docker 安装和使用
文章目录
- 安装
- 配置
- 国内镜像
- 容器路径
- daemon.json详解
- docker 基本操作
安装
centos7
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 #相关依赖
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo #添加软件源
yum -y install docker-ce # 安装docker 版本18.09.6-3.el7
systemctl enable docker #开机启动
systemctl start docker #开启docker
deepin
sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg2 software-properties-common #安装 apt 依赖包，用于通过 HTTPS 来获取仓库。
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | sudo apt-key add - #添加 Docker 的官方 GPG 密钥
sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io -y #安装最新版本的 Docker Engine-Community 18.09.6~3-0~debian-stretch
# apt-cache madison docker-ce # 安装特殊版本
# sudo apt-get install docker-ce= docker-ce-cli= containerd.io
systemctl enable docker #开机启动
systemctl start docker #开启docker
配置
国内镜像
vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"]
}
重启docker 生效
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
容器路径
vi /lib/systemd/system/docker.service
在ExecStart后加入:
–graph=/data/docker/
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock --graph=/data/docker/
重启docker 生效
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
daemon.json详解
vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"authorization-plugins": [],
"data-root": "",
#Docker运行时使用的根路径,根路径下的内容稍后介绍，默认/var/lib/docker
"dns": [],
#设定容器DNS的地址，在容器的 /etc/resolv.conf文件中可查看
"dns-opts": [],
#容器 /etc/resolv.conf 文件，其他设置
"dns-search": [],
#设定容器的搜索域，当设定搜索域为 .example.com 时，在搜索一个名为 host 的 主机时，DNS不仅搜索host，还会搜索host.example.com。注意：如果不设置，Docker 会默认用主机上的 /etc/resolv.conf来配置容器。
"exec-opts": [],
"exec-root": "",
"experimental": false,
"features": {},
"storage-driver": "",
"storage-opts": [],
"labels": [],
#docker主机的标签，很实用的功能,例如定义：–label nodeName=host-121
"live-restore": true,
"log-driver": "",
"log-opts": {},
"mtu": 0,
"pidfile": "",
#Docker守护进程的PID文件
"cluster-store": "",
"cluster-store-opts": {},
"cluster-advertise": "",
"max-concurrent-downloads": 3,
"max-concurrent-uploads": 5,
"default-shm-size": "64M",
"shutdown-timeout": 15,
"debug": true,
#启用debug的模式，启用后，可以看到很多的启动信息。默认false
"hosts": [],
#设置容器hosts
"log-level": "",
"tls": true,
#默认 false, 启动TLS认证开关
"tlscacert": "",
#默认 ~/.docker/ca.pem，通过CA认证过的的certificate文件路径
"tlscert": "",
#默认 ~/.docker/cert.pem ，TLS的certificate文件路径
"tlskey": "",
#默认~/.docker/key.pem，TLS的key文件路径
"tlsverify": true,
#默认false，使用TLS并做后台进程与客户端通讯的验证
"tls": true,
"tlsverify": true,
"tlscacert": "",
"tlscert": "",
"tlskey": "",
"swarm-default-advertise-addr": "",
"api-cors-header": "",
"selinux-enabled": false,
#默认 false，启用selinux支持
"userns-remap": "",
"group": "",
#Unix套接字的属组,仅指/var/run/docker.sock
"cgroup-parent": "",
"default-ulimits": {
"nofile": {
"Name": "nofile",
"Hard": 64000,
"Soft": 64000
}
},
"init": false,
"init-path": "/usr/libexec/docker-init",
"ipv6": false,
"iptables": false,
"ip-forward": false,
#默认true, 启用 net.ipv4.ip_forward ,进入容器后使用sysctl -a|grepnet.ipv4.ip_forward查看
"ip-masq": false,
"userland-proxy": false,
"userland-proxy-path": "/usr/libexec/docker-proxy",
"ip": "0.0.0.0",
"bridge": "",
"bip": "",
"fixed-cidr": "",
"fixed-cidr-v6": "",
"default-gateway": "",
"default-gateway-v6": "",
"icc": false,
"raw-logs": false,
"allow-nondistributable-artifacts": [],
"registry-mirrors": [],
#镜像加速的地址，增加后在 docker info中可查看。
"seccomp-profile": "",
"insecure-registries": [],
#配置docker的私库地址
"no-new-privileges": false,
"default-runtime": "runc",
"oom-score-adjust": -500,
"node-generic-resources": ["NVIDIA-GPU=UUID1", "NVIDIA-GPU=UUID2"],
"runtimes": {
"cc-runtime": {
"path": "/usr/bin/cc-runtime"
},
"custom": {
"path": "/usr/local/bin/my-runc-replacement",
"runtimeArgs": [
"--debug"
]
}
},
"default-address-pools":[{"base":"172.80.0.0/16","size":24},
{"base":"172.90.0.0/16","size":24}]
}
编辑后重启docker生效
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker.service
docker 基本操作
docker pull nginx #下载nginx
docker pull nginx:1.17.9 # 下载指定tag nginx
docker run --name nginx-test -p 8080:80 -d nginx:1.17.9 #创建并运行docker容器
docker stop d68a62810b4d # 停止容器
docker rm d68a62810b4d # 删除容器
docker exec -it d68a62810b4d bash # 命令行和容器交互