SpringBoot学习笔记-14：第十四章-SpringBoot 与分布式
第十四章-SpringBoot 与分布式
Dubbo 简介
分布式应用，国内常用组合 Zookeeper + Dubbo
SpringBoot 使用 SpringCloud
Zookeeper 分布式应用程序协调服务
Dubbo Alibaba 开源的分布式服务框架，服务提供方 Provider+ 服务消费方 Consumer
安装 zookeeper
docker pull zookeeper
# EXPOSE 2181 2888 3888 8080
docker run --name zk01 -p 2181:2181 --restart always -d zookeeper
创建一个空工程，两个 spring-web 模块
provider-ticket
consumer-ticket
1、将服务提供者注册到注册中心
2、引入 dubbo 和 zkclient 依赖
3、配置 dubbo 的扫描包和注册中心地址
4、使用@Service 发布服务
https://github.com/alibaba/dubbo-spring-boot-starter
provider-ticket 提供者
引入依赖 pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.spring.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starterartifactId>
<version>2.0.0version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.101tecgroupId>
<artifactId>zkclientartifactId>
<version>0.9version>
dependency>
配置 application.properties
spring.dubbo.application.name=privoder-ticket
spring.dubbo.server=true
#注册中心地址
spring.dubbo.registry.address=zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181
spring.dubbo.scan=com.example.ticket.service
服务接口
package com.example.ticket.service;
public interface TicketService {
public String getTicket();
}
发布服务实现
package com.example.ticket.service.impl;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.annotation.Service;
import com.example.ticket.service.TicketService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
@Service // 发布服务
public class TicketServiceImpl implements TicketService {
@Override
public String getTicket() {
return "门票";
}
}
开启配置可用
package com.example.ticket;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.spring.boot.annotation.EnableDubboConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@EnableDubboConfiguration
@SpringBootApplication
public class ProviderTicketApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ProviderTicketApplication.class, args);
}
}
consumer-ticket 消费者
引入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.spring.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starterartifactId>
<version>2.0.0version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.101tecgroupId>
<artifactId>zkclientartifactId>
<version>0.9version>
dependency>
配置 application.properties
spring.dubbo.application.name=consumer-ticket
#注册中心地址
spring.dubbo.registry.address=zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181
暴露接口
package com.example.ticket.service;
public interface TicketService {
public String getTicket();
}
用户服务接口
package com.example.ticket.service;
public interface UserService {
public String getTicket();
}
用户服务实现
package com.example.ticket.impl;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.annotation.Reference;
import com.example.ticket.service.TicketService;
import com.example.ticket.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Reference
TicketService ticketService;
@Override
public String getTicket() {
return ticketService.getTicket();
}
}
开启配置可用
package com.example.ticket;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.spring.boot.annotation.EnableDubboConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@EnableDubboConfiguration
@SpringBootApplication
public class ConsumerTicketApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ConsumerTicketApplication.class, args);
}
}
测试
package com.example.ticket;
import com.example.ticket.service.UserService;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
@SpringBootTest
class ConsumerTicketApplicationTests {
@Autowired
UserService userService;
@Test
void contextLoads() {
String ticket = userService.getTicket();
System.out.println(ticket);
}
}
SpringCloud-Eureka 注册中心
SpringCloud 是一个分布式的整体解决方案
5 大常用组件
- 服务发现 Netflix Eureka
- 客户端负载均衡 Netflix Ribbon
- 断路器 Netflix Hystrix
- 服务网关 Netflix Zuul
- 分布式配置 Spring Cloud Config
pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>
<version>2.3.2.RELEASEversion>
<relativePath/>
parent>
<groupId>com.examplegroupId>
<artifactId>eureka-demoartifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion>
<name>eureka-demoname>
<description>Demo project for Spring Bootdescription>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR6spring-cloud.version>
properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-serverartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>
<scope>testscope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintagegroupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engineartifactId>
exclusion>
exclusions>
dependency>
dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependenciesartifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}version>
<type>pomtype>
<scope>importscope>
dependency>
dependencies>
dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-pluginartifactId>
plugin>
plugins>
build>
project>
application.properties
server.port=8761
#eureka主机名
eureka.instance.hostname=eureka-server
# 不把自己注册在eureka上
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
# 不从eureka上获取服务注册信息
eureka.client.fetch-registry=false
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/
package com.example.eurekademo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
/**
* 注册中心
* http://localhost:8761/
*/
@EnableEurekaServer // 启用注册中心
@SpringBootApplication
public class EurekaDemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaDemoApplication.class, args);
}
}
启用注册中心：http://localhost:8761/
服务注册(服务提供者)
pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>
<version>2.3.2.RELEASEversion>
<relativePath/>
parent>
<groupId>com.examplegroupId>
<artifactId>provider-demoartifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion>
<name>provider-demoname>
<description>Demo project for Spring Bootdescription>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR6spring-cloud.version>
properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-clientartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>
<scope>testscope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintagegroupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engineartifactId>
exclusion>
exclusions>
dependency>
dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependenciesartifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}version>
<type>pomtype>
<scope>importscope>
dependency>
dependencies>
dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-pluginartifactId>
plugin>
plugins>
build>
project>
application.properties
server.port=8002
spring.application.name=provider-demo
#注册服务的时候使用ip地址
eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/
package com.example.providerdemo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
/**
* 服务提供者
*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class ProviderDemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ProviderDemoApplication.class, args);
}
}
服务
package com.example.providerdemo.service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class TicketService {
public String getTicket(){
return "电影票8001";
// return "电影票8002";
}
}
接口
package com.example.providerdemo.controller;
import com.example.providerdemo.service.TicketService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class TicketController {
@Autowired
TicketService ticketService;
@GetMapping("/ticket")
public String getTicket(){
return ticketService.getTicket();
}
}
服务发现&服务消费者
pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>
<version>2.3.2.RELEASEversion>
<relativePath/>
parent>
<groupId>com.examplegroupId>
<artifactId>consumer-demoartifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion>
<name>consumer-demoname>
<description>Demo project for Spring Bootdescription>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR6spring-cloud.version>
properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-clientartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>
<scope>testscope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintagegroupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engineartifactId>
exclusion>
exclusions>
dependency>
dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependenciesartifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}version>
<type>pomtype>
<scope>importscope>
dependency>
dependencies>
dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-pluginartifactId>
plugin>
plugins>
build>
project>
application.properties
server.port=8200
spring.application.name=consumer-demo
#注册服务的时候使用ip地址
eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/
package com.example.consumerdemo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
/**
* 服务消费者
*/
@EnableDiscoveryClient // 开启服务发现
@SpringBootApplication
public class ConsumerDemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ConsumerDemoApplication.class, args);
}
@LoadBalanced // 开启负载均衡机制
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
package com.example.consumerdemo.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping("buy")
public String getTicket(){
String ticket = restTemplate.getForObject("http://PROVIDER-DEMO/ticket", String.class);
return "buy" + ticket;
}
}