Oracle外键(Foreign Key)用法详解(一)
演示如何在Oracle数据库中使用外键
1)在Oracle数据库中,外键是用来实现参照完整性的方法之一。打个形象的比喻,外键是指定义外键的表的列的值必须在另一个表中出现。
2)被参照的表称之为父表(parent table),创建外键的表称之为子表(child table)。子表中的外键关联了父表中的主键。
3)外键可以在创建表时定义或者通过ALTER TABLE语句创建。
语法:
CREATE TABLE table_name
(
column1 datatype null/not null,
column2 datatype null/not null,
...
CONSTRAINT fk_column FOREIGN KEY (column1,column2,... column_n) REFERENCES parent_table (column1,column2,...column_n)
);
create table tb_supplier
(
supplier_id number not null,
supplier_name varchar2(50) not null,
contact_name varchar2(50),
CONSTRAINT pk_supplier PRIMARY KEY (supplier_id)
);
create table tb_products
(
product_id number not null,
product_name varchar2(100),
supplier_id number not null,
constraint fk_products_supplier foreign key (supplier_id) references tb_supplier(supplier_id)
);
drop table TB_PRODUCTS;
drop table TB_SUPPLIER;
create table tb_supplier
(
supplier_id number not null,
supplier_name varchar2(50) not null,
contact_name varchar2(50),
CONSTRAINT pk_supplier PRIMARY KEY (supplier_id,supplier_name)
);
create table tb_products
(
product_id number not null,
product_name varchar2(100),
supplier_name varchar2(50),
supplier_id number not null,
constraint fk_products_supplier foreign key (supplier_id,supplier_name) references tb_supplier(supplier_id,supplier_name)
);
语法:
ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name
FOREIGN KEY (column1, column2,...column_n)
REFERENCES parent_table (column1,column2,...column_n);
示例:
drop table TB_PRODUCTS;
drop table TB_SUPPLIER;
create table tb_supplier
(
supplier_id number not null,
supplier_name varchar2(50) not null,
contact_name varchar2(50),
CONSTRAINT pk_supplier PRIMARY KEY (supplier_id,supplier_name)
);
create table tb_products
(
product_id number not null,
product_name varchar2(100),
supplier_name varchar2(50),
supplier_id number not null
);
--使用alter table创建外键
alter table tb_products
add constraint fk_products_supplier
foreign key (supplier_id,supplier_name)
references tb_supplier(supplier_id,supplier_name);
如果您们在尝试的过程中遇到什么问题或者我的代码有错误的地方,请给予指正,非常感谢!
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