注:本篇文章为个人记录使用,只为后期方便知识点快速查阅到,如有不对请及时告知更正
sendMessageDelayed延时处理消息
sendMessageDelayed方法在Handler内部用的地方很多,比如:sendMessage、sendEmptyMessageDelayed、post、postDelayed方法最后都是调用的 sendMessageDelayed方法作为处理的。全部方法体如下:
public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis) {
if (delayMillis < 0) {
delayMillis = 0;
}
return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
}
注意红框标注部分:这里先获取到当前时间的long值,并将long值同给定的延时时长进行相加,生成一个新的时间点long值。
如何实现延时的
是通过线程堵塞实现延时的(个人感觉其实是实现线程休眠),当Message需要延时时,Looper拿到消息不做处理,进行睡眠(也就是实现自我堵塞),直到时间到了或者由新的Message进入队列了。这里的线程堵塞其实是使用到了 Linux系统里面epoll机制,也就是IO多路复用机制。这个比较高深没研究那么深
阻塞后会不会影响新添加的Message呢
答案当然是: 不会影响新添加的Message 又被问到为什么呢 (这里就得看下面的代码了),最总总结就是,当添加新的Message时会执行唤起Looper操作,这时looper取出头部的Message(A)一判断还没有到执行时间,执行堵塞操作,在取出Message(B)需要立即操作的,将B 设置到A的前面,执行Message。
代码追踪
由源码可见 sendMessageDelayed -> **sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) ** -> enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) -> queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis)
A.**sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) **
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
if (queue == null) {
RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
return false;
}
return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
}
B.**enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) **
private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
//主要这句代码 将Handler本身复制给 Message的 target字段
msg.target = this;
if (mAsynchronous) {
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}
//这句代码才是核心
return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}
将Message插入到MessageQueue中
boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {
...//代码较多,省去了部分抛出异常的代码
synchronized (this) {
...
msg.markInUse();
msg.when = when;
Message p = mMessages;
boolean needWake;
//这里的 p 是当前MessageQueue队首Message
//这个判断是 问题 2 的实现部分, 当 头Message为 null || 给定的时间戳 == 0 || 给定的时间戳 小于 头部Message的时间戳
if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
// 如果头部Message处于阻塞状态 将头部设置到当前Message后面
msg.next = p;
mMessages = msg;
needWake = mBlocked;
} else {
// Inserted within the middle of the queue. Usually we don't have to wake
// up the event queue unless there is a barrier at the head of the queue
// and the message is the earliest asynchronous message in the queue.
needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();
Message prev;
for (;;) {
prev = p;
p = p.next;
if (p == null || when < p.when) {
break;
}
if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {
needWake = false;
}
}
msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next
prev.next = msg;
}
//最终是否唤醒
if (needWake) {
nativeWake(mPtr);
}
}
return true;
}
在后面next()方法内部,如果有阻塞(没有消息了或者只有Delay的消息),会把mBlocked这个变量标记为true(下面会说明next方法),在下一个Message进队时会判断这个message的位置,如果在队首并且时间满足条件,会调用nativeWake()方法唤醒线程!
Looper 取出消息
Looper内循环读取Message,looper的loop方法:
for (;;) {
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
}
Queue.next方法可能被阻塞,所以最终调用还是queue的next方法。
Message next() {
final long ptr = mPtr;
if (ptr == 0) {
return null;
}
int pendingIdleHandlerCount = -1; // -1 only during first iteration
int nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
for (;;) {
if (nextPollTimeoutMillis != 0) {
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
}
nativePollOnce(ptr, nextPollTimeoutMillis);
synchronized (this) {
// Try to retrieve the next message. Return if found.
final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
Message prevMsg = null;
Message msg = mMessages;
if (msg != null && msg.target == null) {
// Stalled by a barrier. Find the next asynchronous message in the queue.
do {
prevMsg = msg;
msg = msg.next;
} while (msg != null && !msg.isAsynchronous());
}
if (msg != null) {
if (now < msg.when) {
// Next message is not ready. Set a timeout to wake up when it is ready.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = (int) Math.min(msg.when - now, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
} else {
// Got a message.
mBlocked = false;
if (prevMsg != null) {
prevMsg.next = msg.next;
} else {
mMessages = msg.next;
}
msg.next = null;
if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Returning message: " + msg);
msg.markInUse();
return msg;
}
} else {
// No more messages.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = -1;
}
// Process the quit message now that all pending messages have been handled.
if (mQuitting) {
dispose();
return null;
}
// If first time idle, then get the number of idlers to run.
// Idle handles only run if the queue is empty or if the first message
// in the queue (possibly a barrier) is due to be handled in the future.
if (pendingIdleHandlerCount < 0
&& (mMessages == null || now < mMessages.when)) {
pendingIdleHandlerCount = mIdleHandlers.size();
}
if (pendingIdleHandlerCount <= 0) {
// No idle handlers to run. Loop and wait some more.
mBlocked = true;
continue;
}
if (mPendingIdleHandlers == null) {
mPendingIdleHandlers = new IdleHandler[Math.max(pendingIdleHandlerCount, 4)];
}
mPendingIdleHandlers = mIdleHandlers.toArray(mPendingIdleHandlers);
}
// Run the idle handlers.
// We only ever reach this code block during the first iteration.
for (int i = 0; i < pendingIdleHandlerCount; i++) {
final IdleHandler idler = mPendingIdleHandlers[i];
mPendingIdleHandlers[i] = null; // release the reference to the handler
boolean keep = false;
try {
keep = idler.queueIdle();
} catch (Throwable t) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "IdleHandler threw exception", t);
}
if (!keep) {
synchronized (this) {
mIdleHandlers.remove(idler);
}
}
}
// Reset the idle handler count to 0 so we do not run them again.
pendingIdleHandlerCount = 0;
// While calling an idle handler, a new message could have been delivered
// so go back and look again for a pending message without waiting.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
}
}
取出消息,如果Message不满足执行条件,时间没到now < msg.when,计算下一个延迟 nextPollTimeoutMillis = (int) Math.min(msg.when - now, Integer.MAX_VALUE),继续阻塞;在循环开始的时候判断如果这个Message有延迟,就调用nativePollOnce(ptr, nextPollTimeoutMillis)进行阻塞,如果时间到了直接分发消息进行调用。
由于执行delay消息会阻塞,那么如果发送多个delay消息,是不是前一个消息阻塞执行完了,才会执行后一个,现实使用中肯定不是这样的。上面已经说了在enqueueMessage方法中,加入新的消息时会首先判断需不需要唤醒线程,这样线程就不会一直阻塞(加入新的消息,唤醒线程,就不需要等待上一个阻塞的消息)。
delay消息会一直阻塞线程,直到延迟走完,或者下一个消息到来。
Handler延迟消息执行机制,会阻塞吗?
Handler进阶之sendMessage原理探索