ORA-12899: 列 XX 的值太大 (实际值: 521, 最大值:512）

hibernate保存数据到oracle数据库时，报如下错误：

20:25:56,593  WARN JDBCExceptionReporter:100 - SQL Error: 12899, SQLState: 72000
20:25:56,593 ERROR JDBCExceptionReporter:101 - ORA-12899: 列 "ITS"."VIO_BUSINESS_RESPONSE_I"."RESPONSE" 的值太大 (实际值: 521, 最大值: 512)

20:25:56,593  WARN JDBCExceptionReporter:100 - SQL Error: 12899, SQLState: 72000
20:25:56,593 ERROR JDBCExceptionReporter:101 - ORA-12899: 列 "ITS"."VIO_BUSINESS_RESPONSE_I"."RESPONSE" 的值太大 (实际值: 521, 最大值: 512)

20:25:56,593 ERROR AbstractFlushingEventListener:324 - Could not synchronize database state with session
org.hibernate.QueryTimeoutException: Could not execute JDBC batch update
	at org.hibernate.exception.SQLStateConverter.convert(SQLStateConverter.java:124)
	at org.hibernate.exception.JDBCExceptionHelper.convert(JDBCExceptionHelper.java:66)
	at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.executeBatch(AbstractBatcher.java:275)
	at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:262)
	at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:178)
	at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractFlushingEventListener.performExecutions(AbstractFlushingEventListener.java:321)
	at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultFlushEventListener.onFlush(DefaultFlushEventListener.java:51)
	at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.flush(SessionImpl.java:1206)
	at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.managedFlush(SessionImpl.java:375)
	at org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransaction.commit(JDBCTransaction.java:137)
	at org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager.doCommit(HibernateTransactionManager.java:656)
	at org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.processCommit(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:754)
	at org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.commit(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:723)
	at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.commitTransactionAfterReturning(TransactionAspectSupport.java:393)
	at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:120)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:172)
	at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.ExposeInvocationInterceptor.invoke(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.java:90)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:172)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:202)
	at $Proxy45.queryObjectOut(Unknown Source)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
	at org.apache.cxf.service.invoker.AbstractInvoker.performInvocation(AbstractInvoker.java:180)
	at org.apache.cxf.service.invoker.AbstractInvoker.invoke(AbstractInvoker.java:96)
	at org.apache.cxf.jaxws.AbstractJAXWSMethodInvoker.invoke(AbstractJAXWSMethodInvoker.java:178)
	at org.apache.cxf.jaxws.JAXWSMethodInvoker.invoke(JAXWSMethodInvoker.java:68)
	at org.apache.cxf.service.invoker.AbstractInvoker.invoke(AbstractInvoker.java:75)
	at org.apache.cxf.interceptor.ServiceInvokerInterceptor$1.run(ServiceInvokerInterceptor.java:58)
	at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:441)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:303)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:138)
	at org.apache.cxf.workqueue.SynchronousExecutor.execute(SynchronousExecutor.java:37)
	at org.apache.cxf.interceptor.ServiceInvokerInterceptor.handleMessage(ServiceInvokerInterceptor.java:107)
	at org.apache.cxf.phase.PhaseInterceptorChain.doIntercept(PhaseInterceptorChain.java:272)
	at org.apache.cxf.transport.ChainInitiationObserver.onMessage(ChainInitiationObserver.java:121)
	at org.apache.cxf.transport.http.AbstractHTTPDestination.invoke(AbstractHTTPDestination.java:239)
	at org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.ServletController.invokeDestination(ServletController.java:248)
	at org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.ServletController.invoke(ServletController.java:222)
	at org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.ServletController.invoke(ServletController.java:153)
	at org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.CXFNonSpringServlet.invoke(CXFNonSpringServlet.java:167)
	at org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.AbstractHTTPServlet.handleRequest(AbstractHTTPServlet.java:286)
	at org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.AbstractHTTPServlet.doPost(AbstractHTTPServlet.java:206)
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:637)
	at org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.AbstractHTTPServlet.service(AbstractHTTPServlet.java:262)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:233)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:191)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:127)
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:102)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109)
	at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:298)
	at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:857)
	at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:588)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:489)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
Caused by: java.sql.BatchUpdateException: ORA-12899: 列 "ITS"."VIO_BUSINESS_RESPONSE_I"."RESPONSE" 的值太大 (实际值: 521, 最大值: 512)

	at oracle.jdbc.driver.DatabaseError.throwBatchUpdateException(DatabaseError.java:343)
	at oracle.jdbc.driver.OraclePreparedStatement.executeBatch(OraclePreparedStatement.java:10656)
	at com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.NewProxyPreparedStatement.executeBatch(NewProxyPreparedStatement.java:1723)
	at org.hibernate.jdbc.BatchingBatcher.doExecuteBatch(BatchingBatcher.java:70)
	at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.executeBatch(AbstractBatcher.java:268)
	... 55 more

疑问：明明对将要插入的字符串做了subString(0,512)，为什么说实际值为521,？

解答：这是因为要插入的字符串含有中文，中文在subString时是占据一个位置，但在数据库中不止一个位置。

解决：1、对插入的字符串尽量截取少点，如subString(0, 400)

          2、对插入的字符串编码先编码处理再截取，如Urlencoder.encode(str, "utf-8")，这样subString(0,512)是对的