按win键进入开始菜单,选择Git Bash,打开:
$ mkdir /E/Git
$ cd /E/Git
此时,命令行的前一行会改变,由 ~/Git更改为/E/Git
//更改前的标题头
dell@DESKTOP-BJG7JVO MINGW64 ~/Git
//更改后的标题头
dell@DESKTOP-BJG7JVO MINGW64 /E/Git
$ pwd
显示结果:
/E/Git
$ git init
显示结果:
Initialized empty Git repository in E:/Git/.git/
(1)在Git存储库路径(/E/Git)下新建一个txt文本文档,注意必须是在Git存储库路径创建,不然Git找不到,可以自己试试,添加内容如下:
Git is a distributed version control system.
Git is free software distributed under the GPL.
Git has a mutable index called stage.
Git tracks changes of files.
(2)使用git add将文件添加到仓库
$ git add readme.txt
(3)使用git commit将文件提交到仓库
$ git commit -m "wrote a readme file"
因为我没有之前没有配置Git账户用于验证身份(identity),因此,需要先配置一下账户:
//弹出的配置账户提示信息
*** Please tell me who you are.
Run
git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
to set your account's default identity.
Omit --global to set the identity only in this repository.
fatal: unable to auto-detect email address (got 'dell@DESKTOP-BJG7JVO.(none)')
提示信息给出了配置账户的命令,需要设置邮箱和用户名:
git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
这个是配置全局账户,如果需要配置单独账户,需要使用以下命令:
git config user.email "[email protected]"
git config user.name "Your Name"
配置全局账户和配置单独账户具体分析,请看这篇博文:https://blog.csdn.net/coco_wonderful/article/details/51822143
配置完账户之后,再次执行步骤(3),如果之前已配置账户,那可能就不需要了,显示结果如下:
$ git commit -m "wrote a readme file"
[master (root-commit) 95b4579] wrote a readme file
1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 readme.txt
注:git commit
命令,-m
后面输入的是本次提交的说明,可以输入任意内容,当然最好是有意义的,这样你就能从历史记录里方便地找到改动记录。
commit还可以一次提交多个文件:
$ git add file1.txt
$ git add file2.txt
$ git add file3.txt
$ git commit -m "add 3 files."
(1)修改readme.txt文件,修改内容如下:
Git is a distributed version control system.
Git is free software.
(2)使用git status
命令看看结果
$ git status
显示结果:
On branch master
Changes not staged for commit:
(use "git add ..." to update what will be committed)
(use "git checkout -- ..." to discard changes in working directory)
modified: readme.txt
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
这提示的意思是,文档已被修改过但是还没有提交(Changes not staged for commit)
git diff
命令查看不同$ git diff readme.txt
我的竟然没有显示,凉凉
$ git log
显示结果:
commit f4b7b4328a11dcae2e38e4e361c6bb94ef80dd11 (HEAD -> master)
Author: xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Date: Tue Oct 16 10:45:25 2018 +0800
wrote a readme file
$ git reset --hard HEAD^
显示结果:
HEAD is now at 95b4579 wrote a readme file
$ cat readme.txt
因为我回退了一次,所以内容变成了未修改的:
Git is a distributed version control system.
Git is free software distributed under the GPL.
Git has a mutable index called stage.
Git tracks changes of files.
$ git reflog
显示结果:
95b4579 (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: reset: moving to HEAD^
f4b7b43 HEAD@{1}: commit: wrote a readme file
95b4579 (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{2}: commit (initial): wrote a readme file
前面的数字是commit id。知道commit id可以回退上一次执行的命令,回退命令为git reset --hard
参考博文1:https://www.cnblogs.com/lixiaolun/p/4360732.html
参考博文2:https://blog.csdn.net/coco_wonderful/article/details/51822143