SpringMVC 入门跳转小案例

我使用的编译器时idea创建maven项目使用webapp骨架,
开发顺序建议按照我的标题号以此配置,
从2开始也代表了前后端交互的访问顺序

1.导入SpringMVC相关包
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8maven.compiler.target>
    
    
    <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASEspring.version>
  properties>

	<dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-contextartifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}version>
    dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webartifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}version>
    dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}version>
    dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
      <artifactId>servlet-apiartifactId>
      <version>2.5version>
      <scope>providedscope>
    dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jspgroupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-apiartifactId>
      <version>2.0version>
      <scope>providedscope>
    dependency>

  dependencies>
2. index.jsp 主页
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Titletitle>
head>
<body>
    <h3>入门成功h3>
body>
html>

3.springmvc.xml配置

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast"/>

    
    <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
        
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    bean>


    
    <mvc:annotation-driven>mvc:annotation-driven>

beans>
4.web.xml配置


<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Applicationdisplay-name>

  
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServletservlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class>

    
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xmlparam-value>
    init-param>

    
    <load-on-startup>1load-on-startup>
  servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServletservlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/url-pattern>
  servlet-mapping>

web-app>

5.HelloController 表现层控制器
@Controller
public class HelloController {

    @RequestMapping(path = "/hello")
    public String sayHello(){
        System.out.println("Hello StringMVC");
        //返回 success.jsp展现给用户
        return "success";
    }
}
6.success.jsp跳转页面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Titletitle>
head>
<body>
    <h3>入门成功h3>
body>
html>

7.案例执行过程分析

SpringMVC 入门跳转小案例_第1张图片1、服务器启动,应用被加载。读取到 web.xml 中的配置创建 spring 容器并且初始化容器中的对象。 (从入门案例中可以看到的是:HelloController 和 InternalResourceViewResolver,但是远不 止这些。)

2、浏览器发送请求,被 DispatherServlet 捕获,该 Servlet 并不处理请求,而是把请求转发出去。转发 的路径是根据请求 URL,匹配@RequestMapping 中的内容。

3、匹配到了后,执行对应方法。该方法有一个返回值。

4、根据方法的返回值,借助 InternalResourceViewResolver 找到对应的结果视图。

5、渲染结果视图,响应浏览器。

SpringMVC 入门跳转小案例_第2张图片

下一篇将讲解案例涉及的组件

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