## Servlet:
1. 概念
2. 步骤
3. 执行原理
4. 生命周期
5. Servlet3.0 注解配置
6. Servlet的体系结构
Servlet -- 接口
|
GenericServlet -- 抽象类
|
HttpServlet -- 抽象类
* GenericServlet:将Servlet接口中其他的方法做了默认空实现,只将service()方法作为抽象
* 将来定义Servlet类时,可以继承GenericServlet,实现service()方法即可
* HttpServlet:对http协议的一种封装,简化操作
1. 定义类继承HttpServlet
2. 复写doGet/doPost方法
7. Servlet相关配置
1. urlpartten:Servlet访问路径
1. 一个Servlet可以定义多个访问路径 : @WebServlet({"/d4","/dd4","/ddd4"})
2. 路径定义规则:
1. /xxx:路径匹配
2. /xxx/xxx:多层路径,目录结构
3. *.do:扩展名匹配
/**
* Servlet路径配置
* @WebServlet({"/d4","/dd4","/ddd4"})
* @WebServlet("/user/demo4")
* @WebServlet("/user/*")
* @WebServlet("/*")
*/
@WebServlet("*.do")
public class ServletDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("demo4....");
}
}
## HTTP:
* 概念:Hyper Text Transfer Protocol 超文本传输协议
* 传输协议:定义了,客户端和服务器端通信时,发送数据的格式
* 特点:
1. 基于TCP/IP的高级协议
2. 默认端口号:80
3. 基于请求/响应模型的:一次请求对应一次响应
4. 无状态的:每次请求之间相互独立,不能交互数据
* 历史版本:
* 1.0:每一次请求响应都会建立新的连接
* 1.1:复用连接
请求消息数据格式
1. 请求行
请求方式 请求url 请求协议/版本
GET /login.html HTTP/1.1
* 请求方式:
* HTTP协议有7中请求方式,常用的有2种
* GET:
1. 请求参数在请求行中,在url后。
2. 请求的url长度有限制的
3. 不太安全
* POST:
1. 请求参数在请求体中
2. 请求的url长度没有限制的
3. 相对安全
2. 请求头:客户端浏览器告诉服务器一些信息
请求头名称: 请求头值
* 常见的请求头:
1. User-Agent:浏览器告诉服务器,我访问你使用的浏览器版本信息
* 可以在服务器端获取该头的信息,解决浏览器的兼容性问题
2. Referer:http://localhost/login.html
* 告诉服务器,我(当前请求)从哪里来?
* 作用:
1. 防盗链:
2. 统计工作:
3. 请求空行
空行,就是用于分割POST请求的请求头,和请求体的。
4. 请求体(正文):
* 封装POST请求消息的请求参数的
* 字符串格式:
POST /login.html HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://localhost/login.html
Connection: keep-alive
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
username=zhangsan
## Request:
1. request对象和response对象的原理
1. request和response对象是由服务器创建的。我们来使用它们
2. request对象是来获取请求消息,response对象是来设置响应消息
2. request对象继承体系结构:
ServletRequest -- 接口
| 继承
HttpServletRequest -- 接口
| 实现
org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade 类(tomcat)
3. request功能:
1. 获取请求消息数据
1. 获取请求行数据
* GET /day14/demo1?name=zhangsan HTTP/1.1
* 方法:
1. 获取请求方式 :GET
* String getMethod()
2. (*)获取虚拟目录:/day14
* String getContextPath()
3. 获取Servlet路径: /demo1
* String getServletPath()
4. 获取get方式请求参数:name=zhangsan
* String getQueryString()
5. (*)获取请求URI:/day14/demo1
* String getRequestURI(): /day14/demo1
* StringBuffer getRequestURL() :http://localhost/day14/demo1
* URL:统一资源定位符 : http://localhost/day14/demo1 中华人民共和国
* URI:统一资源标识符 : /day14/demo1 共和国
6. 获取协议及版本:HTTP/1.1
* String getProtocol()
7. 获取客户机的IP地址:
* String getRemoteAddr()
@WebServlet("/RequestDemo1")
public class RequestDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
/*
1. 获取请求方式 :GET
* String getMethod()
2. (*)获取虚拟目录:/day14
* String getContextPath()
3. 获取Servlet路径: /demo1
* String getServletPath()
4. 获取get方式请求参数:name=zhangsan
* String getQueryString()
5. (*)获取请求URI:/day14/demo1
* String getRequestURI(): /day14/demo1
* StringBuffer getRequestURL() :http://localhost/day14/demo1
* URL:统一资源定位符 : http://localhost/day14/demo1 中华人民共和国
* URI:统一资源标识符 : /day14/demo1 共和国
6. 获取协议及版本:HTTP/1.1
* String getProtocol()
7. 获取客户机的IP地址:
* String getRemoteAddr()
*/
// 1. 获取请求方式 :GET
String method = request.getMethod();
System.out.println(method);
//2. (*)获取虚拟目录:/day14
String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
System.out.println(contextPath);
// 3. 获取Servlet路径: /demo1
String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
System.out.println(servletPath);
//4. 获取get方式请求参数:name=zhangsan
String queryString = request.getQueryString();
System.out.println(queryString);
//5. (*)获取请求URI:/day14/demo1
String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
System.out.println(requestURI);
StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();
System.out.println(requestURL);
//6. 获取协议及版本:HTTP/1.1
String protocol = request.getProtocol();
System.out.println(protocol);
//7. 获取客户机的IP地址:
String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();
System.out.println(remoteAddr);
}
}
2. 获取请求头数据
* 方法:
* (*)String getHeader(String name):通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值
* Enumeration<String> getHeaderNames():获取所有的请求头名称
@WebServlet("/RequestDemo3")
public class RequestDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//演示获取请求头数据:user-agent
String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
//判断agent的浏览器版本
if(agent.contains("Chrom")){
//谷歌
System.out.println("谷歌来了");
}else if (agent.contains("Firefox")){
System.out.println("火狐来了");
}
}
}
@WebServlet("/RequestDemo4")
public class RequestDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//演示获取请求头数据:referer
String referer = request.getHeader("referer");
System.out.println(referer);
//防盗链
if (referer !=null){
if (referer.contains("/day14")){
//正常访问
// System.out.println("播放电影");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
response.getWriter().write("播放电影");
}else {
//盗链
// System.out.println("盗链");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
response.getWriter().write("盗链");
}
}
}
}
3. 获取请求体数据:
* 请求体:只有POST请求方式,才有请求体,在请求体中封装了POST请求的请求参数
* 步骤:
1. 获取流对象
* BufferedReader getReader():获取字符输入流,只能操作字符数据
* ServletInputStream getInputStream():获取字节输入流,可以操作所有类型数据
* 在文件上传知识点后讲解
2. 再从流对象中拿数据
@WebServlet("/requestDemo5")
public class RequestDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取请求消息体
//1.获取字符流
BufferedReader br = request.getReader();
//2.读取数据
String line = null;
while ((line =br.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(line);//username=ssss&password=111
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
}
2. 其他功能:
1. 获取请求参数通用方式:不论get还是post请求方式都可以使用下列方法来获取请求参数
1. String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值 username=zs&password=123
2. String[] getParameterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组 hobby=xx&hobby=game
3. Enumeration<String> getParameterNames():获取所有请求的参数名称
4. Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合
@WebServlet("/requestDemo6")
public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//post获取请求参数
//根据参数名称获取参数值
String parameter = request.getParameter("username");
/* System.out.println("post");
System.out.println(parameter);*/
//根据参数名称获取参数值的数组
String[] hobbies = request.getParameterValues("hobby");
/* for (String hobby : hobbies) {
System.out.println(hobby);
}*/
/*
boolean hasMoreElements()
测试此枚举是否包含更多的元素。
返回: 当且仅当此枚举对象至少还包含一个可提供的元素时,才返回 true;否则返回 false。
nextElement:如果此枚举对象至少还有一个可提供的元素,则返回此枚举的下一个元素。
*/
//获取所有请求的参数名称
Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();
/* while (parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
String name = parameterNames.nextElement();
System.out.println(name);
String value = request.getParameter(name);
System.out.println(value);
System.out.println("--------");
}*/
//获取所有参数的map集合
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
//遍历
Set<String> keyset = parameterMap.keySet();
for (String name : keyset) {
//获取键 获取值
String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
System.out.println(name);
for (String value : values){
System.out.println(value);
}
System.out.println("-------------");
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//get获取请求参数
//根据参数名称获取参数值
/* String parameter = request.getParameter("username");
System.out.println("get");
System.out.println(parameter);*/
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
* 中文乱码问题:
* get方式:tomcat 8 已经将get方式乱码问题解决了
* post方式:会乱码
* 解决:在获取参数前,设置request的编码request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
2. 请求转发:一种在服务器内部的资源跳转方式
1. 步骤:
1. 通过request对象获取请求转发器对象:RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)
2. 使用RequestDispatcher对象来进行转发:forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
2. 特点:
1. 浏览器地址栏路径不发生变化
2. 只能转发到当前服务器内部资源中。
3. 转发是一次请求
@WebServlet("/requestDemo8")
public class RequestDemo8 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("demo88888被访问了");
//转发到demo9
/* RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/requestDemo9");
requestDispatcher.forward(request,response);*/
request.getRequestDispatcher("/requestDemo9").forward(request,response);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
}
3. 共享数据:
* 域对象:一个有作用范围的对象,可以在范围内共享数据
* request域:代表一次请求的范围,一般用于请求转发的多个资源中共享数据
* 方法:
1. void setAttribute(String name,Object obj):存储数据
2. Object getAttitude(String name):通过键获取值
3. void removeAttribute(String name):通过键移除键值对
4. 获取ServletContext:
* ServletContext getServletContext()
## 案例:用户登录
* 用户登录案例需求:
1.编写login.html登录页面
username & password 两个输入框
2.使用Druid数据库连接池技术,操作mysql,day14数据库中user表
3.使用JdbcTemplate技术封装JDBC
4.登录成功跳转到SuccessServlet展示:登录成功!用户名,欢迎您
5.登录失败跳转到FailServlet展示:登录失败,用户名或密码错误
需要的jar包
druid连接池配置文件druid.properties
driverClassName=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql:///day14?useSSL=false
username=root
password=root
initialSize=5
maxActive=10
maxWait=3000
login.xml
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/Day14_test/loginServlet" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"> <br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
</body>
</html>
UserDao
package cn.itcast.dao;
import cn.itcast.domain.User;
import cn.itcast.util.JDBCUtils;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
/*
操作数据库中user表的类
*/
public class UserDao {
// 声明JDBCTemplate对象共用
private JdbcTemplate template = new JdbcTemplate(JDBCUtils.getDataSource());
/**
* 登录方法
* @param loginUser
* @return user包含用户全部数据 ,没有查询到返回null
*/
/*
idea自动生成try/catch代码块的快捷键
选定代码块,快捷键: Ctrl+Alt+T
*/
public User login(User loginUser){
try {
//1.编写sql
String sql = "select * from user where username = ? and password = ?";
//2.调用query方法
User user=template.queryForObject(sql,
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class),
loginUser.getUsername(),loginUser.getPassword());
return user;
} catch (DataAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();//记录日志
return null;
}
}
}
JDBC工具类
package cn.itcast.util;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Properties;
/**
* JDBC工具类 使用Druid连接池
*/
public class JDBCUtils {
private static DataSource ds;
static {
try {
//1.加载配置文件
Properties pro = new Properties();
//使用classLoader加载配置文件,获取字节输入流
InputStream is = JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("druid.properties");
pro.load(is);
//2.初始化连接池对象
ds = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(pro);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 获取连接池对象
*/
public static DataSource getDataSource(){
return ds;
}
/**
* 获取连接Connection对象
*/
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return ds.getConnection();
}
}
User类
package cn.itcast.domain;
/**
* 用户的实体类
*/
public class User {
private int id;
private String username;
private String password;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
LoginServlet
package cn.itcast.web.servlet;
import cn.itcast.dao.UserDao;
import cn.itcast.domain.User;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/loginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request,response);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.设置编码
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//2.获取请求参数
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
//3.封装User对象
User loginUser = new User();
loginUser.setUsername(username);
loginUser.setPassword(password);
//4.调用userDao的login方法
UserDao dao = new UserDao();
User user = dao.login(loginUser);
//5.判断user
if (user == null){
//登录失败
request.getRequestDispatcher("/failServlet").forward(request,response);
}else {
//登录成功
//存储数据
request.setAttribute("user",user);
request.getRequestDispatcher("/successServlet").forward(request,response);
}
}
}
successServlet
package cn.itcast.web.servlet;
import cn.itcast.domain.User;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/successServlet")
public class SuccessServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取共享域中的对象
User user = (User) request.getAttribute("user");
if (user != null){
//给页面写一句话
//1.设置编码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//输出
response.getWriter().write("登录成功!" +user.getUsername()+"欢迎您");
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
failServlet
package cn.itcast.web.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/failServlet")
public class FailServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//给页面写一句话
//1.设置编码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//输出
response.getWriter().write("登录失败。用户名或密码错误");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
userDaoTest
package cn.itcast.test;
import cn.itcast.dao.UserDao;
import cn.itcast.domain.User;
import org.junit.Test;
public class UserDaoTest {
@Test
public void testLogin(){
User loginuser = new User();
loginuser.setUsername("superbaby");
loginuser.setPassword("12311");
UserDao dao = new UserDao();
User user = dao.login(loginuser);
System.out.println(user);
}
}
需要导入工具包
8. login.html中form表单的action路径的写法
* 虚拟目录+Servlet的资源路径
9. BeanUtils工具类,简化数据封装
* 用于封装JavaBean的
1. JavaBean:标准的Java类
1. 要求:
1. 类必须被public修饰
2. 必须提供空参的构造器
3. 成员变量必须使用private修饰
4. 提供公共setter和getter方法
2. 功能:封装数据
2. 概念:
成员变量:
属性:setter和getter方法截取后的产物
例如:getUsername() --> Username--> username
3. 方法:
1. setProperty() 操作的是属性
例如:
/* private String gender;
public void setHehe(String gender){
this.gender = gender;
}
BeanUtils.setProperty(user,"hehe","male");只有这么写才能改变gender的值,用成员变量gender替换属性hehe,setProperty(user,"gender","male"),gender的值不会发生改变*/
3. getProperty()
4. populate(Object obj , Map map):将map集合的键值对信息,封装到对应的JavaBean对象中 (把键当作属性的名称,值是javaBean属性对应的值)
登录实例loginServlet改进
//2.获取所有请求参数
Map<String, String[]> map = request.getParameterMap();
//3.创建User对象
User loginUser = new User();
try {
//3.2 使用beanUtils封装 参数:javabean 和map集合
BeanUtils.populate(loginUser,map);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
public class BeanUtilsTest {
@Test
public void test(){
User user = new User();
try {
BeanUtils.setProperty(user,"hehe","male");
System.out.println(user);
String gender = BeanUtils.getProperty(user, "hehe");
System.out.println(gender);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}