队列是很常见的一种数据存储结构,今天,介绍下如何用链表实现双向队列。
首先定义节点接口如下:
public interface Node<E> {
//设置数据元素
public void setData(E o);
//获取节点元素
public E getData();
}
根据需求不同,实现该接口,双向链表节点的实现如下:
public class DLNode<E> implements Node<E> {
private E element;
private DLNode<E> pre;
//下一个节点
private DLNode<E> next;
//比较策略对象,用于比较两个对象是否相等,在查找,插值等情况下使用
private Strategy strategy;
//无参构造函数
public DLNode() {
this(new DefaultStrategy());
}
//有参构造函数
public DLNode(Strategy strategy) {
this.strategy = strategy;
this.pre = null;
this.next = null;
}
//赋值
@Override
public void setData(E o) {
this.element = o;
}
//获取值
@Override
public E getData() {
return this.element;
}
//比较元素是否相等
public boolean equal(E o) {
if (this.strategy.equals(o, this.element)) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
//设置节点前置节点
public void setPre(DLNode<E> pre) {
this.pre = pre;
}
//设置后续节点
public void setNext(DLNode<E> next) {
this.next = next;
}
//获取前置节点
public DLNode<E> getPre() {
return this.pre;
}
//获取后续节点
public DLNode<E> getNext() {
return this.next;
}
}
代码应该没有比较难理解的地方,简单说明一下:双向链表节点DLNode几个属性含义分别为element是数据元素(存储节点数据),pre是前一个节点的引用,next是下一个节点的引用,Strategy是比较策略接口,用来比较两个数据元素是否相等,在后面的例子中会有使用,Strategy和DefaultStrategy代码。
//Strategy接口
public interface Strategy {
//比较两个元素是否相等
public boolean equals(Object obj1, Object obj2);
}
//DefaultStrategy实现类
public class DefaultStrategy implements Strategy {
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj1, Object obj2) {
if (null != obj1 && null != obj2) {
return obj1.equals(obj2);
}
return false;
}
}
接下来就是双向链表的实现了,链表的应该有一下几个功能,查询,删除,插入等等,代码如下:
public class DoubleLinkedList<E> {
//双向链表头结点
private DLNode<E> header;
//双向链表尾节点
private DLNode<E> tail;
//比较策略对象,用于比较两个对象是否相等,在查找,插值等情况下使用
private Strategy strategy;
//链表大小
private int size;
public DoubleLinkedList() {
this.size = 0;
this.header = null;
this.tail = null;
this.strategy = null;
}
public DoubleLinkedList(Strategy strategy) {
this.size = 0;
this.header = null;
this.tail = null;
this.strategy = strategy;
}
//是否是空链表
public boolean isEmpty() {
return this.size == 0;
}
//获取链表大小
public int getSize() {
return this.size;
}
//链表尾加入链表
public void push(E o) {
DLNode<E> node = this.strategy != null ? new DLNode(this.strategy) : new DLNode();
node.setData(o);
if (this.size == 0) {
this.header = node;
this.tail = node;
node.setPre(null);
} else {
node.setPre(this.tail);
this.tail.setNext(node);
this.tail = node;
}
node.setNext(null);
this.size++;
}
//链表尾加入链表
public void unshift(E o) {
DLNode<E> node = this.strategy != null ? new DLNode( this.strategy) : new DLNode();
node.setData(o);
if (this.size == 0) {
this.header = node;
this.tail = node;
node.setNext(null);
} else {
node.setNext(this.header);
this.header.setPre(node);
this.header = node;
}
node.setPre(null);
this.size++;
}
//在特定值之前插入值
public boolean insertBefore(E target, E src) {
if (this.size == 0) {
return false;
} else {
DLNode<E> headerP = this.header;
while (headerP != null) {
if (headerP.equal(target)) {
DLNode<E> node = this.strategy != null ? new DLNode( this.strategy) : new DLNode();
node.setData(src);
DLNode<E> preNode = headerP.getPre();
headerP.setPre(node);
node.setPre(preNode);
node.setNext(headerP);
this.size++;
return true;
}
headerP = headerP.getNext();
}
return false;
}
}
//在特定值之前插入值
public boolean insertAfter(E target, E src) {
if (this.size == 0) {
return false;
} else {
DLNode<E> headerP = this.header;
while (headerP != null) {
if (headerP.equal(target)) {
DLNode<E> node = this.strategy != null ? new DLNode(this.strategy) : new DLNode();
node.setData(src);
DLNode<E> nextNode = headerP.getNext();
headerP.setNext(node);
node.setPre(headerP);
node.setNext(nextNode);
this.size++;
return true;
}
headerP = headerP.getNext();
}
return false;
}
}
//判断是否存在某个元素
public boolean isExist(E o) {
if (this.size == 0) {
return false;
} else {
DLNode<E> headerP = this.header;
while (headerP != null) {
if (headerP.equal(o)) {
return true;
}
headerP = headerP.getNext();
}
return false;
}
}
//判断元素在链表中的位置
public int indexOf(E o) {
if (this.size == 0) {
return -1;
} else {
DLNode<E> headerP = this.header;
int index = 0;
while (headerP != null) {
if (headerP.equal(o)) {
return index;
}
headerP = headerP.getNext();
index++;
}
return -1;
}
}
public boolean remove(E o) {
if (this.size == 0) {
return false;
} else {
DLNode<E> headerP = this.header;
while (headerP != null) {
if (headerP.equal(o)) {
DLNode<E> pre = headerP.getPre();
DLNode<E> next = headerP.getNext();
if (pre == null) {
this.header = next;
} else {
pre.setNext(next);
}
if (next == null) {
this.tail = pre;
} else {
next.setPre(pre);
}
this.size--;
return true;
}
headerP = headerP.getNext();
}
return false;
}
}
//获取头节点
public DLNode<E> getHeader() {
return this.header;
}
//获取尾节点
public DLNode<E> getTail() {
return this.tail;
}
//返回队列尾节点,并将尾节点从链表中删除
public E pop() {
if (this.size == 0) {
return null;
} else {
E result = this.tail.getData();
if (this.tail.getPre() != null) {
this.tail.getPre().setNext(null);
this.tail = this.tail.getPre();
} else {
this.tail = null;
this.header = null;
}
this.size--;
return result;
}
}
//返回队链表首节点数据,并将首节点从链表中删除
public E shift() {
if (this.size == 0) {
return null;
} else {
E result = this.header.getData();
if (this.header.getNext() != null) {
this.header.getNext().setPre(null);
this.header = this.header.getNext();
} else {
this.tail = null;
this.header = null;
}
this.size--;
return result;
}
}
}
每个方法属性的含义在代码中已经注释,没有特别需要讲解的地方,如有疑问,请给我留言。
下面测试一下链表功能:
有学生类(Student)如下:
package LinkedNode;
public class Student {
private String name;
private int age;
private String stuId;
public Student(String name, int age, String id) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.stuId = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getStuId() {
return stuId;
}
public void setStuId(String stuId) {
this.stuId = stuId;
}
public String toString() {
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
stringBuilder.append("姓名:");
stringBuilder.append(this.name);
stringBuilder.append(",年龄:");
stringBuilder.append(this.age);
stringBuilder.append(",学号:");
stringBuilder.append(this.stuId);
return stringBuilder.toString();
}
}
学生类之间的比较策略实现如下:
public class StudentStrategy implements Strategy {
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj1, Object obj2) {
if (obj1 instanceof Student && obj2 instanceof Student) {
Student student1 = (Student)obj1;
Student student2 = (Student)obj2;
return student1.getStuId().equals(student2.getStuId());
} else {
return false;
}
}
}
只要两个类的stuId是相等的,就认为类是相等的,可以理解为,每个学生都有一个学号,学号一致,则认为就是同一个人。
测试代码如下,输出在代码下面:
public class TestDLNode {
public static void main(String [] args) {
DoubleLinkedList<Student> doubleLinkedList = new DoubleLinkedList<>(new StudentStrategy());
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++){
Student student = new Student("sutdenet" + i, 20, String.valueOf(i));
doubleLinkedList.push(student);
}
DLNode<Student> header = doubleLinkedList.getHeader();
Student student1 = new Student("", 0, "3");
Student student2 = new Student("this is insert", 10, "10");
doubleLinkedList.insertAfter(student1, student2);
System.out.println(doubleLinkedList.getSize());
while (header != null) {
System.out.println(header.getData());
header = header.getNext();
}
System.out.println(doubleLinkedList.indexOf(student1));
System.out.println(doubleLinkedList.pop());
System.out.println(doubleLinkedList.getSize());
}
}
/*
输出如下:
6
姓名:sutdenet0,年龄:20,学号:0
姓名:sutdenet1,年龄:20,学号:1
姓名:sutdenet2,年龄:20,学号:2
姓名:sutdenet3,年龄:20,学号:3
姓名:this is insert,年龄:10,学号:10
姓名:sutdenet4,年龄:20,学号:4
3
姓名:sutdenet4,年龄:20,学号:4
5
*/
对比代码和输出,可看到双向队列的基本功能都已经实现。