如何用阿里云服务器搭建个人网站

以下内容均在阿里云 CentOS 7.0 64 位环境下运行
用 Nodejs 提供服务

更新 yum 并创建用户

$ yum update # 最好更新，否则过程中有可能会出问题
$ useradd -m username
$ passwd username
$ usermod -a -G wheel username # 为用户添加 sudo 权限

安装 Nginx

# install nginx
$ sudo yum install -y nginx

# start nginx
$ sudo systemctl start nginx.service

# Optional, auto run when power on
$ sudo systemctl enable nginx.service

支持 HTTPS

将 nginx 证书文件（一个 .key 一个 .pem 文件）上传到服务器 /etc/nginx/cert/ 目录下（如没有，要手动创建）。以下代码不具有适用性，如果看不懂，就手动自己实现上面的操作。

# server_ip 为服务器 ip
# local_cert_fold 为本地证书存放文件夹
# 留意，此处要输入两遍密码
$ ssh root@server_ip \
"[ -d /etc/nginx/cert/ ] && echo ok || mkdir -p /etc/nginx/cert/" && \
scp /local_cert_fold/* root@server_ip:/etc/nginx/cert/

修改 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 中的配置，my_ssl_cert 替换为自己的文件名

    ssl_certificate "cert/my_ssl_cert.pem";
    ssl_certificate_key "cert/my_ssl_cert.key";

重启 nginx

$ sudo systemctl restart nginx.service

安装 Nodejs

安装 nvm，方便 nodejs 的版本管理。若安装后出现 nvm: command not found，新打开个 terminal 或重新登录即可，详见 nvm github

$ wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.34.0/install.sh | bash

安装 nodejs

$ nvm install --lts

安装 cnpm（可选）

$ npm i -g cnpm --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org

安装 pm2

$ cnpm i -g pm2

推荐

Jenkins & Docker

Docker

详见 Get Docker Engine - Community for CentOS

1. Uninstall old versions

$ sudo yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine

2. Install Docker Engine - Community

# Install required packages. 
# yum-utils provides the yum-config-manager utility, 
# and device-mapper-persistent-data 
# and lvm2 are required by the devicemapper storage driver.
$ sudo yum install -y yum-utils \
  device-mapper-persistent-data \
  lvm2
  
# 此处用了国内镜像
# 原镜像为 https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
$ sudo yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
   
#Install the latest version of Docker Engine - Community and containerd 
$ sudo yum -y install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

# Start Docker
$ sudo systemctl start docker.service

# Optional, set docker auto run when power on
$ sudo systemctl enable docker.service

Jenkins

此处选择的 docker 模式，所以要先完成 docker 的安装，详见 安装Jenkins

1. 安装 jenkins 镜像

$ docker run \
  -u root \
  --name="jenkins" \
  --rm \
  -d \
  -p 8080:8080 \
  -p 50000:50000 \
  -v jenkins-data:/var/jenkins_home \
  -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
  jenkinsci/blueocean

2. 访问 http://server_ip:8080 完成后续步骤，详见 安装后设置向导，需要输入 admin password 的见下文

$ docker logs jenkins # 查看 admin password

# OR
$ docker exec jenkins cat /var/jenkins_home/secrets/initialAdminPassword

Nginx 可视化管理

安装 MariaDB（MySQL）

$ yum install -y mariadb-server

$ systemctl start mariadb.service

快速启动

找个目录，新建两个文件，详见 nginx-proxy-manager
config.json

{
  "database": {
    "engine": "mysql",
    "host": "db",
    "name": "npm",
    "user": "npm",
    "password": "npm",
    "port": 3306
  }
}

docker-compose.yml

version: "3"
services:
  app:
    image: jc21/nginx-proxy-manager:latest
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 80:80
      - 81:81
      - 443:443
    volumes:
      - ./config.json:/app/config/production.json
      - ./data:/data
      - ./letsencrypt:/etc/letsencrypt
    depends_on:
      - db
    environment:
    # if you want pretty colors in your docker logs:
    - FORCE_COLOR=1
  db:
    image: mariadb:latest
    restart: always
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: "npm"
      MYSQL_DATABASE: "npm"
      MYSQL_USER: "npm"
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: "npm"
    volumes:
      - ./data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql

在此目录下运行 docker-compose up -d 后，访问 http://server_ip:81 即可

MongoDB

详见 Install MongoDB Community Edition

1. Create a /etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb-org-4.2.repo file

$ vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb-org-4.2.repo # 粘贴入以下内容

[mongodb-org-4.2]
name=MongoDB Repository
baseurl=https://repo.mongodb.org/yum/redhat/$releasever/mongodb-org/4.2/x86_64/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-4.2.asc

2. Install the MongoDB packages and start MongoDB

$ yum install -y mongodb-org

$ systemctl start mongod.service