引用对象中,Map集合作为对象的属性存在。对象调用时,需要对Map集合内容进行初始化。
示例代码基于maven构建的SpringWeb项目,版本4.0.5.RELEASE
public class Account {
private long id;
private String ownerName;
//setter & getter方法省略
}
public interface AccountDao {
public Account find(long accountId);
}
@Repository("accountDao")
public class AccountDaoInMemoryImpl implements AccountDao {
private Map<Long,Account> accountsMap = new HashMap<>(16);
@PostConstruct
private void initAccountsMap(){
Account account1 = new Account();
account1.setId(1L);
account1.setOwnerName("John");
Account account2 = new Account();
account2.setId(2L);
account2.setOwnerName("Mary");
accountsMap.put(account1.getId(), account1);
accountsMap.put(account2.getId(), account2);
}
@Override
public Account find(long accountId) {
return accountsMap.get(accountId);
}
}
public interface AccountService {
public Account getAccount(long accountId);
}
@Service
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
@Autowired
@Qualifier("accountDao")
private AccountDao accountDao;
@Override
public Account getAccount(long accountId) {
return accountDao.find(accountId);
}
}
@Controller
public AccountController{
//@Inject
@Resource
private AccountService accountService;
@GetMapping("/getAccountNameById")
public String getAccountNameById(String id){
if (null==id||id.isEmpty()){
return "error";
}
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("[0-9]+");
Matcher isNum = pattern.matcher(id);
if(isNum.matches()){
return accountService.getAccount(Long.parseLong(id));
}else{
return "error";
}
}
}
注解名 | 使用位置 | 说明 |
---|---|---|
@Repository | DAO层实现类 | 定义DAO层Bean,括号内字符串即Bean名称 |
@PostConstruct | DAO层实现类 | 注解的方法将会在依赖注入完成后被自动调用 |
1.对于静态static修饰的Map集合,可以使用static{…}结构实现初始化
private static Map<Long,Account> accountsMap = new HashMap<>();
static{
Account account1 = new Account();
account1.setId(1L);
account1.setOwnerName("John");
Account account2 = new Account();
account2.setId(2L);
account2.setOwnerName("Mary");
accountsMap.put(account1.getId(), account1);
accountsMap.put(account2.getId(), account2);
}
2."双括号"方法(SonarLint并不建议使用这种方式),使用匿名类的方法完成初始化
private Map<Long,Account> accountsMap = new HashMap<Long,Account>() {
{
Account account1 = new Account();
account1.setId(1L);
account1.setOwnerName("John");
Account account2 = new Account();
account2.setId(2L);
account2.setOwnerName("Mary");
accountsMap.put(account1.getId(), account1);
accountsMap.put(account2.getId(), account2);
}
};
3.通过applicationContext.xml配置bean,实现对象属性初始化,不需要在java代码中进行书写初始化相关语句
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="accountService" class="服务实现层所在包路径">
<property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao" />
bean>
<bean id="accountDao" class="DAO实现层所在包路径">
<property name="accountsMap">
<map>
<entry key="1" value-ref="account1"/>
<entry key="2" value-ref="account2"/>
map>
property>
bean>
<bean id="account1" class="实体类所在包路径">
<property name="id" value="1" />
<property name="ownerName" value="John" />
bean>
<bean id="account2" class="实体类所在包路径">
<property name="id" value="2" />
<property name="ownerName" value="Mary" />
bean>
beans>
1.HashMap集合的大小,可以不用指定,在初始化的时候,设定一个初始大小,有利于提高性能。
2.个人偏好于在接口中使用@Resource注解,实际应用中,引入服务层对象,还可以使用@Inject注解
3.@Autowired和@Qualifier两个注解,可以配套使用,用于指定dao层名称
4.不仅是Map集合,List、Set或其他类型属性的初始化,都可以用到这些方法,根据业务场景的不同,采取适合的方式实现
推荐博文:
spring注解 @Autowired @Qualifier @Resource
http://www.cnblogs.com/happyyang/articles/3553687.html
@Autowired @Resource @Qualifier的区别
http://blog.csdn.net/revent/article/details/49203619
HashMap优雅的初始化方式以及引申
https://www.cnblogs.com/aspirant/p/9662066.html
@PostConstruct
https://www.jianshu.com/p/98cf7d8b9ec3