DS-虚隧道之shortcut模式(Huawei设备)

文章目录

  • DS-虚隧道之shortcut模式(Huawei设备)
  • 写在前面
  • 参考阅读
  • 实验环境
    • 实验拓扑
    • 分析
    • 配置部署
    • 验证测试
      • Normal模式(默认)
      • Shortcut模式(需配置)

DS-虚隧道之shortcut模式(Huawei设备)

写在前面

为什么会有DS-虚隧道?

  • DS-虚隧道是华为的动态智能的虚拟专用网络,即分之间的通信可以直接进行通信,无需绕行总部

  • 基于MGRE,即多点GRE

华为的DS-虚隧道

  • Normal方式:spoke间的通信,第一步要绕行总部,第二部是不绕行总部的;

    核心逻辑是解析下一跳,即根据下一跳是隧道地址解析为公网地址;先查路由表再查映射表

  • Shortcut方式:spoke间的通信,第一次绕行总部时,总部觉得你直接去就行,不用通过我绕行,且spoke间的通信属于同一个网段,所以总部发送一个重定向;不同之处在于shortcut映射的是公网地址

    核心是解析目的地址(私网地址);可以做到跨多层级的直通;

    与Normal区别:存在私网地址与公网地址的映射,查找简单,速度快

参考阅读

一篇文章带你看清《OSPF网络类型》的真面目

MGRE ISP是路由器(思科设备)

实验环境

实验拓扑

DS-虚隧道之shortcut模式(Huawei设备)_第1张图片

分析

需求:spoke间建立隧道,进行分支间的通信,且不能绕行总部

将隧道部署在OSPF的NBMA环境下,分支间的通信将不会绕行总部,但是P2MP肯定会绕行总部;那么就使用DS-虚隧道的shortcut模式,即无论何种网络类型下,分支间的通信都不会绕行总部

配置部署

1、公网要通,即ISP间要全网可达

解决:在hub与spoke上配置默认路由,下一跳为连接R2的链路地址

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 12.1.1.2
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 23.1.1.1
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 24.1.1.1

2、创建tunnel,进行nhrp的配置;由于MA网络要进行DR/BDR的选举,所以要在spoke上关闭DR的选举,即将优先级配置为0

hub

[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]di th
[V200R003C00]
#
interface Tunnel0/0/0
 ip address 100.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 
 tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
 source GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ospf network-type broadcast
 nhrp entry multicast dynamic
 nhrp network-id 100
#
return

spoke1

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]di th
[V200R003C00]
#
interface Tunnel0/0/0
 ip address 100.1.1.3 255.255.255.0 
 tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
 source GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ospf network-type broadcast
 ospf dr-priority 0
 nhrp network-id 100
 nhrp entry 100.1.1.1 12.1.1.1 register
#
return

spoke2

[R4-Tunnel0/0/0]di th
[V200R003C00]
#
interface Tunnel0/0/0
 ip address 100.1.1.4 255.255.255.0 
 tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
 source GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ospf network-type broadcast
 ospf dr-priority 0
 nhrp network-id 100
 nhrp entry 100.1.1.1 12.1.1.1 register
#
return

3、将私网路由、隧道路由宣告在OSPF中

hub

[R1-ospf-1]di th
[V200R003C00]
#
ospf 1 
 area 0.0.0.0 
  network 100.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 
  network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 
#
return

spoke1

[R3-ospf-1]di th
[V200R003C00]
#
ospf 1 
 area 0.0.0.0 
  network 100.1.1.3 0.0.0.0 
  network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 
#
return

spoke2

[R4-ospf-1]di th
[V200R003C00]
#
ospf 1 
 area 0.0.0.0 
  network 100.1.1.4 0.0.0.0 
  network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 
#
return

验证测试

Normal模式(默认)

  • 测试公网连通性
[R1]tracert -a 12.1.1.1 23.1.1.2
 traceroute to  23.1.1.2(23.1.1.2), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CTRL_C to break 
 1 12.1.1.2 30 ms  20 ms  20 ms 
 2 23.1.1.2 40 ms  30 ms  20 ms

DS-虚隧道之shortcut模式(Huawei设备)_第2张图片

  • 测试隧道连通性,抓包可见,由于套上了一层GRE的封装,外表看上去是公网的通信,其实是隧道的通信
[R1]ping -a 100.1.1.1 100.1.1.3   
  PING 100.1.1.3: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 100.1.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 100.1.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 100.1.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 100.1.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=40 ms
    Reply from 100.1.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=30 ms

  --- 100.1.1.3 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 30/32/40 ms

DS-虚隧道之shortcut模式(Huawei设备)_第3张图片

  • 测试私网的连通信,以及是否绕行总部
[R3]ping -a 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4
  PING 192.168.1.4: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 192.168.1.4: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.4: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=40 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.4: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.4: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=40 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.4: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=40 ms

  --- 192.168.1.4 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 30/36/40 ms

[R3]tracert -a 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4
 traceroute to  192.168.1.4(192.168.1.4), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CTRL_C to break 
 1 100.1.1.4 30 ms  30 ms  30 ms

抓包可以明显的看出,外表看上去是公网的通信,而其实是私网路由通过隧道进行通信的

DS-虚隧道之shortcut模式(Huawei设备)_第4张图片

此NBMA环境下分支间通信会先去总部进行注册,之后的分支间通信将不会绕行总部,即Normal模式下的核心逻辑是解析下一跳,即根据下一跳是隧道地址解析为公网地址;先查路由表再查映射表

[R3]dis nhrp peer all              
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Protocol-addr   Mask  NBMA-addr       NextHop-addr    Type         Flag         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
100.1.1.1       32    12.1.1.1        100.1.1.1       static       hub          
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Tunnel interface: Tunnel0/0/0
Created time    : 01:48:06
Expire time     : --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Protocol-addr   Mask  NBMA-addr       NextHop-addr    Type         Flag         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
100.1.1.4       32    24.1.1.2        100.1.1.4       dynamic      route tunnel 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Tunnel interface: Tunnel0/0/0
Created time    : 00:00:03
Expire time     : 01:59:57
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Protocol-addr   Mask  NBMA-addr       NextHop-addr    Type         Flag         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
100.1.1.3       32    23.1.1.2        100.1.1.3       dynamic      local        
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Tunnel interface: Tunnel0/0/0
Created time    : 00:00:03
Expire time     : 01:59:57
                                          
Number of nhrp peers: 3

[R4]dis nhrp peer all
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Protocol-addr   Mask  NBMA-addr       NextHop-addr    Type         Flag         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
100.1.1.1       32    12.1.1.1        100.1.1.1       static       hub          
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Tunnel interface: Tunnel0/0/0
Created time    : 01:50:05
Expire time     : --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Protocol-addr   Mask  NBMA-addr       NextHop-addr    Type         Flag         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
100.1.1.3       32    23.1.1.2        100.1.1.3       dynamic      route tunnel 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Tunnel interface: Tunnel0/0/0
Created time    : 00:03:00
Expire time     : 01:57:00
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Protocol-addr   Mask  NBMA-addr       NextHop-addr    Type         Flag         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
100.1.1.4       32    24.1.1.2        100.1.1.4       dynamic      local        
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Tunnel interface: Tunnel0/0/0
Created time    : 00:03:00
Expire time     : 01:57:00
                                          
Number of nhrp peers: 3

以上这种是OSPF的NBMA网络类型,其发送的是伪广播,所以肯定不用绕行总部,如下为此环境下的拓扑

什么是伪广播呢?还请查看本篇开头的参考阅读

DS-虚隧道之shortcut模式(Huawei设备)_第5张图片

下面开始使用OSPF的P2MP类型

hub

[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp

spoke

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
[R4-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp

此时,分支间的私网通信,肯定绕行的是总部,因为P2MP的网络拓扑决定了的,如下

DS-虚隧道之shortcut模式(Huawei设备)_第6张图片

路由追踪

[R3]tracert -a 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4
 traceroute to  192.168.1.4(192.168.1.4), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CTRL_C to break 
 1 100.1.1.1 30 ms  30 ms  20 ms 
 2 100.1.1.4 50 ms  30 ms  50 ms 

在这种环境下,由于分支只能看到总部,所以nhrp的映射表只有总部的隧道地址与总部的公网地址的映射关系

[R3]dis nhrp peer all              
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Protocol-addr   Mask  NBMA-addr       NextHop-addr    Type         Flag         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
100.1.1.1       32    12.1.1.1        100.1.1.1       static       hub          
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Tunnel interface: Tunnel0/0/0
Created time    : 01:41:20
Expire time     : --

Number of nhrp peers: 1

[R4]dis nhrp peer all
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Protocol-addr   Mask  NBMA-addr       NextHop-addr    Type         Flag         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
100.1.1.1       32    12.1.1.1        100.1.1.1       static       hub          
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Tunnel interface: Tunnel0/0/0
Created time    : 01:41:49
Expire time     : --

Number of nhrp peers: 1

Shortcut模式(需配置)

hub配置nhrp的重定向;spoke配置nhrp的shortcut

[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp redirect

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp shortcut 
[R4-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp shortcut 

测试:

[R3]ping -a 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4   
  PING 192.168.1.4: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 192.168.1.4: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=50 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.4: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.4: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.4: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 192.168.1.4: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=30 ms

  --- 192.168.1.4 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 20/32/50 ms

[R3]tracert -a 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4
 traceroute to  192.168.1.4(192.168.1.4), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CTRL_C to break 
 1 100.1.1.4 40 ms  20 ms  20 ms 

可见,分支间的通信并没有绕行总部;

查看nhrp映射表,可以明显的看出来,spoke间的通信,第一次绕行总部时,总部觉得你直接去就行,不用通过我绕行,且spoke间的通信属于同一个网段,所以总部发送一个重定向;不同之处在于shortcut映射的是公网地址

核心是解析目的地址(私网地址);可以做到跨多层级的直通;

与Normal区别:存在私网地址与公网地址的映射,查找简单,速度快

DS-虚隧道之shortcut模式(Huawei设备)_第7张图片


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