Vue+Django+restfulFramework项目示例

目录

一、vue配置和组件

1、创建脚手架

2、运行

3、显示组件

4、写路由

5、写Login组件

6、发送ajax请求：axios

7、vuex：保存所有组件共用的变量

8、vue-cookies：操作cookie

二、前端代码：

index.html

App.vue

router\index.js

组件components

保存全局使用的变量store

 

三、Django后端代码：

urls.py:

views.py:

---

一、vue配置和组件

安装vue前端框架：

修改源：
    npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org

创建脚手架：
    vue init webpack Vue项目名称
    #记得把route的这个设置为yes,其他的设置为no 比如: Install vue-router? Yes
   

插件：
    axios，发送Ajax请求
    vuex，保存所有组件共用的变量
    vue-cookies，操作cookie

二、流程详细

1、创建脚手架

#可以用淘宝源来下载，这样下载的快
npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org
vue init webpack

#把route的那一个设置为yes,其他的设置为no

2、运行

cd Vue项目名称
npm run dev

3、显示组件

# 用于点击查看组件
首页
               
# 组件显示的位置

4、写路由

import Vue from 'vue'
import Router from 'vue-router'
import HelloWorld from '@/components/HelloWorld'
import Index from '@/components/Index'
import Login from '@/components/Login'
import Micro from '@/components/Micro'
import News from '@/components/News'
import Course from '@/components/Course'
import CourseDetail from '@/components/CourseDetail'
import NotFound from '@/components/NotFound'

Vue.use(Router)

export default new Router({
  routes: [
    {
      path: '/',
      name: 'HelloWorld',
      component: HelloWorld
    },
    {
      path: '/index',
      name: 'index',
      component: Index
    },
     {
      path: '/login',
      name: 'Login',
      component: Login
    },
     {
      path: '/course',
      name: 'Course',
      component: Course
    },
     {
      path: '/course-detail/:id/',
      name: 'CourseDetail',
      component: CourseDetail
    },
     {
      path: '/micro/',
      name: 'Micro',
      component: Micro
    },
    {
      path: '/course-detail/:id/',
      name: 'CourseDetail',
      component: CourseDetail
    },
     {
      path: '/news/',
      name: 'News',
      component: News
    },
    {
      path: '*',
      component: NotFound
    }
  ],
  mode:'history'
})

使用路由

# 定义路由
{
  path: '/course-detail/:id/',
  name: 'courseDetail',
  component: CourseDetail
},
{
 path: '/login',
 name: 'login',
 component: Login
},
{
  path: '*',
  component: NotFound
}
                
                 
# router-link参数
{{item.name}}
首页
     
# 获取传过来的参数
this.$route.params.id
# 重定向
this.$router.push('/index')

 

注意：

 

如果不想在url显示#，可以在路由里面加上这样一个参数

  mode: 'history'

5、写Login组件

 

 

6、发送ajax请求：axios

#发送ajax请求需要安装axios组件
npm install axios

 

在main.js导入中axios:
 

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App'
import router from './router'
import store from './store/store'  //
import axios from 'axios'    // 要是用axios，就得先导入
Vue.prototype.$axios = axios  //注册，以后就可以用$axios来定义了

Vue.config.productionTip = false

axios组件使用：
 

         this.$axios.request({  //发送axios请求
            url:'http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/', //请求路径
            method:"POST",//请求方式
            data:{   //要发送 的数据
              username:this.username,
              password:this.password
            },
            responseType:'json'  //期望返回的类型是json的格式
          }).then(function (response) {  //把返回的结果交给回调函数处理
            //登录成功之后，找到全局变量，把用户名和token赋值到其中
            that.$store.commit('saveToken',response.data);
            //重定向(登录成功之后让跳转到index页面)
              that.$router.push('/index')
              //为什么不直接用this呢？这里的this代表的是$axios,用that他代指的是整个Vue对象
          })

 

7、vuex：保存所有组件共用的变量

安装 
npm install vuex

 如果想用vuex需要做这么几件事：

• a、先创建一个文件夹，store----store.js
• b、要先使用就先导入
• c、实例化一个对象，并且让别人可以用
• d、这样每一个组件都可以用username和token了

 src/store/store.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
import Cookie from 'vue-cookies'

Vue.use(Vuex)


export default new Vuex.Store({
  //组件中通过this.$store.state.username 调用
  state:{
    username:Cookie.get('username'),
    token:Cookie.get('token')
  },
  mutations:{
    //组件中通过this.$store.commit(参数)调用
    saveToken:function (state,data) {  //存放用户名和token的函数
      state.username = data.username   //data代指从后端返回过来的数据
      state.token = data.token
      Cookie.set('username',data.username,'20min')   //把用户名和token存放到cookie中
      Cookie.set('token',data.token,'20min')
    },
    //清空token和cookie
    clearToken:function (state) {
      state.username=null
      state.token= null
      Cookie.remove('username')
      Cookie.remove('token')
    }
  }
})

 

8、vue-cookies：操作cookie

安装
npm install vue-cookies

 

Cookie.get('username')
Cookie.set('username', data.username, '20min')
Cookie.remove('username')

 

三、代码实现

二、前端代码：

index.html

 

// The Vue build version to load with the `import` command
// (runtime-only or standalone) has been set in webpack.base.conf with an alias.
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App'
import router from './router'
import store from './store/store'  //
import axios from 'axios'    // 要是用axios，就得先导入
Vue.prototype.$axios = axios  //注册，以后就可以用$axios来定义了

Vue.config.productionTip = false

/* eslint-disable no-new */
new Vue({
  el: '#app',
  store,
  router,
  components: { App },
  template: ''
})

 

App.vue

 

router\index.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import Router from 'vue-router'
import HelloWorld from '@/components/HelloWorld'
import Index from '@/components/Index'
import Login from '@/components/Login'
import Micro from '@/components/Micro'
import News from '@/components/News'
import Course from '@/components/Course'
import CourseDetail from '@/components/CourseDetail'
import NotFound from '@/components/NotFound'

Vue.use(Router)

export default new Router({
  routes: [
    {
      path: '/',
      name: 'HelloWorld',
      component: HelloWorld
    },
    {
      path: '/index',
      name: 'index',
      component: Index
    },
     {
      path: '/login',
      name: 'Login',
      component: Login
    },
     {
      path: '/course',
      name: 'Course',
      component: Course
    },
     {
      path: '/course-detail/:id/',
      name: 'CourseDetail',
      component: CourseDetail
    },
     {
      path: '/micro/',
      name: 'Micro',
      component: Micro
    },
    {
      path: '/course-detail/:id/',
      name: 'CourseDetail',
      component: CourseDetail
    },
     {
      path: '/news/',
      name: 'News',
      component: News
    },
    {
      path: '*',
      component: NotFound
    }
  ],
  mode:'history'
})

组件components

 

components\Index.vue:

 

components\Login.vue:

 

components\Course.vue:

components\CourseDetail.vue:

 

components\Micro.vue:

 

components\News.vue:

components\NotFound.vue:

 

 

保存全局使用的变量store

 

import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
import Cookie from 'vue-cookies'

Vue.use(Vuex)

export default new Vuex.Store({
  //组件中通过this.$store.state.username 调用
  state:{
    username:Cookie.get('username'),
    token:Cookie.get('token')
  },
  mutations:{
    //组件中通过this.$store.commit(参数)调用
    saveToken:function (state,data) {  //存放用户名和token的函数
      state.username = data.username   //data代指从后端返回过来的数据
      state.token = data.token
      Cookie.set('username',data.username,'20min')   //把用户名和token存放到cookie中
      Cookie.set('token',data.token,'20min')
    },
    //清空token和cookie
    clearToken:function (state) {
      state.username=null
      state.token= null
      Cookie.remove('username')
      Cookie.remove('token')
    }
  }
})

 

 

三、Django后端代码：

urls.py:

 

"""vue和restful配合 URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^login/', views.LoginView.as_view()),
    url(r'^course/$', views.CourseView.as_view()),
    url(r'^course/(?P\d+)\.(?P[a-z-9]+)$', views.CourseView.as_view()),
]

views.py:

rom django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from django.http import JsonResponse

class LoginView(APIView):

def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        ret = {
            'code':111,
            'data':'在知识的海洋里一路向前'
        }

response =  JsonResponse(ret)
        response['Access-Control-Allow-Origin']='*'
        return response

def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        print(request.body)  #在body里面有值
        print(request.POST)   #在post里面是没有值的
        ret = {
            'code':1000,
            'username':'hc',
            'token':'sdswr3fdfsdfdxqw2fgh',
        }
        response = JsonResponse(ret)
        response['Access-Control-Allow-Origin'] = "*"
        return response

def options(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        response = HttpResponse()
        response['Access-Control-Allow-Origin'] = '*'
        response['Access-Control-Allow-Headers'] = '*'
        # response['Access-Control-Allo w-Methods'] = 'PUT'
        return response

class CourseView(APIView):
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        print(args,kwargs)
        pk = kwargs.get('pk')
        if pk:
            print(kwargs.get('pk'))
            ret = {
                'title': "标题标题标题",
                'summary': '老师，太饿了。怎么还不下课'
            }
        else:
            ret = {
                'code':1000,
                'courseList':[
                    {'name':'人生苦短，来学Python','id':1},
                    {'name':'32天学会java，欢迎报名','id':2},
                    {'name':'人工智能即将统领世界...','id':3},
                ]
            }
        response= JsonResponse(ret)
        response['Access-Control-Allow-Origin'] = '*'
        return response