SQL Server 数据库初始化准备脚本

通常我们在项目部署前都会写一份数据库初始化脚本。由于数据库外键的限制,我们需要按照数据引用顺序添加初始记录,这个整理过程相当麻烦。

因此写了以下脚本,原理是先去掉所有外键,然后执行一次清空,然后添加数据,最后恢复外键。

网上也有暂时禁用外键添加数据的方法,但由于SQL Server在有外键的情况下,不能使用TRUNCATE TABLE语句,因此暂时禁用外键时,只能使用DELETE语句清除无用数据。如果觉得删除外键不安全,也可以考虑将以下脚本修改为禁用外键的方式运行。

脚本在 SQL Server 2005、SQL Server 2008 R2、SQL Server 2012 上测试过,都没有问题。

 1 SET NOCOUNT ON;

 2 

 3 DECLARE @script NVARCHAR(255);

 4 

 5 --缓存所有外键

 6 SELECT OBJECT_NAME(fk.constraint_object_id) AS name, OBJECT_NAME(fk.parent_object_id) AS ptab, pc.name AS pcol, OBJECT_NAME(fk.referenced_object_id) AS rtab, rc.name AS rcol

 7 INTO #FK_ON

 8 FROM sys.foreign_key_columns fk

 9 LEFT JOIN sys.columns pc ON fk.parent_column_id = pc.column_id AND fk.parent_object_id = pc.[object_id]

10 LEFT JOIN sys.columns rc ON fk.referenced_column_id = rc.column_id AND fk.referenced_object_id = rc.[object_id];

11 

12 BEGIN TRAN

13 

14 --删除所有外键

15 DECLARE cur_fk_off CURSOR FOR SELECT 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[' + OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) + '] DROP CONSTRAINT ' + name FROM sys.foreign_keys;

16 OPEN cur_fk_off

17 FETCH NEXT FROM cur_fk_off INTO @script

18 WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0

19 BEGIN

20     EXEC(@script)

21     FETCH NEXT FROM cur_fk_off INTO @script

22 END

23 CLOSE cur_fk_off

24 DEALLOCATE cur_fk_off

25 

26 --清空所有表

27 DECLARE cur_tabs CURSOR FOR SELECT 'TRUNCATE TABLE [dbo].[' + name + ']' FROM sys.tables;

28 OPEN cur_tabs

29 FETCH NEXT FROM cur_tabs INTO @script

30 WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0

31 BEGIN

32     EXEC(@script)

33     FETCH NEXT FROM cur_tabs INTO @script

34 END

35 CLOSE cur_tabs

36 DEALLOCATE cur_tabs

37 

38 --写入初始化数据

39 --INSERT INTO ...

40 

41 --重建所有外键

42 DECLARE cur_fk_on CURSOR FOR SELECT 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[' + ptab + '] ADD CONSTRAINT ' + name + ' FOREIGN KEY ([' + pcol + ']) REFERENCES [dbo].[' + rtab + '] ([' + rcol + '])' FROM #FK_ON;

43 OPEN cur_fk_on

44 FETCH NEXT FROM cur_fk_on INTO @script

45 WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0

46 BEGIN

47     EXEC(@script)

48     FETCH NEXT FROM cur_fk_on INTO @script

49 END

50 CLOSE cur_fk_on

51 DEALLOCATE cur_fk_on

52 

53 --清除缓存

54 DROP TABLE #FK_ON

55 

56 COMMIT TRAN

57 GO

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