance --description "OpenStack Image" image创建glance服务端点
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image public http://controller:9292
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image internal http://controller:9292
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image admin http://controller:9292修改配置文件
[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:your_password@controller/glance
[keystone_authtoken]
auth_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:5000
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = Default
user_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
username = glance
password = glance
[paste_deploy]
flavor = keystone
[glance_store]
stores = file,http
default_store = file
filesystem_store_datadir = /var/lib/glance/images/[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:your_password@controller/glance
[keystone_authtoken]
auth_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:5000
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = Default
user_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
username = glance
password = glance
[paste_deploy]
flavor = keystone同步数据库
[root@controller ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "glance-manage db_sync" glance启动服务
[root@controller ~]# systemctl enable openstack-glance-api.service openstack-glance-registry.service
[root@controller ~]# systemctl start openstack-glance-api.service openstack-glance-registry.service上传镜像
[root@controller ~]# glance image-create --name Centos7--disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare --progress < CentOS-7-x86_64-GenericCloud-1907.qcow2
#查看镜像
[root@controller ~]# openstack image listController配置nova服务
创建并配置nova用户
[root@controller ~]# openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt nova
[root@controller ~]# openstack role add --project service --user nova admin创建nova服务实体
[root@controller ~]# openstack service create --name nova --description "OpenStack Compute" compute创建nova服务端点
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne compute public http://controller:8774/v2.1
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne compute internal http://controller:8774/v2.1
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne compute admin http://controller:8774/v2.1创建并配置placement用户
[root@controller ~]# openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt placement
[root@controller ~]# openstack role add --project service --user placement admin创建placement服务实体
[root@controller ~]# openstack service create --name placement --description "Placement API" placement创建placement服务端点
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne placement public http://controller:8778
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne placement internal http://controller:8778
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne placement admin http://controller:8778修改配置文件
[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/nova/nova.conf
[DEFAULT]
enabled_apis = osapi_compute,metadata
my_ip = 192.168.29.145
use_neutron = True
firewall_driver = nova.virt.firewall.NoopFirewallDriver
transport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@controller
[api_database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://nova:your_password@controller/nova_api
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://nova:your_password@controller/nova
[api]
auth_strategy = keystone
[keystone_authtoken]
auth_url = http://controller:5000/v3
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = nova
password = nova
[vnc]
enabled = true
server_listen = $my_ip
server_proxyclient_address = $my_ip
[glance]
api_servers = http://controller:9292
[oslo_concurrency]
lock_path = /var/lib/nova/tmp
[placement]
os_region_name = RegionOne
project_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
auth_type = password
user_domain_name = Default
auth_url = http://controller:5000/v3
username = placement
password = placement[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/00-nova-placement-api.conf
Listen 8778
WSGIProcessGroup nova-placement-api
WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}
WSGIPassAuthorization On
WSGIDaemonProcess nova-placement-api processes=3 threads=1 user=nova group=nova
WSGIScriptAlias / /usr/bin/nova-placement-api
= 2.4>
ErrorLogFormat "%M"
ErrorLog /var/log/nova/nova-placement-api.log
#SSLEngine On
#SSLCertificateFile ...
#SSLCertificateKeyFile ...
= 2.4>
Require all granted
= 2.4>
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
Alias /nova-placement-api /usr/bin/nova-placement-api
SetHandler wsgi-script
Options +ExecCGI
WSGIProcessGroup nova-placement-api
WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}
WSGIPassAuthorization On
重启httpd服务
[root@controller ~]# systemctl restart httpd同步数据库
[root@controller ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage api_db sync" nova
[root@controller ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage cell_v2 map_cell0" nova
[root@controller ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage cell_v2 create_cell --name=cell1 --verbose" nova
[root@controller ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage db sync" nova验证
[root@controller ~]# nova-manage cell_v2 list_cells启动服务
[root@controller ~]# systemctl start openstack-nova-api.service openstack-nova-consoleauth.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service openstack-nova-conductor.service openstack-nova-novncproxy.service
[root@controller ~]# systemctl enable openstack-nova-api.service openstack-nova-consoleauth.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service openstack-nova-conductor.service openstack-nova-novncproxy.servicecompute配置nova服务
修改配置文件
[root@compute ~]# vi /etc/nova/nova.conf
[DEFAULT]
enabled_apis = osapi_compute,metadata
transport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@controller
my_ip = 192.168.29.146
use_neutron = True
firewall_driver = nova.virt.firewall.NoopFirewallDriver
allow_resize_to_same_host = True
[api]
auth_strategy = keystone
[keystone_authtoken]
auth_url = http://controller:5000/v3
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = nova
password = nova
[vnc]
enabled = True
server_listen = 0.0.0.0
server_proxyclient_address = $my_ip
novncproxy_base_url = http://controller:6080/vnc_auto.html
[glance]
api_servers = http://controller:9292
[oslo_concurrency]
lock_path = /var/lib/nova/tmp
[placement]
os_region_name = RegionOne
project_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
auth_type = password
user_domain_name = Default
auth_url = http://controller:5000/v3
username = placement
password = placement
[libvirt]
virt_type = qemu启动服务
[root@compute ~]# systemctl start libvirtd.service openstack-nova-compute.service
[root@compute ~]# systemctl enable libvirtd.service openstack-nova-compute.servicecontroller添加computer进入数据库
#查看nova-compute结点
[root@controller ~]# openstack compute service list --service nova-compute
#添加数据库
[root@controller ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage cell_v2 discover_hosts --verbose" novacontroller配置neutron服务
创建并配置neutron用户
[root@controller ~]# openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt neutron
[root@controller ~]# openstack role add --project service --user neutron admin创建neutron服务实体
[root@controller ~]# openstack service create --name neutron --description "OpenStack Networking" network创建neutron服务端点
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne network public http://controller:9696
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne network internal http://controller:9696
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne network admin http://controller:9696修改配置文件
[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/neutron/neutron.conf
[DEFAULT]
core_plugin = ml2
service_plugins = router
allow_overlapping_ips = true
transport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@controller
auth_strategy = keystone
notify_nova_on_port_status_changes = true
notify_nova_on_port_data_changes = true
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://neutron:your_password@controller/neutron
[keystone_authtoken]
auth_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:35357
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = neutron
password = neutron
[nova]
auth_url = http://controller:35357
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
region_name = RegionOne
project_name = service
username = nova
password = nova
[oslo_concurrency]
lock_path = /var/lib/neutron/tmp[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini
[ml2]
type_drivers = flat,vlan,vxlan
tenant_network_types = vxlan
mechanism_drivers = linuxbridge,l2population
extension_drivers = port_security
[ml2_type_flat]
flat_networks = provider
[ml2_type_vxlan]
vni_ranges = 1:1000
[securitygroup]
enable_ipset = true[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini
[linux_bridge]
physical_interface_mappings = provider:ens37
[vxlan]
enable_vxlan = true
local_ip = 192.168.31.135
l2_population = true
[securitygroup]
enable_security_group = true
firewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini
[DEFAULT]
interface_driver = linuxbridge[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini
[DEFAULT]
interface_driver = linuxbridge
dhcp_driver = neutron.agent.linux.dhcp.Dnsmasq
enable_isolated_metadata = true[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini
[DEFAULT]
nova_metadata_host = controller
metadata_proxy_shared_secret = 000000[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/nova/nova.conf
[neutron]
url = http://controller:9696
auth_url = http://controller:35357
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
region_name = RegionOne
project_name = service
username = neutron
password = neutron
service_metadata_proxy = true
metadata_proxy_shared_secret = 000000创建软链接
[root@controller ~]# ln -s /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini /etc/neutron/plugin.ini同步数据库
[root@controller ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "neutron-db-manage --config-file /etc/neutron/neutron.conf --config-file /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini upgrade head" neutron启动服务
#重启nova-api服务
[root@controller ~]# systemctl restart openstack-nova-api.service
[root@controller ~]# systemctl start neutron-server.service neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service neutron-dhcp-agent.service neutron-metadata-agent.service neutron-l3-agent.service
[root@controller ~]# systemctl enable neutron-server.service neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service neutron-dhcp-agent.service neutron-metadata-agent.service neutron-l3-agent.servicecomputer配置neutron服务
修改配置文件
[root@computer ~]# vi /etc/neutron/neutron.conf
[DEFAULT]
transport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@controller
auth_strategy = keystone
[keystone_authtoken]
auth_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:35357
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = neutron
password = neutron
[oslo_concurrency]
lock_path = /var/lib/neutron/tmp[root@computer ~]# vi /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini
[linux_bridge]
physical_interface_mappings = provider:ens37
[vxlan]
enable_vxlan = true
local_ip = 192.168.31.136
l2_population = true
[securitygroup]
enable_security_group = true
firewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver[root@computer ~]# vi /etc/nova/nova.conf
[neutron]
url = http://controller:9696
auth_url = http://controller:35357
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
region_name = RegionOne
project_name = service
username = neutron
password = neutron启动服务
#重启nova-compute服务
[root@compute ~]# systemctl stop openstack-nova-compute.service
[root@compute ~]# systemctl start openstack-nova-compute.service
#注:直接restart重启可能会导致报错
[root@compute ~]# systemctl start neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service
[root@compute ~]# systemctl enable neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service验证
[root@controller ~]# openstack network agent list
#查看日志
[root@computer ~]# tail /var/log/nova/nova-compute.log配置dashboard组件
修改配置文件
[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings
OPENSTACK_HOST = "controller"
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*', 'two.example.com']
SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache'
CACHES = {
'default': {
'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache',
'LOCATION': 'controller:11211',
}
}
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_URL = "http://%s:5000/v3" % OPENSTACK_HOST
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_MULTIDOMAIN_SUPPORT = True
OPENSTACK_API_VERSIONS = {
"identity": 3,
"image": 2,
"volume": 2,
}
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_DEFAULT_DOMAIN = "Default"
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_DEFAULT_ROLE = "user"[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/openstack-dashboard.conf
WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}重启服务
[root@controller ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service memcached.service访问web界面
浏览器访问http://ip/dashboard
部署云主机
部署云主机步骤可参考:https://blog.51cto.com/14832653/2516129