PXE 部署不同版本的系统安装环境以及挽救环境

环境Redhat7.3

---

软件准本工作：

[root@localhost ~]# yum install httpd tftp-server dhcpd syslinux system-config-kickstart -y 

---

软件环境的逐个配置：

1.httpd :

---

1  [root@localhost ~] mkdir /var/www/html/redhat73
  2  [root@localhost ~] mkdir /var/www/html/redhat72
  3  [root@localhost ~] mkdir /var/www/html/redhat68
  4  [root@localhost ~] mount /iso/rhel-server7.2****.iso /var/www/html/redhat72
  5  [root@localhost ~] mount /iso/rhel-server7.3***.iso /var/www/html/redhat73
  6  [root@localhost ~] mount /iso/rhel-server6.8***.iso /var/www/html/redhat68
  7  [root@localhost ~] service httpd start
  8  [root@localhost ~] chkconfig httpd on

---

2.system-config-kickstart:

在shell中直接运行软将名字，按照一步步的配置即可，最后把ks.cfg文件保存到httpd共享的不同目录下，可以用ksvalidator命令检查语法错误，中共配合三个ks文件分别保存在/var/www/html/ks7,ks72,ks68目录下

3.tftp-server:

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 
13         server_args             = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
 14         disable                 = no  #yes修改为no
 15         per_source              = 11
 16         cps                     = 100 2
[root@localhost linux]# cd /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@localhost tftpboot]# cp /var/www/html/redhat72/isolinux/vmlinuz redhat72/
[root@localhost tftpboot]# cp /var/www/html/source/redhat72/isolinux/initrd.img redhat72/
#redhat6.8和redhat7.3一样，从挂载镜像中将initrd.img,vmlinuz 复制到http共享目录中的对应文件夹
[root@localhost tftpboot]# mkdir pxelinux.cfg 
[root@localhost tftpboot]# cp /var/www/html/redhat73/isolinux/isolinux.cfg ./pxelinux.cfg/default
[root@localhost tftpboot]# cp /var/www/html/source/redhat73/isolinux/vesamenu.c32 .
#isolinux.cfg和vesamenu.c32任意一个系统的考个iuolai都可以
[root@localhost tftpboot]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 .
#pxelinux.0 此文件是在安装主机获得dhcp分配的ip以后要读取的文件

[root@localhost tftpboot]# cat pxelinux.cfg/default
default vesamenu.c32
timeout 30  #30代表3秒选择时间，默认600（即一分钟）

display boot.msg

# Clear the screen when exiting the menu, instead of leaving the menu displayed.
# For vesamenu, this means the graphical background is still displayed without
# the menu itself for as long as the screen remains in graphics mode.
menu clear
menu background splash.png
menu title Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.3
menu vshift 8
menu rows 18
menu margin 8
#menu hidden
menu helpmsgrow 15
menu tabmsgrow 13

# Border Area
menu color border * #00000000 #00000000 none

# Selected item
menu color sel 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

# Title bar
menu color title 0 #ff7ba3d0 #00000000 none

# Press [Tab] message
menu color tabmsg 0 #ff3a6496 #00000000 none

# Unselected menu item
menu color unsel 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none

# Selected hotkey
menu color hotsel 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none

# Unselected hotkey
menu color hotkey 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

# Help text
menu color help 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

# A scrollbar of some type? Not sure.
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #ff355594 none

# Timeout msg
menu color timeout 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
menu color timeout_msg 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

# Command prompt text
menu color cmdmark 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none
menu color cmdline 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

# Do not display the actual menu unless the user presses a key. All that is displayed is a timeout message.

menu tabmsg Press Tab for full configuration options on menu items.

menu separator # insert an empty line
menu separator # insert an empty line

##########################################################################
################# INSTALL CONFIG OPTION BEGIN ############################
##########################################################################

label linux
  menu label ^Install RedHat 7.3 Linux 
  kernel redhat73/vmlinuz
  append initrd=redhat73/initrd.img  ks=http://192.168.1.100/ks7/ks.cfg  
  *#次数不再需要写repo地址了，因为在ks.cfg文件中已经指定了从哪里获取相应的镜像,也指定了安装过程中的各种选择*

label linux
  menu label ^Install RedHat 7.2 Linux 
#此处也必须要指定内核文件的准确位置，默认读取的内核文件在tftpboot下，此处我们部署的是多个版本，故具体版本读取相应目录下的文件
  menu default
  append initrd=redhat72/initrd.img  ks=http://192.168.1.100/ks72/ks.cfg 

label linux
  menu label  ^Install RedHat 6.8 Linux
  kernel redhat68/vmlinuz
  append initrd=redhat68/initrd.img  ks=http://192.168.1.100/ks6/ksmini.cfg 

############# END LINE FOR LEBEL INSTALL OPTIONS ######################################


######################################################
######### Rescue Mode for all options config     #####
######################################################

# utilities submenu
menu begin ^Rescue Mode
  menu title Rescue Mode

 label rescue
  menu indent count 5
  menu label ^Rescue mode for RedHat 7.3 
  text help
    If the system will not boot, this lets you access files
    and edit config files to try to get it booting again.
  endtext
  kernel redhat73/vmlinuz
  append initrd=redhat73/initrd.img repo=http://192.168.1.100/source/redhat73 rescue quiet
#挽救环境必须写repo地址，此处不是安装，故也不需要ks文件，所以此处必须指定从哪里获取挽救环境所需要的资源
 label rescue
  menu indent count 5
  menu label ^Rescue mode for RedHat 7.2 
  text help
    If the system will not boot, this lets you access files
    and edit config files to try to get it booting again.
  endtext
  kernel redhat72/vmlinuz
  append initrd=redhat72/initrd.img repo=http://192.168.1.100/source/redhat72 rescue quiet


 label rescue
  menu indent count 5
  menu label ^Rescue mode for RedHat 6.8 
  text help
    If the system will not boot, this lets you access files
    and edit config files to try to get it booting again.
  endtext
  kernel redhat68/vmlinuz
  append initrd=redhat68/initrd.img repo=http://192.168.1.100/source/redhat68  rescue quiet

label returntomain
  menu label Return to ^main menu
  menu exit

menu end

###################### END LINE FOR RESCUE MODE ########################################
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start tftp
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable tftp

dhcpd的配置：

[root@localhost tftpboot]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf |grep -v '#' 

option domain-name "example.com";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.100;

default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;

log-facility local7;

subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  range 192.168.1.20 192.168.1.99;
  option routers 192.168.1.250;
  next-server 192.168.1.100;
  filename "pxelinux.0";
}

配置完成了必须考虑到防火墙，不然防火墙会把httpd共享和tftp都阻塞，进而服务端访问不到，当然关闭防火墙一切搞定,这样肯定不安全，我不喜欢这样，所以作一下防火墙策略ok：

[root@localhost tftpboot]# firewall-cmd --add-service=httpd --permanent 
[root@localhost tftpboot]# firewall-cmd --add-service=tftp --permanent 
[root@localhost tftpboot]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: br0 enp8s0 wlp9s0
  sources: 
  services: dhcpv6-client ftp http ssh tftp ##说明添加上了
  ports: 4505/tcp 4506/tcp
  protocols: 
  masquerade: yes
  forward-ports: 
  sourceports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules: 
    rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.0.10" masquerade