java的线程池有很多种,最便捷的就是Executors创建线程池,直接指定线程池大小就可以使用了,比如Executors.newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads)
,但是便捷不仅隐藏了复杂性,也为我们埋下了潜在的隐患(OOM,线程耗尽)。
方法名 | 功能 |
---|---|
newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) | 创建固定大小的线程池 |
newSingleThreadExecutor() | 创建只有一个线程的线程池 |
newCachedThreadPool() | 创建一个不限线程数上限的线程池,任何提交的任务都将立即执行 |
当然了,小程序使用这些快捷方法没什么问题,对于服务端需要长期运行的程序,创建线程池应该直接使用ThreadPoolExecutor
的构造方法。没错,上述Executors
方法创建的线程池就是ThreadPoolExecutor
。
/**
* 线程池初始化方法
*
* corePoolSize 核心线程池大小----10
* maximumPoolSize 最大线程池大小----30
* keepAliveTime 线程池中超过corePoolSize数目的空闲线程最大存活时间----30+单位TimeUnit
* TimeUnit keepAliveTime时间单位----TimeUnit.MINUTES
* workQueue 阻塞队列----new ArrayBlockingQueue(10)====10容量的阻塞队列
* threadFactory 新建线程工厂----new CustomThreadFactory()====定制的线程工厂
* rejectedExecutionHandler 当提交任务数超过maxmumPoolSize+workQueue之和时,
* 即当提交第41个任务时(前面线程都没有执行完,此测试方法中用sleep(100)),
* 任务会交给RejectedExecutionHandler来处理
*/
ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(10, 30, 30,
TimeUnit.MINUTES, new ArrayBlockingQueue(10), new CustomThreadFactory(), new CustomRejectedExecutionHandler());
可以向线程池提交的任务有两种:Runnable
和Callable
,二者的区别如下:
void Runnable.run()
, V Callable.call() throws Exception
Callable
允许有返回值Callable
允许抛出异常。Callable
是JDK1.5时加入的接口,作为Runnable
的一种补充,允许有返回值,允许抛出异常。
所以,创建好线程后,然后线程池submit就可以了
这里我们定制属于自己的非阻塞线程池
package demo3;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
/**
* 定制属于自己的非阻塞线程池
*/
public class CustomThreadPoolExecutor {
private ThreadPoolExecutor pool = null;
/**
* 线程池初始化方法
*
* corePoolSize 核心线程池大小----10
* maximumPoolSize 最大线程池大小----30
* keepAliveTime 线程池中超过corePoolSize数目的空闲线程最大存活时间----30+单位TimeUnit
* TimeUnit keepAliveTime时间单位----TimeUnit.MINUTES
* workQueue 阻塞队列----new ArrayBlockingQueue(10)====10容量的阻塞队列
* threadFactory 新建线程工厂----new CustomThreadFactory()====定制的线程工厂
* rejectedExecutionHandler 当提交任务数超过maxmumPoolSize+workQueue之和时,
* 即当提交第41个任务时(前面线程都没有执行完,此测试方法中用sleep(100)),
* 任务会交给RejectedExecutionHandler来处理
*/
public void init() {
pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(10, 30, 30,
TimeUnit.MINUTES, new ArrayBlockingQueue(10), new CustomThreadFactory(), new CustomRejectedExecutionHandler());
}
public void destory() {
if (pool != null) {
pool.shutdownNow();
}
}
public ExecutorService getCustomThreadPoolExecutor() {
return this.pool;
}
private class CustomRejectedExecutionHandler implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
@Override
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor) {
//记录异常
System.out.println("error...................");
}
}
private class CustomThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
private AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
Thread t = new Thread(r);
String threadName = CustomThreadPoolExecutor.class.getSimpleName() + count.addAndGet(1);
System.out.println(threadName);
t.setName(threadName);
return t;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
CustomThreadPoolExecutor exec = new CustomThreadPoolExecutor();
//1. 初始化
exec.init();
ExecutorService pool = exec.getCustomThreadPoolExecutor();
for (int i = 1; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println("提交第" + i + "个任务");
int finalI = i;
pool.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(">>>task is running========" + finalI);
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
}
这种是并发式的线程,添加进去的线程会同步执行,如果要实现一个个执行线程,就要定制属于自己的阻塞线程池
阻塞式的线程池核心是一个队列,当然了,普通线程也是一个队列,但是我们将添加的方式有offer转变为out,线程就只能一个一个执行了,
package demo3;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
/**
* @Author:Zach
* @Description: 定制属于自己的阻塞线程池
* @Date:Created in 15:26 2018/8/14
* @Modified By:
*/
public class CustomUnblockThreadPoolExecutor {
private ThreadPoolExecutor pool = null;
/**
* 线程池初始化方法
*
* corePoolSize 核心线程池大小----1
* maximumPoolSize 最大线程池大小----3
* keepAliveTime 线程池中超过corePoolSize数目的空闲线程最大存活时间----30+单位TimeUnit
* TimeUnit keepAliveTime时间单位----TimeUnit.MINUTES
* workQueue 阻塞队列----new ArrayBlockingQueue(5)==== 5容量的阻塞队列
* threadFactory 新建线程工厂----new CustomThreadFactory()====定制的线程工厂
* rejectedExecutionHandler 当提交任务数超过maxmumPoolSize+workQueue之和时,
* 即当提交第9个任务时(前面线程都没有执行完,此测试方法中用sleep(100)),
* 任务会交给RejectedExecutionHandler来处理
*/
public void init() {
pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 3, 30,
TimeUnit.MINUTES, new ArrayBlockingQueue(5), new CustomThreadFactory(), new CustomRejectedExecutionHandler());
}
public void destory() {
if (pool != null) {
pool.shutdownNow();
}
}
public ExecutorService getCustomThreadPoolExecutor() {
return this.pool;
}
private class CustomRejectedExecutionHandler implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
@Override
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor) {
//核心改造点,由blockingqueue的offer改成put阻塞方法
try {
executor.getQueue().put(r);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
private class CustomThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
private AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
Thread t = new Thread(r);
String threadName = CustomUnblockThreadPoolExecutor.class.getSimpleName() + count.addAndGet(1);
System.out.println(threadName);
t.setName(threadName);
return t;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
CustomUnblockThreadPoolExecutor exec = new CustomUnblockThreadPoolExecutor();
//1. 初始化
exec.init();
ExecutorService pool = exec.getCustomThreadPoolExecutor();
for (int i = 1; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println("提交第" + i + "个任务");
pool.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(">>>task is running========");
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
}