public int indexOf(String str)（Java）

基础不牢，地动山摇。
今天做题的时候也不知道怎么了，突然就手抖选错了一道题

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既然选错了，那就去看看源码加深一下印象吧！首先上调用函数的源代码：

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/**
     * Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the
     * specified substring. The integer returned is the smallest value
     * k such that:
     * 
     * this.startsWith(str, k)
     * 
     * is true.
     *
     * @param   str   any string.
     * @return  if the string argument occurs as a substring within this
     *          object, then the index of the first character of the first
     *          such substring is returned; if it does not occur as a
     *          substring, -1 is returned.
     */
    public int indexOf(String str) {
    return indexOf(str, 0);
    }

单看注释可能不太懂它的实现机理，我们杀进去！看看它调了什么函数。

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/**
     * Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the
     * specified substring, starting at the specified index.  The integer
     * returned is the smallest value k for which:
     * 
     *     k >= Math.min(fromIndex, this.length()) && this.startsWith(str, k)
     * 
     * If no such value of k exists, then -1 is returned.
     *
     * @param   str         the substring for which to search.
     * @param   fromIndex   the index from which to start the search.
     * @return  the index within this string of the first occurrence of the
     *          specified substring, starting at the specified index.
     */
    public int indexOf(String str, int fromIndex) {
        return indexOf(value, offset, count,
                       str.value, str.offset, str.count, fromIndex);
    }

有点意思吧，不停地在调其它的函数o(∩_∩)o ，这里调用的应该就比较接近最初的函数了吧，一般来说最初的函数都比较长，传参比较多。

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/**
     * Code shared by String and StringBuffer to do searches. The
     * source is the character array being searched, and the target
     * is the string being searched for.
     *
     * @param   source       the characters being searched.
     * @param   sourceOffset offset of the source string.
     * @param   sourceCount  count of the source string.
     * @param   target       the characters being searched for.
     * @param   targetOffset offset of the target string.
     * @param   targetCount  count of the target string.
     * @param   fromIndex    the index to begin searching from.
     */
    static int indexOf(char[] source, int sourceOffset, int sourceCount,
                       char[] target, int targetOffset, int targetCount,
                       int fromIndex) {
    if (fromIndex >= sourceCount) {
            return (targetCount == 0 ? sourceCount : -1);
    }
        if (fromIndex < 0) {
            fromIndex = 0;
        }
    if (targetCount == 0) {
        return fromIndex;
    }

        char first  = target[targetOffset];
        int max = sourceOffset + (sourceCount - targetCount);

        for (int i = sourceOffset + fromIndex; i <= max; i++) {
            /* Look for first character. */
            if (source[i] != first) {
                while (++i <= max && source[i] != first);
            }

            /* Found first character, now look at the rest of v2 */
            if (i <= max) {
                int j = i + 1;
                int end = j + targetCount - 1;
                for (int k = targetOffset + 1; j < end && source[j] ==
                         target[k]; j++, k++);

                if (j == end) {
                    /* Found whole string. */
                    return i - sourceOffset;
                }
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }

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有一部分小伙伴可能突然晕了，不知道谁用了哪个属性了。其实很简单，我们传进来了文章标题中的str的三个主要属性value offset count。fromIndex是0是public int indexOf(String str)调用public int indexOf(String str, int fromIndex)的时候传入的。

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下面我们来观赏一下这段源码吧！
首先是︿(￣︶￣)︽(￣︶￣)︿非常有礼貌地对非正常输入的回应：

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if (fromIndex >= sourceCount) {
            return (targetCount == 0 ? sourceCount : -1);
    }
        if (fromIndex < 0) {
            fromIndex = 0;
        }
    if (targetCount == 0) {
        return fromIndex;
    }

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如果开始搜索的下标都大于等于源字符串长度了，那么去判断目标字符串是否长度为0，如果是，直接返回源字符串长度，斗则，返回-1。
如果开始搜索的下标小于0，直接重置0。
目标字符串长度如果是0，返回开始搜索的下标。
当然了，为什么这样写我就不知道了，肯定是和其它部分牵连所致。

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char first  = target[targetOffset];
        int max = sourceOffset + (sourceCount - targetCount);

        for (int i = sourceOffset + fromIndex; i <= max; i++) {
            /* Look for first character. */
            if (source[i] != first) {
                while (++i <= max && source[i] != first);
            }

            /* Found first character, now look at the rest of v2 */
            if (i <= max) {
                int j = i + 1;
                int end = j + targetCount - 1;
                for (int k = targetOffset + 1; j < end && source[j] ==
                         target[k]; j++, k++);

                if (j == end) {
                    /* Found whole string. */
                    return i - sourceOffset;
                }
            }
        }
        return -1;

核心部分还是比较经典的从前往后找，逐个字母进行匹配。当然要先找目标字符串的首字母是否匹配上了源字符串的首字母，如果匹配上了，则开始匹配剩余的字母。整个代码写下来给我一种比较清爽干练的感觉。这里为什么要重新声明一个叫end的变量呢？因为再开始的时候进行第一个字符匹配，匹配上了之后需要比较的字符就减少了一个，所以声明了一个变量，方便大家的理解。

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好了，对于public int indexOf(String str)的浅析就到这里，祝愿大家生活幸福，万事如意！