在Centos6.6上安装MySQL5.7.12时,遇到了一个问题
安装后在/root目录下没有发现有.mysql_secret这个文件,所以没有没法按照官方文档上说的那样使用,这里记录下,
解决方式:
首先修改MySQL授权登录方式---(跳过授权验证方式启动MySQL):
[root@test ~]# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables & [1] 3401 [root@test ~]# 2016-05-19T12:47:56.564385Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'. 2016-05-19T12:47:56.589376Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
检查MySQL启动情况 [root@test ~]# ps -ef | grep mysql root 3401 2880 0 20:47 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables mysql 3548 3401 0 20:47 pts/1 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
这时登录MySQL不再需要验证
[root@test ~]# mysql
成功登录MySQL后:
切换到mysql系统库: mysql> use mysql; 修改root账户登录密码: mysql> update user set password=password('') where user='root'; ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'password' in 'field list' ---报错没有password这个数据字段列 描述user表 mysql> desc user; ... | authentication_string | text | YES | | NULL | | | password_expired | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | password_last_changed | timestamp | YES | | NULL | | | password_lifetime | smallint(5) unsigned | YES | | NULL | | | account_locked | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | +------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+ ---没发现password列,但是找到这5个跟密码相关的数据字段 查询一下相关的密码信息: mysql> select user,host,authentication_string,password_expired from user; +-----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+ | user | host | authentication_string | password_expired | +-----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+ | root | localhost | *9AA01F6E2A80A823ACB72CC07337E2911404B5B8 | Y | | mysql.sys | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE | N | +-----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+ ---到这里不难发现root账户的密码已过期,还比5.6多出了一个mysql.sys用户 修改密码 mysql> update user set authentication_string=password('123abc') where user='root'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> exit
密码修改成功,测试:
重启MySQL: [root@test ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart 登录测试: [root@test ~]# mysql -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.12-enterprise-commercial-advanced ... mysql> show databases; ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement. ---报错,需要使用alter user 修改密码
mysql> alter user root@'localhost' identified by 'oracle'; ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements ---报错,密码不满足制定的密码负责度要求
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'Abc!123D'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
关于密码策略
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%'; +--------------------------------------+--------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------------------+--------+ | validate_password_dictionary_file | | | validate_password_length | 8 | | validate_password_mixed_case_count | 1 | | validate_password_number_count | 1 | | validate_password_policy | MEDIUM | | validate_password_special_char_count | 1 | +--------------------------------------+--------+ 6 rows in set (0.02 sec) mysql> show plugins; +----------------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------+-------------+ | Name | Status | Type | Library | License | +----------------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------+-------------+ | binlog | ACTIVE | STORAGE ENGINE | NULL | PROPRIETARY | ... | validate_password | ACTIVE | VALIDATE PASSWORD | validate_password.so | PROPRIETARY | +----------------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------+-------------+ ---可以通过在配置文件[mysqld]标签中添加 validate_passwor=off ,来关闭密码策略 如下: ... | validate_password | DISABLED | VALIDATE PASSWORD | validate_password.so | PROPRIETARY | +----------------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------+-------------+
总结
1) 安装好mysql后,第一次启动时,root管理密码会在/root/.mysql_secret中随机生成
2) 至5.7后,MySQL的 mysql.user 表中的密码字段由之前的 password 改为 authentication_string
3) 使用--skip-grant-tables 参数启动,跳过MySQL的授权验证,--skip-networking参数,跳过远程登录
4) 修改MySQL密码方式:
法1:update user set authentication_string=password('123abc') where user='root';
法2:set password=password('newpassword');
法3:alter user root@'localhost' identified by 'oracle';
法4:在shell下使用MySQL工具:mysqladmin -uroot -poldpassword pasword "newpassword"
5) 关于MySQL密码策略:
决定是否使用该插件(及强制/永久强制使用)
--validate-password=ON/OFF/FORCE/FORCE_PLUS_PERMANENT
validate_password_dictionary_file > 插件用于验证密码强度的字典文件路径。
validate_password_length > 密码最小长度。
validate_password_mixed_case_count > 密码至少要包含的小写字母个数和大写字母个数。
validate_password_number_count > 密码至少要包含的数字个数。
validate_password_policy > 密码强度检查等级,
0/LOW、1/MEDIUM、2/STRONG。
validate_password_special_char_count > 密码至少要包含的特殊字符数。
其中关于validate_password_policy-密码强度检查等级:
0/LOW >
只检查长度。
1/MEDIUM >
检查长度、数字、大小写、特殊字符。
2/STRONG >
检查长度、数字、大小写、特殊字符字典文件。
后记
经过一段时间后,发现mysql初始密码原来被记录到了日志文件中
查找日志位置
[root@test /var/lib/mysql]# ps -ef | grep mysql root 5604 1 0 22:40 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --basedir=/usr --user=mysql mysql 5802 5604 5 22:40 pts/1 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock root 5837 2880 0 22:40 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color mysql
藏在日志文件中的临时密码 [root@test /var/lib/mysql]# grep "A temporary password" /var/log/mysqld.log 2016-05-17T16:46:53.059632Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: +wGVA#to(4tu