今天老男孩IT教育Python教学导师吴sir带你用Django + Uwsgi + Nginx 实现生产环境部署
1、uwsgi 介绍
2、uwsgi安装使用
3、nginx安装配置
4、django with nginx
如何在生产上部署Django?
Django的部署可以有很多方式,采用nginx+uwsgi的方式是其中比较常见的一种方式。
uwsgi介绍
1、uWSGI是一个Web服务器,它实现了WSGI协议、uwsgi、http等协议。Nginx中HttpUwsgiModule的作用是与uWSGI服务器进行交换。
2、要注意 WSGI / uwsgi / uWSGI 这三个概念的区分。
WSGI是一种Web服务器网关接口。它是一个Web服务器(如nginx,uWSGI等服务器)与web应用(如用Flask框架写的程序)通信的一种规范。
3、uwsgi是一种线路协议而不是通信协议,在此常用于在uWSGI服务器与其他网络服务器的数据通信。
而uWSGI是实现了uwsgi和WSGI两种协议的Web服务器。
4、uwsgi协议是一个uWSGI服务器自有的协议,它用于定义传输信息的类型(type of information),每一个uwsgi packet前4byte为传输信息类型描述,它与WSGI相比是两样东西。
uWSGI的主要特点如下
1、超快的性能
2、低内存占用(实测为apache2的mod_wsgi的一半左右)
3、多app管理(终于不用冥思苦想下个app用哪个端口比较好了-.-)
4、详尽的日志功能(可以用来分析app性能和瓶颈)
5、高度可定制(内存大小限制,服务一定次数后重启等)
总而言之uwgi是个部署用的好东东,正如uWSGI作者所吹嘘的:
If you are searching for a simple wsgi-only server, uWSGI is not for you, but if you are building a real (production-ready) app that need to be rock-solid, fast and easy to distribute/optimize for various load-average, you will pathetically and morbidly fall in love (we hope) with uWSGI.
Uwsgi 安装使用
1
2
3
4
|
# Install the latest stable release:
pip install uwsgi
# ... or if you want to install the latest LTS (long term support) release,
pip install https:
/
/
projects.unbit.it
/
downloads
/
uwsgi
-
lts.tar.gz
|
基本测试
Create a file called test.py
:
1
2
3
4
5
|
# test.py
def
application(env, start_response):
start_response(
'200 OK'
, [(
'Content-Type'
,
'text/html'
)])
return
[b
"Hello World"
]
# python3
#return ["Hello World"] # python2
|
运行
1
|
uwsgi
-
-
http :
8000
-
-
wsgi
-
file
test.py
|
用uwsgi 启动django
1
|
uwsgi
-
-
http :
8000
-
-
module mysite.wsgi
|
可以把参数写到配置文件里
启动
1
|
/
usr
/
local
/
bin
/
uwsgi crazye
-
uwsgi.ini
|
Nginx安装使用
1
2
|
sudo apt
-
get install nginx
sudo
/
etc
/
init.d
/
nginx start
# start nginx
|
为你的项目生成Nginx配置文件
You will need the uwsgi_params
file, which is available in the nginx
directory of the uWSGI distribution, or from https://github.com/nginx/nginx/blob/master/conf/uwsgi_params
Copy it into your project directory. In a moment we will tell nginx to refer to it.
Now create a file called mysite_nginx.conf, and put this in it:
1、# mysite_nginx.conf
2、
3、# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
4、upstream django {
5、 # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
6、 server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
7、}
8、
9、# configuration of the server
10、server {
11、 # the port your site will be served on
12、 listen 8000;
13、 # the domain name it will serve for
14、 server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
15、 charset utf-8;
16、
17、 # max upload size
18、 client_max_body_size 75M; # adjust to taste
19、
20、 # Django media
21、 location /media {
22、 alias /path/to/your/mysite/media; # your Django project's media files -
amend as required
23、 }
24、
25、 location /static {
26 alias /path/to/your/mysite/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
27、 }
28、
29、 # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
30、 location / {
31、 uwsgi_pass django;
32、 include /path/to/your/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
33 }
34 }
This conf file tells nginx to serve up media and static files from the filesystem, as well as handle requests that require Django’s intervention. For a large deployment it is considered good practice to let one server handle static/media files, and another handle Django applications, but for now, this will do just fine.
Symlink to this file from /etc/nginx/sites-enabled so nginx can see it:
此时启动Nginx 和Uwsgi,你的django项目就可以实现高并发啦!
更多精彩请关注:老男孩IT教育python学院