container_of大法好

在设备驱动中经常看见container_of,根据结构体中某个成员变量的指针找到该结构体的指针,这样在指针传递时可以只传递结构体中某个变量的指针,使用container_of就能找到该结构体的指针
使用container_of宏需要包含linux/kernel.h头文件,container_of宏的定义如下所示:

#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({ \
     const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr); \
     (type *)( (char *)__mptr - offsetof(type,member) );})    

container_of宏分为两部分,

第一部分:

const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr);

通过typeof定义一个member指针类型的指针变量__mptr,(即__mptr是指向member类型的指针),并将__mptr赋值为ptr。

第二部分:

 (type *)( (char *)__mptr - offsetof(type,member) )

通过offsetof宏计算出member在type中的偏移,然后用member的实际地址__mptr减去偏移,得到type的起始地址,即指向type类型的指针。

示例程序如下:

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#define NAME_STR_LEN 128

typedef struct student_info {
    int id;
    char name[NAME_STR_LEN];
    int age;
} student_info;
static int get_info_from_id(int *ptr_id);
int main(void)
{   
    int ret;
    size_t off_set = 0;

    off_set = offsetof(student_info, id);//成员age相对student_info的偏移地址
    printf("id offset = %u\n", off_set);

    off_set = offsetof(student_info, name);
    printf("name offset = %u\n", off_set);

    off_set = offsetof(student_info, age);
    printf("age offset = %u\n", off_set);

    student_info *stu = (student_info *)malloc(sizeof(student_info));
    stu->age = 24;
    stu->id = 0;
    strcpy(stu->name, "yangguang");

    if (ret = get_info_from_id(&stu->id)) {
        printf("OK\n");
    }

    return ret;
}

static int get_info_from_id(int *ptr_id)
{
    student_info *stu = container_of(ptr_id, student_info, id);
    if (stu == NULL) {
        printf("get info from id error!\n");
        return -1;
    }
    else {
        printf("id = %d\n", stu->id);
        printf("age = %d\n", stu->age);
        printf("name = %s\n", stu->name);
    }

    return 0;
}

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