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"# LOG\n",
" - https://www.cnblogs.com/yyds/p/6901864.html\n",
" - logging\n",
" - logging模块提供模块级别的函数记录日志\n",
" - 包括四大组件\n",
"\n",
"## 1. 日志相关概念\n",
" - 日志\n",
" - 日志的级别(level)\n",
" - 不同的用户关注不同的程序信息\n",
" - DEBUG\n",
" - INFO\n",
" - NOTICE\n",
" - WARNING\n",
" - ERROR\n",
" - CRITICAL\n",
" - ALERT\n",
" - EMERGENCY\n",
" - IO操作=>不要频繁操作\n",
" - LOG的作用\n",
" - 调试\n",
" - 了解软件的运行情况\n",
" - 分析定位问题\n",
" - 日志信息\n",
" - time\n",
" - 地点\n",
" - level\n",
" - 内容\n",
" - 成熟的第三方日志\n",
" - log4j\n",
" - log4php\n",
" - logging\n",
"\n",
"# 2 Logging模块\n",
" - 日志级别\n",
" - 级别可自定义\n",
" - DEBUG\n",
" - INFO\n",
" - WARNING\n",
" - ERROR\n",
" - CRITICAL\n",
" - 初始化/写日志实例需要指定级别, 只有当级别等于或高于指定级别才被记录\n",
" - 使用方式\n",
" - 直接使用logging(封装了其他组件)\n",
" - loging四大组件直接定制\n",
" \n",
"# 2.1 日志级别\n",
" - 使用以下几个函数\n",
" - logging.debug(msg, *args, **kwargs) \t创建一条严重级别为DEBUG的日志记录\n",
" - logging.info(msg, *args, **kwargs) \t创建一条严重级别为INFO的日志记录\n",
" - logging.warning(msg, *args, **kwargs) \t创建一条严重级别为WARNING的日志记录\n",
" - logging.error(msg, *args, **kwargs) \t创建一条严重级别为ERROR的日志记录\n",
" - logging.critical(msg, *args, **kwargs) \t创建一条严重级别为CRITICAL的日志记录\n",
" - logging.log(level, *args, **kwargs) \t创建一条严重级别为level的日志记录\n",
" - logging.basicConfig(**kwargs) \t对root logger进行一次性配置\n",
"\n",
" - logging.basicConfig(**kwargs) \t对root logger进行一次性配置\n",
" - 只在第一次调用的时候起作用\n",
" - 不配置logger则使用默认值\n",
" - 输出: sys.stderr\n",
" - 级别: WARNING\n",
" - 格式: level:log_name:content"
]
},
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"execution_count": 1,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# 案例 1\n",
"\n",
"import logging\n",
"\n",
"LOG_FORMAT = \"%(asctime)s=====%(levelname)s\\t++++++%(message)s\"\n",
"\n",
"logging.basicConfig(filename=\"python6.log\", level=logging.DEBUG, format=LOG_FORMAT)\n",
"\n",
"logging.debug(\"This is a debug log.\")\n",
"logging.info(\"This is a info log.\")\n",
"logging.warning(\"This is a warning log.\")\n",
"logging.error(\"This is a error log.\")\n",
"logging.critical(\"This is a critical log.\")\n",
"\n",
"logging.debug(\"=======我是分割线========\")\n",
"# 另外一种写法\n",
"logging.log(logging.DEBUG, \"This is a debug log.\")\n",
"logging.log(logging.INFO, \"This is a info log.\")\n",
"logging.log(logging.WARNING, \"This is a warning log.\")\n",
"logging.log(logging.ERROR, \"This is a error log.\")\n",
"logging.log(logging.CRITICAL, \"This is a critical log.\")"
]
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"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## 可用的格式参数\n",
" - format参数\n",
" - asctime \t%(asctime)s \t日志事件发生的时间--人类可读时间,如:2003-07-08 16:49:45,896\n",
" - created \t%(created)f \t日志事件发生的时间--时间戳,就是当时调用time.time()函数返回的值\n",
" - relativeCreated \t%(relativeCreated)d \t日志事件发生的时间相对于logging模块加载时间的相对毫秒数(目前还不知道干嘛用的)\n",
" - msecs \t%(msecs)d \t日志事件发生事件的毫秒部分\n",
" - levelname \t%(levelname)s \t该日志记录的文字形式的日志级别('DEBUG', 'INFO', 'WARNING', 'ERROR', 'CRITICAL')\n",
" - levelno \t%(levelno)s \t该日志记录的数字形式的日志级别(10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n",
" - name \t%(name)s \t所使用的日志器名称,默认是'root',因为默认使用的是 rootLogger\n",
" - message \t%(message)s \t日志记录的文本内容,通过 msg % args计算得到的\n",
" - pathname \t%(pathname)s \t调用日志记录函数的源码文件的全路径\n",
" - filename \t%(filename)s \tpathname的文件名部分,包含文件后缀\n",
" - module \t%(module)s \tfilename的名称部分,不包含后缀\n",
" - lineno \t%(lineno)d \t调用日志记录函数的源代码所在的行号\n",
" - funcName \t%(funcName)s \t调用日志记录函数的函数名\n",
" - process \t%(process)d \t进程ID\n",
" - processName \t%(processName)s \t进程名称,Python 3.1新增\n",
" - thread \t%(thread)d \t线程ID\n",
" - threadName \t%(thread)s \t线程名称\n",
"\n",
"# 2.2 logging模块的处理流程\n",
"- 四大组件\n",
" - 日志器(Logger): 产生日志的一个接口 \n",
" - 处理器(Handler):把产生的日志发送到相应的目的地\n",
" - 过滤器(Filter): 更精细的控制那些日志输出\n",
" - 格式器(Formatter): 对输出信息进行格式化\n",
"- Logger\n",
" - 产生一个日志\n",
" - 操作\n",
" - Logger.setLevel() \t设置日志器将会处理的日志消息的最低严重级别\n",
" - Logger.addHandler() 和 Logger.removeHandler() \t为该logger对象添加 和 移除一个handler对象\n",
" - Logger.addFilter() 和 Logger.removeFilter() \t为该logger对象添加 和 移除一个filter对象\n",
" - Logger.debug: 产生一条debug级别的日志,同理,info,error,等\n",
" - Logger.exception(): 创建类似于Logger.error的日志消息\n",
" - Logger.log():获取一个明确的日志level参数类创建一个日志记录\n",
" - 如何得到一个logger对象\n",
" - 实例化\n",
" - logging.getLogger()\n",
" \n",
"- Handler\n",
" - 把log发送到制定位置\n",
" - 方法\n",
" - setLevel\n",
" - setFormat\n",
" - addFilter, removeFilter\n",
" - 不需要直接使用,Handler是基类\n",
" - logging.StreamHandler \t将日志消息发送到输出到Stream,如std.out, std.err或任何file-like对象。\n",
" - logging.FileHandler \t将日志消息发送到磁盘文件,默认情况下文件大小会无限增长\n",
" - logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler \t将日志消息发送到磁盘文件,并支持日志文件按大小切割\n",
" - logging.hanlders.TimedRotatingFileHandler \t将日志消息发送到磁盘文件,并支持日志文件按时间切割\n",
" - logging.handlers.HTTPHandler \t将日志消息以GET或POST的方式发送给一个HTTP服务器\n",
" - logging.handlers.SMTPHandler \t将日志消息发送给一个指定的email地址\n",
" - logging.NullHandler \t该Handler实例会忽略error messages,通常被想使用logging的library开发者使用来避免'No handlers could be found for logger XXX'信息的出现。\n",
"\n",
"- Format类\n",
" - 直接实例化\n",
" - 可以继承Format添加特殊内容\n",
" - 三个参数\n",
" - fmt:指定消息格式化字符串,如果不指定该参数则默认使用message的原始值\n",
" - datefmt:指定日期格式字符串,如果不指定该参数则默认使用\"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S\"\n",
" - style:Python 3.2新增的参数,可取值为 '%', '{' 和 '$',如果不指定该参数则默认使用 '%'\n",
"\n",
"- Filter类\n",
" - 可以被Handler和Logger使用\n",
" - 控制传递过来的信息的具体内容"
]
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"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# 案例 2\n",
"\n",
"- 1. 需求\n",
" - 现在有以下几个日志记录的需求:\n",
" - 1)要求将所有级别的所有日志都写入磁盘文件中\n",
" - 2)all.log文件中记录所有的日志信息,日志格式为:日期和时间 - 日志级别 - 日志信息\n",
" - 3)error.log文件中单独记录error及以上级别的日志信息,日志格式为:日期和时间 - 日志级别 - 文件名[:行号] - 日志信息\n",
" - 4)要求all.log在每天凌晨进行日志切割\n",
"\n",
"- 2. 分析\n",
" - 1)要记录所有级别的日志,因此日志器的有效level需要设置为最低级别--DEBUG;\n",
" - 2)日志需要被发送到两个不同的目的地,因此需要为日志器设置两个handler;另外,两个目的地都是磁盘文件,因此这两个handler都是与FileHandler相关的;\n",
" - 3)all.log要求按照时间进行日志切割,因此他需要用logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler; 而error.log没有要求日志切割,因此可以使用FileHandler;\n",
" - 4)两个日志文件的格式不同,因此需要对这两个handler分别设置格式器;"
]
},
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"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
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"source": [
"import logging\n",
"import logging.handlers\n",
"import datetime\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"# 定义logger\n",
"logger = logging.getLogger('mylogger')\n",
"logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"#为两个不同的文件设置不同的handler\n",
"rf_handler = logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler('all.log', when='midnight', interval=1, backupCount=7, atTime=datetime.time(0, 0, 0, 0))\n",
"rf_handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter(\"%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s\"))\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"f_handler = logging.FileHandler('error.log')\n",
"f_handler.setLevel(logging.ERROR)\n",
"f_handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter(\"%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(filename)s[:%(lineno)d] - %(message)s\"))\n",
"\n",
"# 把相应的处理器组装到logger上\n",
"logger.addHandler(rf_handler)\n",
"logger.addHandler(f_handler)\n",
"\n",
"logger.debug('debug message')\n",
"logger.info('info message')\n",
"logger.warning('warning message')\n",
"logger.error('error message')\n",
"logger.critical('critical message')"
]
}
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