一、安装环境
数据库地址：
* 192.168.0.212（主）
* 192.168.0.221（从）
二、Master的配置
1.修改MySQL配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
#开启二进制日志
log-bin=mysql-bin
#标识唯一id（必须），一般使用ip最后位
server-id=212
#不同步的数据库，可设置多个
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
#指定需要同步的数据库（和slave是相互匹配的），可以设置多个
binlog-do-db = xxxx_dt_business
binlog-do-db = xxxx_dt_home
binlog_format=MIXED
#日志清理时间
expire_logs_days=7
#日志大小
max_binlog_size=200m
#缓存大小
binlog_cache_size=4m
#最大缓存大小
max_binlog_cache_size=521m2.重启MySQL
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
#给从库放权限
mysql> GRANT FILE ON _._ TO 'xxxxrep'@'192.168.0.221' IDENTIFIED BY 'xxxxrep123.';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON _._ TO 'xxxxrep'@'192.168.0.221' IDENTIFIED BY 'xxxxrep123.';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
注：如果数据库有数据需要进行数据迁移保证数据的一致性 数据迁移
创建数据库： 在从库中创建一个和主库相同的数据库，不然两个数据库不能同步（进行过数据迁移就跳过）
CREATE DATABASE xxxx_dt_home CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
CREATE DATABASE xxxx_dt_business CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;4.重启MySQL，登录MySQL，查看主库信息
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+---------------------------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+---------------------------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000149 | 1670048 | xxxx_dt_business,xxxx_dt_home | | |
+------------------+----------+---------------------------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
注：如果执行这个步骤始终为Empty set(0.00 sec)，那说明前面的my.cnf没配置对
#开启二进制日志（可以不配置）log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=221
replicate-do-db= xxxx_dt_business
replicate-do-db = xxxx_dt_home
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
log-slave-updates
slave-skip-errors = all
slave-net-timeout = 60
#关闭Slave
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.0.212',master_user='xxxxrep',master_password='xxxxrep123.',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000149', master_log_pos=33345737;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
注：上面的master_log_file是在配置Master的时候的File字段， master_log_pos是在配置Master的Position 字段。一定要一一对应5.查看信息
mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.0.212
Master_User: xxxxrep
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000149
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 44484424
Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 11138970
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000149
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB: xxxx_dt_business,xxxx_dt_home
Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 44484424
Relay_Log_Space: 11139143
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 212
Master_UUID: 7e1414e2-8dd5-11e9-a10f-000c29f686d6
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
注：如果Slave_IO_Running: No 出现下面的错误
Last_IO_Error: Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server UUIDs; these UUIDs must be different for replication to work.
说明主服务器的UUID和从服务器的UUID重复，更改方式
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/mysql/data/auto.cnf #这是我的安装路径修改auto.cnf的server-uuid
注：如果Slave_IO_Running: Connecting 并出现下面错误
error connecting to master ['[email protected]]('[email protected]):3306' - retry-time: 60 retries: 1
解决方法，查看主库是否授权，查看change master to... 是否有用户密码ip填写错误
注：如果Slave_IO_Running: No 出现下面错误
Got fatal error 1236 from master when reading data from binary log: 'Could not find first log file name in binary log index file'
解决方法：复位
mysql>stop slave; //停止
mysql>reset slave; //清空
mysql>start slave; //开启扩展
当只针对某些库的某张表进行同步时，如下，只同步home库的hello表和other库的biao表：
replicate-do-db = home
replicate-wild-do-table = home.hello //当只同步几个或少数表时，可以这样设置。注意这要跟上面的库指定配合使用；
replicate-do-db = other
replicate-wild-do-table = other.biao //如果同步的库的表比较多时，就不能这样一一指定了，就把这个选项配置去掉，直接根据指定的库进行同步。
查询binlog主从日志的方法
#查看binlog全部文件
mysql>show binary logs;
#查看binlog是否开启NO为开启
mysql> show variables like 'log_bin%';
#详细信息
mysql> show variables like 'binlog%';
#查看binlog日志
mysql> show binlog events in'mysql-bin.000017';
#或者使用mysqlbinlog，如果报错使用--no-defaults（使用全路径）
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog --no-defaults /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000017
手动清理master日志，最好关闭日志，在/etc/my.cnf
#手动刷新日志
mysql> show master status;
#删除全部mysql> reset slave;或 rest master;#删除MySQL-bin.011mysql> PURGE MASTER LOGS TO 'MySQL-bin.011';
mysql> show status like 'Innodb_buffer_pool_%';
+---------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Innodb_buffer_pool_dump_status | not started |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_load_status | Buffer pool(s) load completed at 200320 16:18:07 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_data | 93721 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_bytes_data | 1535524864 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_dirty | 0 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_bytes_dirty | 0 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_flushed | 328774 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_free | 37327 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_misc | 16 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_total | 131064 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead_rnd | 0 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead | 28 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead_evicted | 0 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests | 27973283 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_reads | 90917 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_wait_free | 0 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_write_requests | 1205702 |
+---------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
17 rows in set