Spring一个类包含多个构造函数且带的参数相同所存在的注入类型问题


在Spring框架中,当一个类包含多个构造函数带的参数相同,它总是会造成构造函数注入参数类型歧义的问题。
看如下一个代码:
public class Student {
    
     private String name ;
     private String address ;
     private int age ;   
     public Student(String name , String address , int age ) {
          super ();
          this . name = name ;
          this . address = address ;
          this . age = age ;
    }
     public Student(String name , int age , String address ) {
          super ();
          this . name = name ;
          this . address = address ;
          this . age = age ;
    }
     public String getName() {
          return name ;
    }
     public void setName(String name ) {
          this . name = name ;
    }
     public String getAddress() {
          return address ;
    }
     public void setAddress(String address ) {
          this . address = address ;
    }
     public int getAge() {
          return age ;
    }
     public void setAge( int age ) {
          this . age = age ;
    }
     @Override
     public String toString() {
          return "Student [name=" + name + ", address=" + address + ", age=" + age + "]" ;
    }
}
在Spring bean的配置文件中,name为jack,adderss为123456,age为12:
< beans
     xmlns = " http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" ;
     xmlns:xsi = " http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" ;
     xmlns:p = " http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" ;
     xsi:schemaLocation = " http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd" ; >
    
     < bean id = "StudentBean" class = "com.yiibai.dao.Student" >
         < constructor-arg >< value > jack value > constructor-arg >
         < constructor-arg >< value > 123456 value > constructor-arg >
         < constructor-arg >< value > 12 value > constructor-arg >
         
     bean >
beans >
执行如下代码:
public static void main(String[] args ) {
         ApplicationContext context =
              new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "applicationContext.xml" );
         Student student = (Student) context .getBean( "StudentBean" );    
         System. out .println( student );
    }
我们期望的输出结果为:
Student [name=jack, address=123456, age=12]
实际的输出结果为:
Student [name=jack, address=12, age=123456]
我们期望的是它调用第一个构造函数来注入属性的,但实际上调用的是第二个构造函数, 在Spring参数类型'123456' 能够转换成int,所以Spring只是转换它,并采用第二个构造来执行,即使你认为它应该是一个字符串。 这样就造成了属性注入问题。
为了解决这个问题,应该为构造函数指定确切的数据类型,Spring bean的配置文件应该修改为如下形式:
< beans
     xmlns = " http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" ;
     xmlns:xsi = " http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" ;
     xmlns:p = " http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" ;
     xsi:schemaLocation = " http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd" ; >
    
     < bean id = "StudentBean" class = "com.yiibai.dao.Student" >
          < constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" >< value > jack value > constructor-arg >
          < constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" >< value > 123456 value > constructor-arg >
          < constructor-arg type = "int" >< value > 12 value > constructor-arg >
         
     bean >
beans >
输出结果为:
Student [name=jack, address=123456, age=12]
因此,为了解决这个问题可以为构造函数指定确切的数据类型,但是这样做其实还是很麻烦,所以,个人建议属性注入可以使用setter方法。

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