之前接触过 这里就不赘述了,直接上代码:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Tue Feb 27 13:38:02 2018
@author: xuanxuan
"""
#open a file
'''
def main():
file=open("E:/pyhtonworkspace/py3-pratice/bymyself_practice/python_Liaoxuefeng/20180227/xuanxuan.txt",'r')
print(file.read())
main()
'''
#打开文件需要进行关闭,一种方法是使用try...finally... 另外一种方法是使用with...open...as
'''
def main():
try:
file=open("E:/pyhtonworkspace/py3-pratice/bymyself_practice/python_Liaoxuefeng/20180227/xuanxuan.txt",'r')
print(file.read())
finally:
file.close()
main()
'''
#使用with和try...finally效果是一样的 但是代码更简单 而且不用写close()函数
'''
def main():
with open("E:/pyhtonworkspace/py3-pratice/bymyself_practice/python_Liaoxuefeng/20180227/xuanxuan.txt",'r') as file:
print(file.read())
main()
'''
#下面熟悉一下readlines()函数的用法
'''
def main():
with open("E:/pyhtonworkspace/py3-pratice/bymyself_practice/python_Liaoxuefeng/20180227/xuanxuan.txt",'r') as file:
for line in file.readlines(): #readlines()函数会读取文件的全部内容 存成一个list列表,每一行是list的一个元素
#print(line.strip()) #strip()函数去掉尾部\n
print(line)
main()
'''
#下面熟悉一下readline()函数的用法
'''
def main():
file=open("E:/pyhtonworkspace/py3-pratice/bymyself_practice/python_Liaoxuefeng/20180227/xuanxuan.txt",'r')
for i in range(3):
print(file.readline())
file.close()
main()
'''
#上面都是打开文本文件,如果是打开二进制文件,只需要'rb'即可
'''
def main():
file=open("E:/pyhtonworkspace/py3-pratice/bymyself_practice/python_Liaoxuefeng/20180227/cat.jpg",'rb')
print(file.read())
file.close()
main()
'''
#另外就是如果是写入其他的编码格式的文件 可以使用open()函数的encoding参数设为对应的编码即可
'''
def main():
with open("E:/pyhtonworkspace/py3-pratice/bymyself_practice/python_Liaoxuefeng/20180227/xuanxuan.txt",'r',encoding='gbk') as file:
print(file.read())
main()
'''
#如果是文本中混入了其他类型的编码格式 就会出现UnicodeEncodeError 只需要通过open()函数的errors参数传入值ignore 也就是直接忽略相关错误即可
'''
def main():
with open("E:/pyhtonworkspace/py3-pratice/bymyself_practice/python_Liaoxuefeng/20180227/xuanxuan.txt",'r',encoding='gbk',errors='ignore') as file:
print(file.read())
main()
'''
#当我们需要像磁盘中写入文件时;必须得等到打开的文件关闭之后才可能看到文件中的内容变化情况
'''
def main():
file=open("E:/pyhtonworkspace/py3-pratice/bymyself_practice/python_Liaoxuefeng/20180227/xuanxuan2.txt",'w')
file.write("哈哈哈,我就是试一下往磁盘中写入数据的操作!")
file.close() #当使用write操作时一定要注意写完之后需要把文件关闭,否则是看不到数据的
main()
'''
#使用with 代码更简单 且不需要再写close
'''
def main():
with open("E:/pyhtonworkspace/py3-pratice/bymyself_practice/python_Liaoxuefeng/20180227/xuanxuan2.txt",'w') as file:
file.write("I just try it !")
main()
'''
#其实你会发现使用w的方式往磁盘中写入数据时 后一次的操作会覆盖掉前一次的操作,因此我们需要使用追加的方式:a
def main():
with open("E:/pyhtonworkspace/py3-pratice/bymyself_practice/python_Liaoxuefeng/20180227/xuanxuan2.txt",'a') as file:
file.write("注意啦,我是追加部分!")
main()
下面附上一个习题:
“请将本地一个文本文件读为一个str并打印出来:”
def main():
with open("E:/pyhtonworkspace/py3-pratice/bymyself_practice/python_Liaoxuefeng/20180227/xuanxuan3.txt") as file:
s=file.read()
print(s)
main()
首先使用StringIO 有两种模式:第一种是StringIO()无参数 直接用write写进去 再用getvalue()读取str;另外一种就是使用StringIO()里面有str内容然后使用readline()对函数内容进行读取
>>> from io import StringIO
>>> file=StringIO()
>>> file.write("好好学习")
4
>>> file.write("天天向上")
4
>>> file.getvalue()
'好好学习天天向上'
>>>
>>> from io import StringIO
>>> file=StringIO("好好学习\n天天向上\n加油噻!")
>>> while True:
... content=file.readline()
... if content=='':
... break
... print(content) #如果不想输出结果之间的空格太大可以使用content.strip()函数去除尾部\n
...
好好学习
天天向上
加油噻!
>>>
>>> from io import StringIO
>>> file=StringIO("hello\nworld\nhello\nxuanxuan")
>>> for line in file.readlines():
... print(line.strip())
...
hello
world
hello
xuanxuan
>>> from io import BytesIO
>>> file=BytesIO() #首先创建一个BytesIO()再写入
>>> file.write("哈哈".encode('utf-8'))
6
>>> file.getvalue() #getvalue()方法得到值
b'\xe5\x93\x88\xe5\x93\x88'
from io import BytesIO
>>> file=BytesIO(b'\xe7\x92\x87\xe7\x92\x87') #也可以先用一个bytes初始化BytesIO然后再像文件一样读取
>>> file.read()
b'\xe7\x92\x87\xe7\x92\x87'
>>>
>>> from io import StringIO
>>> file=StringIO("璇璇\n是一个\n好孩子!\n")
>>> for line in file.readlines():
... print(line.strip())
...
璇璇
是一个
好孩子!
>>>
>>> from io import StringIO
>>> file=StringIO("璇璇\n是一个\n好孩子!")
>>> file.read()
'璇璇\n是一个\n好孩子!'
>>>
>>> from io import StringIO
>>> file=StringIO("璇璇\n是一个\n好孩子!")
>>> while True:
... content=file.readline()
... if content=='':
... break
... print(content.strip())
...
璇璇
是一个
好孩子!
发现我看不懂了,哦多剋,,、
直接上一段代码:
>>>
>>> import pickle
>>> d=dict(name='xuanxuan',age=22,score=100)
>>> pickle.dumps(d)
b'\x80\x03}q\x00(X\x04\x00\x00\x00nameq\x01X\x08\x00\x00\x00xuanxuanq\x02X\x03\x00\x00\x00ageq\x03K\x16X\x05\x00\x00\x00scoreq\x04Kdu.'
>>>
>>>
>>> import pickle
>>> d=dict(name='xuanxuan',age=20,score=100)
>>> file=open("E:/pyhtonworkspace/py3-pratice/bymyself_practice/python_Liaoxuefeng/20180227/xuanxuan5.txt",'wb')
>>> pickle.dump(d,file)
>>> file.close()
>>>
>>>
>>> file=open("E:/pyhtonworkspace/py3-pratice/bymyself_practice/python_Liaoxuefeng/20180227/xuanxuan5.txt",'rb')
>>> data=pickle.load(file)
>>> data
{'name': 'xuanxuan', 'age': 20, 'score': 100}
>>>
>>> import json
>>> d=dict(name='xuanxuan',age=22,score=100) #dict对象可以使用json.dumps转换成字符串
>>> json.dumps(d)
'{"name": "xuanxuan", "age": 22, "score": 100}'
>> import json
>>> json_str='{"name": "xuanxuan", "age": 22, "score": 100}'
>>> d=json.loads(json_str)
>>> d
{'name': 'xuanxuan', 'age': 22, 'score': 100}
#如果不是一个dict对象,而是一个class对象
>>>
>>> class Student(object):
... def __init__(self,name,age,score):
... self.name=name
... self.score=score
... self.age=age
...
>>> s=Student('xuanxuan',22,100)
>>> import json
>>> print(json.dumps(s))
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "" , line 1, in
File "G:\Anaconda\lib\json\__init__.py", line 231, in dumps
return _default_encoder.encode(obj)
File "G:\Anaconda\lib\json\encoder.py", line 199, in encode
chunks = self.iterencode(o, _one_shot=True)
File "G:\Anaconda\lib\json\encoder.py", line 257, in iterencode
return _iterencode(o, 0)
File "G:\Anaconda\lib\json\encoder.py", line 180, in default
o.__class__.__name__)
TypeError: Object of type 'Student' is not JSON serializable
修改之后变为:
>>>
>>> class Student(object):
... def __init__(self,name,age,score):
... self.name=name
... self.age=age
... self.score=score
...
>>> def student2dict(std):
... return {'name':std.name,'age':std.age,'score':std.score}
...
>>> import json
>>> s=Student('xuanxuan',22,100)
>>> print(json.dumps(s,default=student2dict))
{"name": "xuanxuan", "age": 22, "score": 100}
>>>
另外还可以:
>>>
>>> class Student(object):
... def __init__(self,name,age,score):
... self.name=name
... self.age=age
... self.score=score
...
>>> s1=Student('xuanxuanzhang',23,100)
>>> import json
>>> print(json.dumps(s1,default=lambda obj:obj.__dict__))
{"name": "xuanxuanzhang", "age": 23, "score": 100}
>>>
>> class Student(object):
... def __init__(self,name,age,score):
... self.name=name
... self.age=age
... self.score=score
...
>>> def dict2student(d):
... return Student(d['name'],d['age'],d['score'])
...
>>> json_str = '{"age": 20, "score": 88, "name": "Bob"}'
>>> print(json.loads(json_str,object_hook=dict2student))
<__main__.Student object at 0x0000015DAC52CD30>
>>>
当遇到dict中出现中文需要序列化时:
>>>
>>> import json
>>> d=dict(name='璇璇',age=20)
>>> s=json.dumps(d,ensure_ascii=True)
>>> print(s)
{"name": "\u7487\u7487", "age": 20}
>>> s2=json.dumps(d,ensure_ascii=False)
>>> print(s2)
{"name": "璇璇", "age": 20}
>>>