BeanFactory not initialized or already closed - call 'refresh' before accessing beans via the ...

搭建SSM项目过程，在tomcat启动时报错，报错信息：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: BeanFactory not initialized or already closed - call 'refresh' before accessing beans via the ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.getBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:172)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.destroyBeans(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1071)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.doClose(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1045)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.close(AbstractApplicationContext.java:993)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.closeWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:548)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextDestroyed(ContextLoaderListener.java:142)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStop(StandardContext.java:5050)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.stopInternal(StandardContext.java:5712)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:232)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:160)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:652)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor(HostConfig.java:677)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDescriptor.run(HostConfig.java:1912)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)

at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

web.xml配置文件：

xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" 
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" 
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> 
  SSM
  
   

 
 
  characterEncoding
  org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter
 
  encoding
  UTF-8
 
 
 
  characterEncoding
  /*
 
  
 
 
  contextConfigLocation
  applicationContext.xml
 
 
  org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
 
  
 
 
  struts2
  org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter
 
 
 
  struts2
  /*
 
  
 
   log4jConfigLocation
   /WEB-INF/log4j.properties
 



 
org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener
 

  
 
    index.jsp
 
  

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根据报错信息翻译过来：在类工厂未被实例化或已被关闭-- 在通过applicationcontent进入beans之前刷新（个人自行翻译，理解为主） 推断应该是spring文件读取的问题，首先检查配置路径：

项目的一些信息

 解决：

 
 
  contextConfigLocation
  classpath:applicationContext.xml
 
 
  org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener

 

路径前：添加classpath

ps.classpath 与classpath*：区别:

https://www.cnblogs.com/Ant-soldier/p/5474085.html