Automake十分钟速成教程

文章目录

  • AUTOMAKE
    • 小试牛刀
      • 所需文件
      • 执行步骤
      • 文件含义
      • 发布程序
    • example

AUTOMAKE

小试牛刀

所需文件

使用automake管理单个可执行程序

  • 所需文件
  1. hello–文件夹
  2. hello/Makefile.am
  3. hello/configure.ac
  4. hello/inc–文件夹
  5. hello/src–文件夹
  6. hello/src/main.c
  7. hello/src/Makefile.am
  8. hello/README

文件内容如下:

andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ cat configure.ac 
AC_INIT([hello], [1.0], [[email protected]])
AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([-Wall -Werror foreign])
AC_PROG_CC
AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
AC_CONFIG_FILES([
    Makefile
    src/Makefile
])
AC_OUTPUT
andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ 

andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ cat Makefile.am 
SUBDIRS = src
dist_doc_DATA = README
andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ 

andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ cat README 
This is a test for automakeandrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ 


andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ cat src/Makefile.am 
bin_PROGRAMS = hello
hello_SOURCES = main.c


andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ cat src/main.c 
#include 
#include "config.h"

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    puts("Hello world!\n");
    puts("This is " PACKAGE_STRING ".");
    return 0;
}

执行步骤

执行autoreconf --install

andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ autoreconf --install 
configure.ac:3: installing './compile'
configure.ac:2: installing './install-sh'
configure.ac:2: installing './missing'
src/Makefile.am: installing './depcomp'

除了生成上述三个文件之外,执行 autoreconf --install之后还会生成,configure config.h.in Makefile.in and src/Makefile.in,带有后缀in的是临时文件,执行configure之后会生成对应的config.h Makefile src/Makeifle.

autoreconf其实是一个脚本,会按照正确的顺序调用autoconf automake等, 所以仅需调用autoreconf就不用担心自己调用脚本的顺序是否正缺正确了,autoreconf会按照正确的顺序执行对应的命令。

执行./configure

执行./configure用于生成对应Makeifle脚本和config.h头文件。

andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ ./configure 
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p
checking for gawk... no
checking for mawk... mawk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking whether make supports nested variables... yes
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables... 
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking whether gcc understands -c and -o together... yes
checking for style of include used by make... GNU
checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
checking that generated files are newer than configure... done
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating src/Makefile
config.status: creating config.h
config.status: executing depfiles commands

执行make

执行make生成可执行文件

andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ make
make  all-recursive
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/andrew/work/hello'
Making all in src
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/andrew/work/hello/src'
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I..     -g -O2 -MT main.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/main.Tpo -c -o main.o main.c
mv -f .deps/main.Tpo .deps/main.Po
gcc  -g -O2   -o hello main.o  
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/andrew/work/hello/src'
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/andrew/work/hello'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/andrew/work/hello'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/andrew/work/hello'

文件含义

configure.ac

configure.ac会用于autoconfautomake用于生成makefile.ins

andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ cat configure.ac 
# AC_ autoconf 宏,初始化autoconf
# AC_INIT 中的参数列表,代表的意思,文件夹名,版本号,bug报告地址
AC_INIT([hello], [1.0], [[email protected]])
# AM_ automake 宏 初始化automake
# AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE 中的参数列表是,传递给automake的,
# foreign 告诉automake这个工程不是标准的GNU项目,有些文件GNU中的必要的文件可以缺失
AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([-Wall -Werror foreign])
# 告诉configure去寻找C编译器,并使用CC编译hello,configure将CC定义成对应编译工具
AC_PROG_CC
# autoconf会将上述定义的变量,生成对应的宏定义放到对应的config.h中
AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
# 定义 configure应该根据 *.in等临时文件,生成的文件
AC_CONFIG_FILES([
    Makefile
    src/Makefile
])
# 结束命令,实际生成,AC_CONFIG_HEADERS  AC_CONFIG_FILES 中注册的文件
AC_OUTPUT

Makefile.am

# SUBDIRS 指定需要构建的文件夹
# make dist时,会自动的将README发布,这里的dist_doc_DATA 是留给make install使用的
# The line dist_doc_DATA = README causes README to be distributed and installed in
# docdir.
andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ cat Makefile.am 
SUBDIRS = src
dist_doc_DATA = README
andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ 

# 包含automake指令,用于构建和安装hello
# bin_PROGRAMS 是需要安装的可执行文件,如果文件不需要安装可以使用 noinst_PROGRAMS
# _PROGRAMS构建文件
# _SCRIPTS 生成脚本
# _DATA 生成数据文件
# _LIBRARIES 生成库文件
# make dist 发布文件时,source文件也会打到发布的文件中
andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ cat src/Makefile.am 
bin_PROGRAMS = hello
hello_SOURCES = main.c

说明:

The line dist_doc_DATA = README causes README to be distributed and installed in docdir. Files listed with the _DATA primary are not automatically part of the tarball built with make dist, so we add the dist_ prefix so they get distributed. However, for README it would not have been necessary: automake automatically distributes any README file it en- counters (the list of other files automatically distributed is presented by automake --help). The only important effect of this second line is therefore to install README during make install.

发布程序

make dist

andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ make dist
make  dist-gzip am__post_remove_distdir='@:'
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/andrew/work/hello'
if test -d "hello-1.0"; then find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -rf "hello-1.0" || { sleep 5 && rm -rf "hello-1.0"; }; else :; fi
test -d "hello-1.0" || mkdir "hello-1.0"
 (cd src && make  top_distdir=../hello-1.0 distdir=../hello-1.0/src \
     am__remove_distdir=: am__skip_length_check=: am__skip_mode_fix=: distdir)
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/andrew/work/hello/src'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/andrew/work/hello/src'
test -n "" \
|| find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -755 \
	-exec chmod u+rwx,go+rx {} \; -o \
  ! -type d ! -perm -444 -links 1 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
  ! -type d ! -perm -400 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
  ! -type d ! -perm -444 -exec /bin/bash /home/andrew/work/hello/install-sh -c -m a+r {} {} \; \
|| chmod -R a+r "hello-1.0"
tardir=hello-1.0 && ${TAR-tar} chof - "$tardir" | GZIP=--best gzip -c >hello-1.0.tar.gz
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/andrew/work/hello'
if test -d "hello-1.0"; then find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -rf "hello-1.0" || { sleep 5 && rm -rf "hello-1.0"; }; else :; fi

example

编译可执行文件

#Makefile.am文件
bin_PROGRAMS = xxx
#bin_PROGRAMS 表示指定要生成的可执行应用程序文件,这表示可执行文件在安装时需要被安装到系统
#中;如果只是想编译,不想被安装到系统中,可以用noinst_PROGRAMS来代替

xxx_SOURCES = a.c b.c c.c main.c d.c xxx.c
#xxx_SOURCES表示生成可执行应用程序所用的源文件,这里注意,xxx_是由前面的bin_PROGRAMS
#指定的,如果前面是生成example,那么这里就是example_SOURCES,其它的类似标识也是一样

xxx_CPPFLAGS = -DCONFIG_DIR=\"$(sysconfdir)\" -DLIBRARY_DIR=\"$(pkglibdir)\"
#xxx_CPPFLAGS 这和Makefile文件中一样,表示C语言预处理参数,这里指定了DCONFIG_DIR,以后
#在程序中,就可以直接使用CONFIG_DIR。不要把这个和另一个CFLAGS混淆,后者表示编译器参数

xxx_LDFLAGS = -export-dynamic -lmemcached
#xxx_LDFLAGS 连接的时候所需库文件的标识,这个也就是对应一些如-l,-shared等选项

noinst_HEADERS = xxx.h
#这个表示该头文件只是参加可执行文件的编译,而不用安装到安装目录下。如果需要安装到系统中,
#可以用include_HEADERS来代替

INCLUDES = -I/usr/local/libmemcached/include/
#INCLUDES  链接时所需要的头文件

xxx_LDADD = $(top_builddir)/sx/libsession.a \
                $(top_builddir)/util/libutil.a
#xxx_LDADD 链接时所需要的库文件,这里表示需要两个库文件的支持

编译动态库

#Makefile.am文件
xxxlibdir=$(libdir)//新建一个目录,该目录就是lib目录,运行后xxx.so将安装在该目录下 
xxxlib_PROGRAMS=xxx.so  
xxx_so_SOURCES=xxx.c
xxx_so_LDFLAGS=-shared -fpic //GCC编译动态库的选项

编译静态库

#Makefile.am文件 noinst 说明该库不需要安装
noinst_LTLIBRARIES = xxx.a
noinst_HEADERS = a.h b.h
xxx_a_SOURCES = a.c b.c xxx.c

完整代码地址链接

Automake十分钟速成教程_第1张图片

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