RIP和IGRP路由协议的配置

 

[本实验环境是Cisco packet tracer模拟器上做的]

 

如下图搭建好实验路由拓扑:

配置 Router1

Router>enable

Router#config terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#no logging console

Router(config)#interface fa0/0

Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#interface se0/1/0

Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.65.1 255.255.255.0

Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000

Router(config-if)#no shutdown

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to down

Router(config)#interface se0/0/0

Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.67.1 255.255.255.0

Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000

Router(config-if)#no shutdown

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to down

Router(config-if)#end

其他路由器如上配置。

在还未配置路由协议之前我们来查看下路由表,以便和配置后的路由表相互比较下

Router#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

       P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

C    192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

C    192.168.67.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0

C    192.168.69.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1

 

 

下面的一些路由协议的配置将在以上实验拓扑上实现:

一、配置 RIP 协议

现在在路由器 Router1 上配置 RIP 路由协议:

Router(config)#router rip

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.65.0

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.67.0

Router(config-router)#version 2

Router(config-router)#exit

在路由器 Router0 上配置 RIP 路由协议:

Router(config)#router rip

Router(config-router)#net 192.168.3.0

Router(config-router)#net 192.168.65.0

Router(config-router)#net 192.168.69.0

Router(config-router)#version 2

Router(config-router)#exit

如上在路由器 Router2 上配置 RIP 协议:

Router(config)#router rip

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.5.0

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.67.0

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.69.0

Router(config-router)#version 2

Router(config-router)#exit

 

配置完 RIP 协议后,就可以查看路由表,如下:

Router>enable

Router#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

       P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

R    192.168.5.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.67.2, 00:00:17, Serial0/0/0

C    192.168.65.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/1/0

C    192.168.67.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0

R    192.168.69.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.67.2, 00:00:17, Serial0/0/0

 

和之前的路由表对比信息发现路由器自学到两条路由信息

R    192.168.5.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.67.2, 00:00:17, Serial0/0/0

R    192.168.69.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.67.2, 00:00:17, Serial0/0/0

 

(附:

   R : 表示此路由是由 RIP 协议获取的,另外 C 代表直接相连的网段。

   192.168.5.0   表示目标网段。

   [120/1]:120 RIP 路由协议的管理距离,默认是 120 1 是该路由的度量值,即跳数。

   Via: 经由的意思

   192.168.67.2  表示从当前路由器出发到达目标网的下一跳点的 IP 地址。

   00:00:17   表示该条路由产生的时间。

   Serial0/0/0  表示该条路由使用的端口。

  )

二、配置 IGRP 协议

在路由器 Router1 上配置 IGRP 协议

(在我的 Cisco Packet Tracer 软件中只有 Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) ) Router(config)#router eigrp 100

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.65.0

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.67.0

Router(config-router)#exit

如同,在 Router0 上配置 IGRP 协议

Router#config termina

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#no router rip

Router(config)#router eigrp 100

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.65.0

Router(config-router)#

%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP 100: Neighbor 192.168.65.1 (Serial0/1/0) is up: new adjacency

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.69.0

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0

Router(config-router)#exit

Router2 上配置 IGRP 协议

Router#confi term

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#no router rip

Router(config)#router eigrp 100

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.67.0

Router(config-router)#

%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP 100: Neighbor 192.168.67.1 (Serial0/0/0) is up: new adjacency

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.5.0

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.69.0

Router(config-router)#

%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP 100: Neighbor 192.168.69.1 (Serial0/0/1) is up: new adjacency

Router(config-router)#exit

 

 

配置好 IGRP 路由协议后,让我们来看一下 Router0 中的路由表信息:

Router#

Router#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

       P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

D    192.168.1.0/24 [90/5634560] via 192.168.65.1, 00:04:14, Serial0/1/0

C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

D    192.168.5.0/24 [90/5634560] via 192.168.69.2, 00:00:51, Serial0/0/1

C    192.168.65.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/1/0

D    192.168.67.0/24 [90/6144000] via 192.168.65.1, 00:04:14, Serial0/1/0

                     [90/6144000] via 192.168.69.2, 00:00:51, Serial0/0/1

C    192.168.69.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1

 

在配置过 RIP 路由协议后,我们发现 IGRP 协议配置与 RIP 协议配置不同,在这里配置接口事需要配置各路由器间链路的带宽。因为带宽是 IGRP 协议的度量值之一 u ,它要根据这些信息来计算不同路径的度量值,而不同于 RIP 只用跳数来作为唯一的度量值。

当我们改变一条链路的带宽时,会发生什么事?

Router2 路由器的 se0/0/1 端口上

Router>enable

Router#config term

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#interface se0/0/1

Router(config-if)#bandwidth 64

%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP 100: Neighbor 192.168.69.1 (Serial0/0/1) is down: interface down

%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP 100: Neighbor 192.168.69.1 (Serial0/0/1) is up: new adjacency

 

Router0 路由器的 se0/0/1 端口上

Router>

Router>enable

Router#config term

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#

Router(config)#interface se0/0/1

Router(config-if)#bandwidth 64

%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP 100: Neighbor 192.168.69.2 (Serial0/0/1) is down: interface down

%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP 100: Neighbor 192.168.69.2 (Serial0/0/1) is up: new adjacency

 

配置好后,让我们再来看下 Router0 的路由信息

Router#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

       P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

D    192.168.1.0/24 [90/5634560] via 192.168.65.1, 00:17:28, Serial0/1/0

C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

D    192.168.5.0/24 [90/6146560] via 192.168.65.1, 00:00:46, Serial0/1/0

C    192.168.65.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/1/0

D    192.168.67.0/24 [90/6144000] via 192.168.65.1, 00:17:28, Serial0/1/0

C    192.168.69.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1

与之前的路由表信息比较后,你会发现 R0 访问 R2 R2 访问 R0 的路由都要经过路由器 R1 转发,

这是因为 IGRP 协议计算度量值时考虑了网络的带宽,它根据所计算出的度量值,选择度量值小的路径保留在路由表中,【 90/5634560 】中的 90 IGRP 协议的管理距离。

 

(注意:这里用的是 EIGRP 路由协议。 EIGRP 协议配置与 IGRP 协议有相似之处,但由于它对于 VLSM (可变长子网掩码)的支持和众多的其他特性,使得在高级配置以及监测和调试方面与 IGRP 有许多不同之处,在配置时应加以注意。)

 

 

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