软件意义上的定时器是依赖硬件定时器实现的,内核在时钟中断发生后检测各个定时器是否到期,如果到期,将到期的定时器的处理函数作为软中断的下半部执行。实质上,时钟中断处理程序会唤醒TIMER_SOFTIRQ软中断,运行当前处理器上到期的所有定时器。
struct timer_list {
/*
* All fields that change during normal runtime grouped to the
* same cacheline
*/
struct hlist_node entry;
unsigned long expires; //定时器的到期时间(jiffies)
void (*function)(unsigned long); //定时器时间溢出时的触发函数
unsigned long data; //function的传入参数
u32 flags;
int slack;
#ifdef CONFIG_TIMER_STATS
int start_pid;
void *start_site;
char start_comm[16];
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
struct lockdep_map lockdep_map;
#endif
};
expires一般用户毫秒级别的定时器
微妙和纳秒级别输入高精度定时器hrtimer范围,linux中有hrtimer结构
expires = jiffies + Hz; //expires触发时间为1S
expires = jiffies + 10*Hz/1000 ; //expires触发时间为10ms
expires = jiffies + 100*Hz/1000; //expires触发时间为100mS
定义-初始化-触发
struct timer_list my_timer; //定义
void init_timer(struct timer_list *timer); //初始化
add_timer(struct timer_list * timer); //添加定时器
del_timer(struct timer_list * timer); //删除定时器
mod_timer(struct timer_list *timer, unsigned long expires); //修改定时器
需要说明的是,add_timer或者mod_timer方法往往不会在init或者probe函数中调用,此函数为打开定时器的方法。
改示例代码中,定义一个gpio口为输入中断,有按键按下,1S后打印log。
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include //timer结构体和相关函数的头文件
#include //jiffies和HZ的头文件
#include
#include
//平台相关,gpio口的定义
#define IMX_GPIO_NR(bank, nr) (((bank) - 1) * 32 + (nr))
#define CYNO_GPIO_BEEP_NUM IMX_GPIO_NR(6,10)
//定义timer定时器
struct timer_list my_timer;
static struct pin_desc{
int irq;
unsigned char *name;
unsigned int pin;
};
static struct pin_desc beep_desc = {
0,
"beep_num",
CYNO_GPIO_BEEP_NUM
};
//定时器处理函数
void timer_function(void)
{
printk("%s\n", __func__);
}
//按键中断触发函数
static irqreturn_t beep_interrupt_handler(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
printk("%s\n", __func__);
mod_timer(&my_timer, jiffies + 1 * HZ); //按键按下,1S后出发定时器处理函数
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}
//module初始化函数
static int timer_base_init(void)
{
int ret;
printk(KERN_INFO "%s\n", __func__);
if(gpio_request(beep_desc.pin ,beep_desc.name)){
printk(KERN_ERR "%s : request gpio %d error\n", __func__, beep_desc.pin);
goto err_gpio_request;
}
gpio_direction_input(beep_desc.pin);
beep_desc.irq = gpio_to_irq(beep_desc.pin);
printk(KERN_INFO "%s : the irq num is %d\n", __func__, beep_desc.irq);
ret = request_irq(beep_desc.irq, beep_interrupt_handler , IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_ONESHOT, beep_desc.name , &beep_desc);
if(ret){
printk(KERN_ERR "%s : request_irq is error\n", __func__);
goto err_request_irq;
}
printk("%s : init end\n", __func__);
init_timer(&my_timer); //定时器的初始化
my_timer.function = &timer_function; //绑定定时器的触发函数
return 0;
err_request_irq:
free_irq(beep_desc.irq, &beep_desc);
err_gpio_request:
gpio_free(beep_desc.pin);
return -1;
}
static void timer_base_exit(void)
{
printk("%s\n", __func__);
free_irq(beep_desc.irq, &beep_desc);
gpio_free(beep_desc.pin);
del_timer(&my_timer); //写在模块记得删除定时器
}
module_init(timer_base_init);
module_exit(timer_base_exit);
MODULE_AUTHOR("xiaolei");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("timer base use");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
void msleep(unsigned int millisecs); //不能被打断
void long msleep_interruptible(unsigned int millisecs); //可被打断
void ssleep(unsigned int seconds); //不可被打断
也就是while(1)式延时
用于短延时!!! 一般用于硬件延时,比如i2c协议等
void ndelay(unsigned long nsecs);
void udelay(unsigned long usecs);
void mdelay(unsigned long msecs);