天天生鲜项目实战(一)

github地址:https://github.com/AboutTigerShark/dailyfresh

1.项目的创建(ubuntu)

1.首先我们要创建一个虚拟环境并指定python版本,这里不说明虚拟环境怎么安装配置.
输入mkvirtualenv --python=/home/idot/py3/bin/python3.4.exe py3django创建虚拟环境
2.输入workon py3django进入虚拟环境,在这个虚拟环境中安装需要的依赖包
pip install django==1.8.2(我使用的django版本)
pip insatll PyMySQL (python连接mysql需要的模块,值得注意的是原本的mysql-python不支持py3.x所以用PyMySQL,但是在dailyfresh目录下的__init__.py文件中需要添加如下代码
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
)
3.cd到一个存放源码的目录下,在此目录下创建django项目
输入django-admin startproject dailyfresh,dailyfresh是项目名
4.至此项目创建完成,这个项目总共有4个模块对应4个app,分别是用户管理模块user_manage,商品管理模块goods_manage,购物车管理模块cart_manage,订单管理模块order_manage

这是基本的目录

2.静态文件的导入(html,js,css)

在项目的根目录下创建名为templates的文件夹用于存放静态网页文件,下面是静态网页文件的github地址
https://github.com/AboutTigerShark/dailyfresh_static_file

3.app的创建和setting中需要的配置

1.用户模块主要实现登录注册以及用户地址用户订单等,首先在创建完项目的路径下创建app,并在在setting.py中安装app(这里一次性把所有模块列出来是为了方便,实际我在做的时候是一个模块一个模块完成的)
创建app命令如下
python manage.py startapp user_manage
python manage.py startapp goods_manage
python manage.py startapp cart_manage
python manage.py startapp order_manage

setting.py
1.1 app的安装

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'user_manage',     # 用户管理模块
    'goods_manage',  # 商品管理模块
    'cart_manage',  # 购物车管理模块
    'order_manage',  # 订单管理模块
    'tinymce',   # 富文本编辑器
)

1.2 templates的路径设置

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],   # 网页等静态文件存放路径
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

1.3 mysql配置
需要在mysql中先建好数据库(create database dailyfresh charset=utf8;)再进行setting中的配置

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'USER': 'root',    # 用户名
        'PASSWORD': 'root',  # 密码
        'HOST': 'localhost',  # IP地址,这里是本机用localhost
        'PORT': '3306',  # 默认端口3306
        'NAME': 'dailyfresh',  # 数据库名,需要事先创建好
    }
}

1.4 其他静态文件(如图片)的存放以及文件上传的路径配置

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')]

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
# 部署后的文件上传目录
# MEDIA_ROOT = '/var/www/dailyfresh/static'

2.user_manage模型类的创建和迁移
models.py

from django.db import models

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    uname =  models.CharField(max_length=20)  # 用户名
    upwd = models.CharField(max_length=40)  # 密码
    uemail = models.CharField(max_length=30)  # 邮箱
    ureceive = models.CharField(max_length=20, default='')  # 快递接收者
    uadress = models.CharField(max_length=120, default='')  # 送货地址
    uzipcode = models.CharField(max_length=6, default='')  # 邮编
    uphonenumber = models.CharField(max_length=11, default='')  # 电话号码
    

模型类创建好后需要迁移,迁移所需的命令如下(项目根目录下)
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
注意如果之前没有在setting中安装应用名,将无法迁移,迁移完成后可以去mysql中查看一下表是否新建成功

4.user_manage的视图
view.py

#coding = utf-8
from django.core.paginator import Paginator
from django.http import JsonResponse, HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from hashlib import sha1

from goods_manage.models import GoodsInfo
from order_manage.models import OrderInfo, OrderDetailInfo
from user_manage import login_decorator
from user_manage.models import UserInfo

# 判断用户名是否存在
def uname_exits(request):
    uname = request.GET.get('uname')
    count = UserInfo.objects.filter(uname=uname).count()
    return JsonResponse({'count': count})

def register(request):
    return render(request, 'user_manage/register.html')

#  注册表单的处理
def register_handle(request):
    post = request.POST
    uname = post['user_name']
    upwd = post['pwd']
    upwd2 = post['cpwd']
    uemail = post['email']
    if upwd2 != upwd:
        return redirect('/user/register/')
    sha = sha1()
    sha.update(upwd.encode('utf8'))
    upwd3 = sha.hexdigest()
    userinfo = UserInfo()
    userinfo.uname = uname
    userinfo.upwd = upwd3
    userinfo.uemail = uemail
    userinfo.save()
    return redirect('/user/login/')

def login(request):
    uname = request.COOKIES.get('uname', '')   # 从cookie中取用户名，取不到置为空
    context = {'title': '登录', 'error_name': 0, 'error_pwd': 0, 'uname': uname}
    return render(request, 'user_manage/login.html', context)

# 登录表单的处理
def login_handle(request):
    post = request.POST
    uname = post['username']
    upwd = post['pwd']
    remember_name = post.get('remmamber_name', 0)
    user = UserInfo.objects.filter(uname=uname)
    if(len(user) == 1):
        sha = sha1()
        sha.update(upwd.encode('utf8'))
        if(sha.hexdigest() == user[0].upwd):
            url = request.COOKIES.get('url', '/goods/index/')  # 登录成功跳转到先前的url
            red = HttpResponseRedirect(url)  # HttpResponseRedirect继承于HttpResponse.
            if(remember_name != 0):
                red.set_cookie('uname', uname)
            else:
                red.set_cookie('uname', uname, max_age=-1)
            request.session['user_id'] = user[0].id
            request.session['user_name'] = uname
            return red
        else:
            context = {'title': '登录', 'error_name': 0, 'error_pwd': 1, 'uname': uname, 'upwd': upwd}
            return render(request, 'user_manage/login.html', context)


    else:
        context = {'title': '登录', 'error_name': 1, 'error_pwd': 0, 'uname': uname, 'upwd': upwd}
        return render(request, 'user_manage/login.html', context)

# 退出登录状态时清空session
def logout(request):
    request.session.flush()
    return redirect('/goods/index/')

# 用户信息的显示
@login_decorator.login
def info(request):
    goods_ids = request.COOKIES.get('goods_id', '')
    goods_ids1 = goods_ids.split(',')
    goods_list = []
    for goods_id in goods_ids1:
        try:  # 这里加个异常判断不然goods_id为空的话就会抛异常,空字符串不能转为int
            goods_list.append(GoodsInfo.objects.get(id=int(goods_id)))
        except ValueError:
            pass
    uname = request.session.get('user_name', 'zhangsan')
    uemail = UserInfo.objects.get(pk=request.session['user_id']).uemail
    context = {'uname': uname, 'uemail': uemail, 'page_name': 1, 'goods_list': goods_list}
    return render(request, 'user_manage/user_center_info.html', context)


# 用户地址的存储
@login_decorator.login
def site(request):
    user = UserInfo.objects.filter(pk=request.session['user_id'])[0]  # 返回的是一个queryset集合，集合没有save()方法，取第一个元素即可.
    if request.method == 'POST':  # 区分超链接和POST请求，如果是超链接请求，不执行if块
        post = request.POST
        user.ureceive = post.get('receiver')
        user.uadress = post.get('address')
        user.uzipcode = post.get('zipcode')
        user.uphonenumber = post.get('phonenumber')
        user.save()
    context = {'title': '用户中心', 'user': user, 'page_name': 1}
    return render(request, 'user_manage/user_center_site.html', context)

# 用户订单的显示,按是否支付和时间排序
@login_decorator.login
def user_center_order(request, pageindex):
    uid = request.session.get('user_id')
    orderinfos = OrderInfo.objects.filter(user_id=uid).order_by('oIsPay', '-oid')

    # print(type(orderinfos))
    paginator = Paginator(orderinfos, 2)
    page = paginator.page(int(pageindex))

    context = {'page_name': 1, orderinfos': orderinfos, 'paginator': paginator, 'page': page}
    return render(request, 'user_manage/user_center_order.html', context)

5.路由配置
urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from user_manage import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^register/$', views.register),
    url(r'^register_handle/$', views.register_handle),
    url(r'^login/$', views.login),
    url(r'^login_handle/$', views.login_handle),
    url(r'^logout', views.logout),
    url(r'^info/$', views.info),
    url(r'^order/$', views.order),
    url(r'^user_order(\d+)/$', views.user_center_order),
    url(r'^site/$', views.site),
]

6.装饰器,用来判断用户是否登录
login_decorator.py

from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect

# 用于需要登录才能访问的页面的装饰器
def login(func):
    def login_dec(request, *args, **kwargs):
        if 'user_id' in request.session:  # 不支持request.session.has_key()方法
            return func(request, *args, **kwargs)
        else:
            red = HttpResponseRedirect('/user/login/')
            red.set_cookie('url', request.get_full_path())  # 保存完整路径,登录完可跳转回原页面
            return red
    return login_dec

到这里user-manage模块基本完成.