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1、 视图是一张虚拟表,它表示一张表的部分或多张表的综合的结构。
2、 视图仅仅是表结构,没有表数据。视图的结构和数据建立在表的基础上。
语法
create [or replace] view 视图的名称
as
select语句
例题:
mysql> create view vw_stu
-> as
-> select stuname,stusex,writtenexam,labexam from stuinfo inner join stumarks using(stuno);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
多学一招:因为视图是一个表结构,所以创建视图后,会在数据库文件夹中多一个与视图名同名的.frm文件
视图是一张虚拟表,视图的用法和表的用法一样
mysql> select * from vw_stu;
+----------+--------+-------------+---------+
| stuname | stusex | writtenexam | labexam |
+----------+--------+-------------+---------+
| 李斯文 | 女 | 80 | 58 |
| 李文才 | 男 | 50 | 90 |
| 欧阳俊雄 | 男 | 65 | 50 |
| 张秋丽 | 男 | 77 | 82 |
| 争青小子 | 男 | 56 | 48 |
+----------+--------+-------------+---------+
mysql> update vw_stu set writtenexam=88 where stuname='李斯文';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
语法:
desc 视图名
例题
mysql> desc vw_stu;
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| stuname | varchar(10) | NO | | NULL | |
| stusex | char(2) | NO | | NULL | |
| writtenexam | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| labexam | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
语法:
show create view 视图名
#方法一:
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_itcast |
+------------------+
| stu |
| stuinfo |
| stumarks |
| t1 |
| t2 |
| vw_stu |
# 方法二
mysql> select table_name from information_schema.views;
+------------+
| table_name |
+------------+
| vw_stu |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.05 sec)
+------------------+
#方法三
mysql> show table status where comment='view' \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Name: vw_stu
Engine: NULL
Version: NULL
Row_format: NULL
Rows: NULL
Avg_row_length: NULL
Data_length: NULL
Max_data_length: NULL
Index_length: NULL
Data_free: NULL
Auto_increment: NULL
Create_time: NULL
Update_time: NULL
Check_time: NULL
Collation: NULL
Checksum: NULL
Create_options: NULL
Comment: VIEW
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
语法:
alter view 视图名
as
select 语句
例题:
mysql> alter view vw_stu
-> as
-> select * from stuinfo;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
语法:
drop view [if exists] 视图1,视图2,…
例题
mysql> drop view vw_stu;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
筛选数据,防止未经许可访问敏感数据
隐藏表结构
降低SQL语句的复杂度
场景:找出语文成绩最高的男生和女生
mysql> select * from (select * from stu order by ch desc) as t group by stusex;
+--------+----------+--------+--------+---------+------------+------+------+
| stuNo | stuName | stuSex | stuAge | stuSeat | stuAddress | ch | math |
+--------+----------+--------+--------+---------+------------+------+------+
| s25321 | Tabm | 女 | 23 | 9 | 河北 | 88 | 77 |
| s25318 | 争青小子 | 男 | 26 | 6 | 天津 | 86 | 92 |
+--------+----------+--------+--------+---------+------------+------+------+
我们可以将子查询封装到视图中
mysql> create view vw_stu
-> as
-> select * from stu order by ch desc;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
可以将上面的子查询更改成视图,但是,结果和上面不一样
mysql> select * from vw_stu group by stusex;
+--------+---------+--------+--------+---------+------------+------+------+
| stuNo | stuName | stuSex | stuAge | stuSeat | stuAddress | ch | math |
+--------+---------+--------+--------+---------+------------+------+------+
| s25301 | 张秋丽 | 男 | 18 | 1 | 北京 | 80 | NULL |
| s25303 | 李斯文 | 女 | 22 | 2 | 北京 | 55 | 82 |
+--------+---------+--------+--------+---------+------------+------+------+
原因:这是因为视图的算法造成的
1. merge:合并算法,将视图的语句和外层的语句合并后在执行。
2. temptable:临时表算法,将视图生成一个临时表,再执行外层语句
3. undefined:未定义,MySQL到底用merge还是用temptable由MySQL决定,这是一个默认的算法,一般视图都会选择merge算法,因为merge效率高。
解决:在创建视图的时候指定视图的算法
create algorithm=temptable view 视图名
as
select 语句
指定算法创建视图
mysql> create algorithm=temptable view vw_stu
-> as
-> select * from stu order by ch desc;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from vw_stu group by stusex; # 结果是一致的
+--------+----------+--------+--------+---------+------------+------+------+
| stuNo | stuName | stuSex | stuAge | stuSeat | stuAddress | ch | math |
+--------+----------+--------+--------+---------+------------+------+------+
| s25321 | Tabm | 女 | 23 | 9 | 河北 | 88 | 77 |
| s25318 | 争青小子 | 男 | 26 | 6 | 天津 | 86 | 92 |
+--------+----------+--------+--------+---------+------------+------+------+