Linux用curl调用应用接口

很多同学都用postman测试过后台应用接口，的确非常方便。今天这里介绍一下在Liunx下用curl命令测试接口的方法和遇到的一些问题，包括url传参转义和中文传参报错的问题，这里都提供解决办法。下面我们来看一个示例吧：

1.我们的后台采用JAVA程序接口，这里只列部分代码

    @PostMapping("/testc/{id}")
    public Object testc(@PathVariable("id") Long id,
                        @RequestParam(value = "name", required = false) String name,
                        @RequestParam(value = "age", required = false) Integer age,
                        @RequestBody User user){
        Map map = new HashMap();
        User u = new User();
        u.setId(id);
        u.setName(name);
        u.setAge(age);
        map.put("uuu", u);
        map.put("uuu2", user);

        return map;
    }

2.启动应用后（接口地址:http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc），我们在shell命令行中进行测试(如果是windows上可以在GitBash上进行测试)

2.1.测试一：

curl -i -X POST http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1

[root@chinoukin-n1 ~]# curl -i -X POST http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1
HTTP/1.1 400 
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Methods: POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE
Access-Control-Max-Age: 3600
Access-Control-Allow-Headers: x-requested-with,Authorization
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2018 06:46:12 GMT
Connection: close

{"timestamp":1537425972603,"status":400,"error":"Bad Request","message":"Required request body is missing: public java.lang.Object com.wisea.demoh2.controller.TestController.testc(java.lang.Long,java.lang.String,java.lang.Integer,com.wisea.demoh2.entity.User)","path":"/testc/1"}[root@chinoukin-n1 ~]# 
[root@chinoukin-n1 ~]# 

  通过测试可以发现报400错误，原因现在没有指定request body参数，下面先通过指定一个空json数据测试

2.2.测试二：

curl -i -X POST --data '{}' http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1

[root@chinoukin-n1 ~]# curl -i -X POST --data '{}' http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1
HTTP/1.1 415 
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Methods: POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE
Access-Control-Max-Age: 3600
Access-Control-Allow-Headers: x-requested-with,Authorization
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2018 06:52:12 GMT

{"timestamp":1537426332587,"status":415,"error":"Unsupported Media Type","message":"Content type 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8' not supported","path":"/testc/1"}

  通过测试可以发现报415错误，原因是请求头参数Content-Type没有指定，默认是application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8，下面我们指定为application/json来测试

2.3.测试三：

curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json;charset=UTF-8' --data '{}' http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1

[root@chinoukin-n1 ~]# curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json;charset=UTF-8' --data '{}' http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1
HTTP/1.1 200 
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Methods: POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE
Access-Control-Max-Age: 3600
Access-Control-Allow-Headers: x-requested-with,Authorization
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2018 07:02:22 GMT

{"uuu":{"id":1,"name":null,"age":null},"uuu2":{"id":null,"name":null,"age":null}}

  可以发现通过测试了，下面补全参数进行测试

2.4.测试四：

curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json;charset=UTF-8' --data '{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin","age":18}' \

http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1?name=chinoukin&age=19

[root@chinoukin-n1 ~]# curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json;charset=UTF-8' --data '{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin","age":18}' http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1?name=chinoukin&age=19
[1] 2463
[root@chinoukin-n1 ~]# HTTP/1.1 200 
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Methods: POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE
Access-Control-Max-Age: 3600
Access-Control-Allow-Headers: x-requested-with,Authorization
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2018 07:06:24 GMT

{"uuu":{"id":1,"name":"chinoukin","age":null},"uuu2":{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin","age":18}}

   可以发现测试通过了，但是可以看到对象“uuu”的age是空，而设定的是19。通过第二行不难发现，这是因为Linux把URL传参中的“&”当成启动后台进程了，下面进行字符转义（\&）测试

2.5.测试五：

curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json;charset=UTF-8' --data '{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin","age":18}' \

http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1?name=chinoukin\&age=19

[root@chinoukin-n1 ~]# curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json;charset=UTF-8' --data '{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin","age":18}' http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1?name=chinoukin\&age=19
HTTP/1.1 200 
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Methods: POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE
Access-Control-Max-Age: 3600
Access-Control-Allow-Headers: x-requested-with,Authorization
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2018 07:13:55 GMT

{"uuu":{"id":1,"name":"chinoukin","age":19},"uuu2":{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin","age":18}}

   可以发现测试完美通过，对象“uuu”的age也正常了。这是同学们可能觉得就完美了，已经完事了，洗洗睡了。但是...

2.6.测试六：

curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' --data '{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin大侠","age":18}' \

http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1?name=chinoukin大侠\&age=19

[root@chinoukin-n1 ~]# curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' --data '{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin大侠","age":18}' http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1?name=chinoukin大侠\&age=19
HTTP/1.1 400 
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2018 07:23:25 GMT
Connection: close

  通过测试可以发现报400错误，原因是URL传参中含有中文，下面通过UrlEncode转码一下再进行测试

2.7.测试七：

curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' --data '{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin大侠","age":18}' \

http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1?name=chinoukin%e5%a4%a7%e4%be%a0\&age=19

[root@chinoukin-n1 ~]# curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' --data '{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin大侠","age":18}' http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1?name=chinoukin%e5%a4%a7%e4%be%a0\&age=19
HTTP/1.1 200 
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Methods: POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE
Access-Control-Max-Age: 3600
Access-Control-Allow-Headers: x-requested-with,Authorization
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2018 07:28:19 GMT

{"uuu":{"id":1,"name":"chinoukin大侠","age":19},"uuu2":{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin大侠","age":18}}

 可以发现测试完美通过，这时同学们可能觉得终于可以洗洗睡啦，但是...，当我在GitBash上测试，结果不尽人意

2.8.测试八（GitBash）：

curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' --data '{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin大侠","age":18}' \

http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1?name=chinoukin%e5%a4%a7%e4%be%a0\&age=19

chinoukin@DESKTOP-PH67EF6 MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' --data '{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin大侠","age":18}' http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1?name=chinoukin%e5%a4%a7%e4%be%a0\&age=19
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   526    0   484  100    42  32266   2800 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 35066HTTP/1.1 400
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Methods: POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE
Access-Control-Max-Age: 3600
Access-Control-Allow-Headers: x-requested-with,Authorization
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2018 07:33:09 GMT
Connection: close

{"timestamp":1537428789546,"status":400,"error":"Bad Request","message":"JSON parse error: Invalid UTF-8 start byte 0xb4\n at [Source: (PushbackInputStream); line: 1, column: 29]; nested exception is com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException: Invalid UTF-8 start byte 0xb4\n at [Source: (PushbackInputStream); line: 1, column: 29]\n at [Source: (PushbackInputStream); line: 1, column: 16] (through reference chain: com.wisea.demoh2.entity.User[\"name\"])","path":"/testc/1"}

 通过测试可以发现报400错误，原因是windows系统默认编码格式是GBK，而命令行中的中文参数在提交时被转码成GBK了，下面将中文字符进行Unicode转码后再进行测试

2.9.测试九（GitBash）：

curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' --data '{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin\u5927\u4fa0","age":18}' \

http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1?name=chinoukin%e5%a4%a7%e4%be%a0\&age=19

chinoukin@DESKTOP-PH67EF6 MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' --data '{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin\u5927\u4fa0","age":18}' http://192.168.20.149:8080/testc/1?name=chinoukin%e5%a4%a7%e4%be%a0\&age=19
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   152    0   102  100    50    99k  50000 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  148kHTTP/1.1 200
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Methods: POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE
Access-Control-Max-Age: 3600
Access-Control-Allow-Headers: x-requested-with,Authorization
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2018 07:37:27 GMT

{"uuu":{"id":1,"name":"chinoukin大侠","age":19},"uuu2":{"id":2,"name":"chenyingqin大侠","age":18}}

  可以发现测试完美通过了，这下终于可以洗洗睡啦~~