关于加载器ld-linux-armhf.so.3
关于加载器ld-linux-armhf.so.3
这几天在搞一块am335x的板子，移植完成之后，发现在上面运行程序时候出现
-sh: ./a.out: not found这个就很奇怪了。
后来发现并不是我的a.out找不到而是板子当前的环境下，缺少加载器。
运行 readelf a.out -a
esc_fei@fei-virtual-machine:~/test/hello$ readelf a.out -a
ELF Header:
Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Class: ELF32
Data: 2's complement, little endian
Version: 1 (current)
OS/ABI: UNIX - System V
ABI Version: 0
Type: EXEC (Executable file)
Machine: ARM
Version: 0x1
Entry point address: 0x102f1
Start of program headers: 52 (bytes into file)
Start of section headers: 5236 (bytes into file)
Flags: 0x5000402, has entry point, Version5 EABI, <unknown>
Size of this header: 52 (bytes)
Size of program headers: 32 (bytes)
Number of program headers: 8
Size of section headers: 40 (bytes)
Number of section headers: 38
Section header string table index: 35
Section Headers:
[Nr] Name Type Addr Off Size ES Flg Lk Inf Al
[ 0] NULL 00000000 000000 000000 00 0 0 0
[ 1] .interp PROGBITS 00010134 000134 000019 00 A 0 0 1
[ 2] .note.ABI-tag NOTE 00010150 000150 000020 00 A 0 0 4
[ 3] .note.gnu.build-i NOTE 00010170 000170 000024 00 A 0 0 4
[ 4] .hash HASH 00010194 000194 000028 04 A 5 0 4
[ 5] .dynsym DYNSYM 000101bc 0001bc 000050 10 A 6 1 4
[ 6] .dynstr STRTAB 0001020c 00020c 000041 00 A 0 0 1
[ 7] .gnu.version VERSYM 0001024e 00024e 00000a 02 A 5 0 2
[ 8] .gnu.version_r VERNEED 00010258 000258 000020 00 A 6 1 4
[ 9] .rel.dyn REL 00010278 000278 000008 08 A 5 0 4
[10] .rel.plt REL 00010280 000280 000020 08 A 5 12 4
[11] .init PROGBITS 000102a0 0002a0 00000c 00 AX 0 0 4
[12] .plt PROGBITS 000102ac 0002ac 000044 04 AX 0 0 4
[13] .text PROGBITS 000102f0 0002f0 00013c 00 AX 0 0 4
[14] .fini PROGBITS 0001042c 00042c 000008 00 AX 0 0 4
[15] .rodata PROGBITS 00010434 000434 00000c 00 A 0 0 4
[16] .ARM.exidx ARM_EXIDX 00010440 000440 000008 00 AL 13 0 4
[17] .eh_frame PROGBITS 00010448 000448 000004 00 A 0 0 4
[18] .init_array INIT_ARRAY 0002044c 00044c 000004 00 WA 0 0 4
[19] .fini_array FINI_ARRAY 00020450 000450 000004 00 WA 0 0 4
[20] .jcr PROGBITS 00020454 000454 000004 00 WA 0 0 4
[21] .dynamic DYNAMIC 00020458 000458 0000e8 08 WA 6 0 4
[22] .got PROGBITS 00020540 000540 000020 04 WA 0 0 4
[23] .data PROGBITS 00020560 000560 000008 00 WA 0 0 4
[24] .bss NOBITS 00020568 000568 000004 00 WA 0 0 1
[25] .comment PROGBITS 00000000 000568 00003a 01 MS 0 0 1
[26] .ARM.attributes ARM_ATTRIBUTES 00000000 0005a2 000035 00 0 0 1
[27] .debug_aranges PROGBITS 00000000 0005d8 0000b0 00 0 0 8
[28] .debug_info PROGBITS 00000000 000688 00042e 00 0 0 1
[29] .debug_abbrev PROGBITS 00000000 000ab6 000183 00 0 0 1
[30] .debug_line PROGBITS 00000000 000c39 000275 00 0 0 1
[31] .debug_frame PROGBITS 00000000 000eb0 000044 00 0 0 4
[32] .debug_str PROGBITS 00000000 000ef4 0002f0 01 MS 0 0 1
[33] .debug_loc PROGBITS 00000000 0011e4 0000bb 00 0 0 1
[34] .debug_ranges PROGBITS 00000000 0012a0 000068 00 0 0 8
[35] .shstrtab STRTAB 00000000 001308 00016c 00 0 0 1
[36] .symtab SYMTAB 00000000 001a64 000770 10 37 94 4
[37] .strtab STRTAB 00000000 0021d4 000529 00 0 0 1
Key to Flags:
W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings)
I (info), L (link order), G (group), T (TLS), E (exclude), x (unknown)
O (extra OS processing required) o (OS specific), p (processor specific)
There are no section groups in this file.
Program Headers:
Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddr FileSiz MemSiz Flg Align
EXIDX 0x000440 0x00010440 0x00010440 0x00008 0x00008 R 0x4
PHDR 0x000034 0x00010034 0x00010034 0x00100 0x00100 R E 0x4
INTERP 0x000134 0x00010134 0x00010134 0x00019 0x00019 R 0x1
[Requesting program interpreter: /lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3]
LOAD 0x000000 0x00010000 0x00010000 0x0044c 0x0044c R E 0x10000
LOAD 0x00044c 0x0002044c 0x0002044c 0x0011c 0x00120 RW 0x10000
DYNAMIC 0x000458 0x00020458 0x00020458 0x000e8 0x000e8 RW 0x4
NOTE 0x000150 0x00010150 0x00010150 0x00044 0x00044 R 0x4
GNU_STACK 0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x00000 RW 0x10
Section to Segment mapping:
Segment Sections...
00 .ARM.exidx
01
02 .interp
03 .interp .note.ABI-tag .note.gnu.build-id .hash .dynsym .dynstr .gnu.version .gnu.version_r .rel.dyn .rel.plt .init .plt .text .fini .rodata .ARM.exidx .eh_frame
04 .init_array .fini_array .jcr .dynamic .got .data .bss
05 .dynamic
06 .note.ABI-tag .note.gnu.build-id
07
Dynamic section at offset 0x458 contains 24 entries:
Tag Type Name/Value
0x00000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libc.so.6]
0x0000000c (INIT) 0x102a0
0x0000000d (FINI) 0x1042c
0x00000019 (INIT_ARRAY) 0x2044c
0x0000001b (INIT_ARRAYSZ) 4 (bytes)
0x0000001a (FINI_ARRAY) 0x20450
0x0000001c (FINI_ARRAYSZ) 4 (bytes)
0x00000004 (HASH) 0x10194
0x00000005 (STRTAB) 0x1020c
0x00000006 (SYMTAB) 0x101bc
0x0000000a (STRSZ) 65 (bytes)
0x0000000b (SYMENT) 16 (bytes)
0x00000015 (DEBUG) 0x0
0x00000003 (PLTGOT) 0x20540
0x00000002 (PLTRELSZ) 32 (bytes)
0x00000014 (PLTREL) REL
0x00000017 (JMPREL) 0x10280
0x00000011 (REL) 0x10278
0x00000012 (RELSZ) 8 (bytes)
0x00000013 (RELENT) 8 (bytes)
0x6ffffffe (VERNEED) 0x10258
0x6fffffff (VERNEEDNUM) 1
0x6ffffff0 (VERSYM) 0x1024e
0x00000000 (NULL) 0x0
Relocation section '.rel.dyn' at offset 0x278 contains 1 entries:
Offset Info Type Sym.Value Sym. Name
0002055c 00000315 R_ARM_GLOB_DAT 00000000 __gmon_start__
Relocation section '.rel.plt' at offset 0x280 contains 4 entries:
Offset Info Type Sym.Value Sym. Name
0002054c 00000116 R_ARM_JUMP_SLOT 00000000 puts
00020550 00000216 R_ARM_JUMP_SLOT 00000000 __libc_start_main
00020554 00000316 R_ARM_JUMP_SLOT 00000000 __gmon_start__
00020558 00000416 R_ARM_JUMP_SLOT 00000000 abort
Unwind table index '.ARM.exidx' at offset 0x440 contains 1 entries:
0x102f0 <_start>: 0x1 [cantunwind]
Symbol table '.dynsym' contains 5 entries:
Num: Value Size Type Bind Vis Ndx Name
0: 00000000 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT UND
1: 00000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND puts@GLIBC_2.4 (2)
2: 00000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND __libc_start_main@GLIBC_2.4 (2)
3: 00000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND __gmon_start__
4: 00000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND abort@GLIBC_2.4 (2)
Symbol table '.symtab' contains 119 entries:
Num: Value Size Type Bind Vis Ndx Name
0: 00000000 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT UND
1: 00010134 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 1
2: 00010150 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 2
3: 00010170 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 3
4: 00010194 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 4
5: 000101bc 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 5
6: 0001020c 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 6
7: 0001024e 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 7
8: 00010258 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 8
9: 00010278 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 9
10: 00010280 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 10
11: 000102a0 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 11
12: 000102ac 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 12
13: 000102f0 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 13
14: 0001042c 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 14
15: 00010434 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 15
16: 00010440 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 16
17: 00010448 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 17
18: 0002044c 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 18
19: 00020450 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 19
20: 00020454 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 20
21: 00020458 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 21
22: 00020540 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 22
23: 00020560 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 23
24: 00020568 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 24
25: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 25
26: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 26
27: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 27
28: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 28
29: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 29
30: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 30
31: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 31
32: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 32
33: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 33
34: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 34
35: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS /home/tcwg-buildslave/wor
36: 00010150 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 2 $d
37: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS /home/tcwg-buildslave/wor
38: 000102f0 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 13 $t
39: 00010440 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 16 $d
40: 00010314 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 13 $d
41: 0000000c 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 27 $d
42: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS init.c
43: 00010434 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 15 $d
44: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS
45: 00020560 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 23 $d
46: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS /home/esc_fei/Project/lie
47: 00010320 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 13 $a
48: 00010320 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 13 call_weak_fn
49: 0001033c 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 13 $d
50: 000102a0 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 11 $a
51: 0001042c 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 14 $a
52: 00000044 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 27 $d
53: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS /home/esc_fei/Project/lie
54: 000102a8 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 11 $a
55: 00010430 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 14 $a
56: 00000094 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 27 $d
57: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS crtstuff.c
58: 00020454 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 20 __JCR_LIST__
59: 00010344 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 13 $t
60: 00010345 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 13 deregister_tm_clones
61: 00010364 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 13 $d
62: 00010368 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 13 $t
63: 00010369 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 13 register_tm_clones
64: 00020564 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 23 $d
65: 00010395 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 13 __do_global_dtors_aux
66: 00020568 1 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 24 completed.8985
67: 00020450 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 19 $d
68: 00020450 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 19 __do_global_dtors_aux_fin
69: 000103ad 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 13 frame_dummy
70: 0002044c 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 18 $d
71: 0002044c 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 18 __frame_dummy_init_array_
72: 00020568 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 24 $d
73: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS main.c
74: 00010438 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 15 $d
75: 000103d0 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 13 $t
76: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS elf-init.c
77: 000103e8 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 13 $t
78: 00010420 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 13 $d
79: 00010428 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 13 $t
80: 00000010 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 31 $d
81: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS crtstuff.c
82: 00010448 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 17 $d
83: 00010448 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 17 __FRAME_END__
84: 00020454 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 20 $d
85: 00020454 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 20 __JCR_END__
86: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS
87: 00020450 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 18 __init_array_end
88: 00020458 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 21 _DYNAMIC
89: 0002044c 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 18 __init_array_start
90: 00020540 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 22 _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
91: 000102ac 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 12 $a
92: 000102bc 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 12 $d
93: 000102c0 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 12 $a
94: 00010429 2 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 13 __libc_csu_fini
95: 00000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTab
96: 00020560 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT 23 data_start
97: 00020568 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 24 __bss_start__
98: 0002056c 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 24 _bss_end__
99: 00020568 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 23 _edata
100: 0001042c 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 14 _fini
101: 0002056c 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 24 __bss_end__
102: 00020560 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 23 __data_start
103: 00000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND puts@@GLIBC_2.4
104: 00000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_
105: 00000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND __gmon_start__
106: 00020564 0 OBJECT GLOBAL HIDDEN 23 __dso_handle
107: 00010434 4 OBJECT GLOBAL DEFAULT 15 _IO_stdin_used
108: 000103e9 64 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 13 __libc_csu_init
109: 0002056c 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 24 _end
110: 000102f1 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 13 _start
111: 0002056c 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 24 __end__
112: 00020568 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 24 __bss_start
113: 000103d1 22 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 13 main
114: 00000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND _Jv_RegisterClasses
115: 00020568 0 OBJECT GLOBAL HIDDEN 23 __TMC_END__
116: 00000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND _ITM_registerTMCloneTable
117: 00000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND abort@@GLIBC_2.4
118: 000102a0 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 11 _init
Histogram for bucket list length (total of 3 buckets):
Length Number % of total Coverage
0 0 ( 0.0%)
1 2 ( 66.7%) 50.0%
2 1 ( 33.3%) 100.0%
Version symbols section '.gnu.version' contains 5 entries:
Addr: 000000000001024e Offset: 0x00024e Link: 5 (.dynsym)
000: 0 (*local*) 2 (GLIBC_2.4) 2 (GLIBC_2.4) 0 (*local*)
004: 2 (GLIBC_2.4)
Version needs section '.gnu.version_r' contains 1 entries:
Addr: 0x0000000000010258 Offset: 0x000258 Link: 6 (.dynstr)
000000: Version: 1 File: libc.so.6 Cnt: 1
0x0010: Name: GLIBC_2.4 Flags: none Version: 2
Notes at offset 0x00000150 with length 0x00000020:
Owner Data size Description
GNU 0x00000010 NT_GNU_ABI_TAG (ABI version tag)
OS: Linux, ABI: 2.6.16
Notes at offset 0x00000170 with length 0x00000024:
Owner Data size Description
GNU 0x00000014 NT_GNU_BUILD_ID (unique build ID bitstring)
Build ID: b51634e7c53710594a57b0381c219912f0685bb1
Attribute Section: aeabi
File Attributes
Tag_CPU_name: "7-A"
Tag_CPU_arch: v7
Tag_CPU_arch_profile: Application
Tag_ARM_ISA_use: Yes
Tag_THUMB_ISA_use: Thumb-2
Tag_FP_arch: VFPv3-D16
Tag_ABI_PCS_wchar_t: 4
Tag_ABI_FP_rounding: Needed
Tag_ABI_FP_denormal: Needed
Tag_ABI_FP_exceptions: Needed
Tag_ABI_FP_number_model: IEEE 754
Tag_ABI_align_needed: 8-byte
Tag_ABI_align_preserved: 8-byte, except leaf SP
Tag_ABI_enum_size: int
Tag_ABI_HardFP_use: SP and DP
Tag_ABI_VFP_args: VFP registers
Tag_CPU_unaligned_access: v6
中间出现一行
[Requesting program interpreter: /lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3]说明运行该文件需要/lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3文件。
接下来是两步
- 在/etc/profile下加入
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
- 在/lib下运行
ln -s ld-2.12.2.so ld-linux-armhf.so.3然后
root@am335x-evm:/mnt/nfs/test/hello# ./a.out
hello
OK!