单元测试测试类，以帮助匿名管理调查的类为例详解--白盒测试

类的测试与函数的测试相似
测试函数的案例：https://blog.csdn.net/hanhanwanghaha/article/details/107487037

survey.py

class AnonymousSurvey():
    """
    收集匿名调查问卷的答案
    """

    def __init__(self, question):
        """储存一个问题，并为储存答案做准备"""
        self.question = question
        self.responses = []

    def show_question(self):
        """显示调查问卷"""
        print(self.question)

    def store_response(self, new_response):
        """储存单份调查答卷"""
        self.responses.append(new_response)

    def show_results(self):
        """显示收到的所有答卷"""
        print("Servey results: ")
        for response in self.responses:
            print('favorite sport: ' + response)

为证明AnonymousSurvey能够正确地工作，编写一个使用他的程序

sports_survey

from survey import AnonymousSurvey

# 定义一个问题，并创建dac一个表示调查的AnonymousSurvey对象
question = "What's your favorite sport ?"
my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)

# 显示问题并储存答案
my_survey.show_question()
print("Enter 'q' at any time to quit.\n")
while True:
    response = input("Sports:")
    if response == 'q':
        break
    my_survey.store_response(response)

# 显示调查结果
print("\nThank you for your participation in this survey!")
my_survey.show_results()

创建测试的时候有个小技巧：
1.点击New，再点击Python File之后

2.直接点击Python unit test，随后点击Enter会帮我们自动生成一个单元测试框架

测试AnonymousSurvey类：这里用到了Setup方法创建一个调查对象和一组答案，供方法test_store_single_response()和test_store_three_responses()使用

import unittest
from survey import AnonymousSurvey


class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):
    """针对AnonymousSurvey类的测试"""

    def setUp(self):
        """创建一个调查对象和一组答案，供使用的测试方法使用"""
        question = "What's your favorite sport ?"
        self.my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
        self.responses = ['sleep', 'reading', 'running']

    def test_store_single_response(self):
        """测试单个答案是否会被妥善储存"""
        self.my_survey.store_response(self.responses[0])
        self.assertIn(self.responses[0], self.my_survey.responses)

    def test_store_three_responses(self):
        """测试3个答案是否会被妥善储存"""
        for response in self.responses:
            self.my_survey.store_response(response)
        for response in self.responses:
            self.assertIn(response, self.my_survey.responses)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

如果在TestCase类中包含方法setUp(),python将先运行它，再运行各个以test_开头的方法。